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I    No.  469 


THE  IMMIGRATION  COMMISSION 


THE  IMMIGRATION  SITUATION 

IN  CANADA 


PRESENTED  BY  MR.  DILLINGHAM 

April  1,  1910. — Referred  to  the  Committee  on  Immigration 
and  ordered  to  be  printed 


WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1910 


THE  IMMIGRATION  COMMISSION. 


Senator  William  P.  Dillingham, 

man. 
Senator  Hknry  Cabot  Lodge. 
Senator  AsBURY  C.  Latimer. « 
Senator  Anselm  J.  McLaurin.^* 
Senator  Le  Roy  Percy,  c 


Chair- 


Representative  Benjamin  F.  Howell. 
Representative  William  S.  Bennet. 
Representative  John  L.  Burnett. 
Mr.  Charles  P.  Neill. 
Mr.  Jeremiah  W.  Jenks. 
Mr.  William  R.  Wheeler 


^Secretaries; 

Morton  E.  Crane.        W.  W.  Husband. 

C.  S.  Atkinson. 

Chief  Statistician: 
Fred  C.  Croxton. 


Extract  from  act  of  Congress  of  February  20,  1907,  creating  and  defning  the  duties  of  the 

Immigration  Cojnmission . 

That  a  commission  is  hereby  created,  consisting  of  three  Senators,  to  be  appointed 
by  the  President  of  the  Senate,  and  three  Members  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
to  be  appoinlv^d  by  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  three  persons 
to  be  appointed  by  the  President  of  the  United  States.  Said  commission  shall  make 
full  inquiry,  examination,  and  investigation,  by  subcommittee  or  otherwise,  into  the 
subject  of  immigration.  For  the  purpose  of  said  inquiry,  examination,  and  investi- 
gation said  commission  is  authorized  to  send  for  persons  and  papers,  make  all  neces- 
sary travel,  either  in  the  United  States  or  any  foreign  country,  and,  through  the 
chairman  of  the  commission,  or  any  member  thereof,  to  administer  oaths  and  to 
examine  witnesses  and  papers  respecting  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  subject,  and 
to  employ  necessary  clerical  and  other  assistance.  Said  commission  shall  report  to 
Congress  the  conclusions  reached  by  it,  and  make  such  recommendations  as  in  its 
judgment  may  seem  proper.  Such  sums  of  money  a.s  may  be  necessary  for  the  said 
inquiry,  examination,  and  investigation  are  hereby  appropriated  and  authorized  to 
be  paid  out  of  the  "  immigrant  fund  "  on  the  certificate  of  the  chairman  of  said  com- 
mission, including  all  expenses  of  the  commissioners,  and  arca-sonable  compi-nsation, 
to  be  fixed  by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  for  those  members  of  the  commission 
who  are  not  Members  of  Congress;    *    *    * 


oDied  February  20,  1908. 

b  Appointed  to  succeed  Mr.  Latimer,  February  25,  1908. 

« Appointed  to  succeed  Mr.  McLaurin,  March  16,  1910. 


Died  December  22,  1909. 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


The  IxMmigration  Commission, 

WasJiington,  D.  0.,  April  1,  1910. 
To  the  Sixty-first  Congress: 

I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith,  on  behalf  of  the  Immigra- 
tion Commission,  a  report  upon  the  immigration  situation  in  Cana{hi. 

W.  P.  Dillingham,  Chairman. 

3 

o 

X 


170874 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 

Introductory 9 

Chapter  I.  Canada's  immigration  policy: 

Immigration  expenditures 13 

Sources  of  Canada's  immigration 15 

Occupations  of  immigrants 20 

Homestead  entries 21 

Irish  immigration 23 

Juvenile  immigration 25 

Assisted  immigration 26 

II.  Immigration  to  Canada  from  the  United  States: 

Recent  immigration 28 

Homestead  entries 32 

Earlier  immigration 33 

The  return  movement 34 

Canadian  expenditures  in  the  United  States 34 

III .  Immigration  to  the  United  States  from  Canada 36 

IV.  The  Canadian  immigration  law: 

Rejections  at  jjorts  of  entry 44 

Discretionary  authority  granted  officials 45 

Deportation  after  landing 48 

Medical  officers  and  their  duties 56 

Contract  labor 57 

Protection  of  immigrants 58 

V.  Oriental  immigration: 

Chinese  immigration 61 

Chinese  in  transit 64 

Japanese  immigration 64 

Hindu  immigration 70 

VI.  Foreign  elements  in  the  population  of  Canada 74 

^      Appendixes 77 

_^   Index .  213 

STATISTICAL   TABLES. 

Page. 

Table    1.  Canadian  immigration  expenditures,  fiscal  years  1898  to  1908 13 

2.  Canadian  immigration  expenditures  outside  of  Canada,  fiscal  years 

1898  to  1908 14 

3.  Immigration  to  Canada  from  the  United  States  and  United  King- 

dom, and  Canadian  expenditures  in  such  countries,  fiscal  years 

1901  to  1908 14 

4.  Total  immigration  to  Canada  from  July  1,  1900,  to  March  31,  1909, 

by  race  or  nationality 16 

5.  Immigration  to  Canada  from  European  countries  where  immigra- 

tion effort  is  made,  by  race  or  people 17 

6.  Immigration  to  Canada  from  European  countries,  including  Syria, 

where  no  immigration  effort  is  made,  by  race  or  jjeople 17 

7.  Immigration  to  Canada  from  the  United  States 18 

8.  Immigration  to  Canada  from  Asiatic  countries,  by  race  or  people. . .  18 

9.  Total  immigration  to  Canada,  by  specified  countries  or  groups  of 

countries 18 

10.  Total  European  immigration,  including  Syrian,  to  Canada  and  to 

the  United  States,  1901  to  1909 19 

11.  Total  European  immigration,  including  Syrian,  to  Canada  and  to 

the  United  States  in  years  specified -  -  -  19 

12.  Occupation   of   immigrants   to   Canada,    including  accompanying 

women  and  children,  1907  to  1909 21 

5 


6  CONTENTS. 

Page. 

Table  13.  Homesteads  in  western  Canada  entered  for  by  immigrants,  July  1, 

1900,  to  March  31,  1909,  by  race  or  country  of  immigrant 22 

14.  Total  immigrant  and  nonimmigrant  homestead  entries  in  western 

Canada,  July  1,  1900,  to  March  31,  1909 23 

15.  Total  immigration  to  Canada  and  the  United  States  from  Great 

Britain  and  Ireland  in  the  years  specified 23 

16.  Population  of  Irish  birth  in  Canada  and  in  the  United  States  in 

census  years  specified 25 

17.  Juvenile  immigration  to  Canada,  and  application  by  Canadians  for 

such  immigrants,  1901  to  1909 25 

18.  Total  immigration  to  Canada,  1901  to  1909,  by  race  or  country 28 

19.  Emigration  from  the  United  States  to  Canada,  July  1,  1906,  to  March 

31,  1909,  by  States 31 

20.  Number  of  homestead'entries  made  in  Canada  by  immigrants  from 

the  United  States,  by  States  and  Territories,  calendar  year  1909..  32,  33 

21.  Natives  of  the  United  States  in  Canada  in  census  years  1871  to  1901, 

by  Provinces 33 

22.  Canadian  immigration  expenditures  in  the  United  States,  1901  to 

1908 35 

23.  Total  immigration  to  Canada  and  number  of  immigrants  on  whom  a 

bonus  was  paid,  by  countries,  1905  to  1909 35 

24.  Natives  of  Canada,  including  Newfoundland,  in  the  United  States, 

in  census  years  1870  to  1900 36 

25.  Natives  of  Canada,  including  Newfoundland,  in  the  United  States 

in  1890  and  1900,  by  race  or  descent 37 

26.  Immigration  to  the  United  States  from  Canada  in  fiscal  years  1908 

and  1909,  by  race,  people,  or  descent 37, 38 

27.  Occupations  of  Canadian  immigrants  to  the  United  States  in  fiscal 

years  1908  and  1909 39 

28.  Total  number  of  immigrants  to  the  United  States  from  Canada  in 

fiscal  years  1908  and  1909,  by  sex,  age,  literacy,  and  amount  of 
money  shown 39 

29.  Total  immigrants  admitted  and  rejected  under  Canadian  and  United 

States  laws,  fiscal  year  1908 44 

30.  European    immigrants,  including   Syrian,  admitted  and  rejected 

under  the  Canadian  and  the  United  States  laws  in  1908,  by  race 

or  people 44 

31.  Immigration  to  Canada  from  European  countries  where  immigration 

effort  is  made,  and  immigrants  from  same  countries  deported 
after  admission,  in  years  specified,  by  race  or  people 51 

32.  Immigration  to  Canada  from  European  countries,  including  Syria, 

where  no  immigration  effort  is  made,  and  immigrants  from  same 
countries  deported  after  admission,  in  years  specified,  by  race 
or  people 51 

33.  Immigration  to  Canada  from  the  United  States  and  immigrants  de- 

ported after  admission  in  years  specified 51 

34.  Asiatic  immigration  to  Canada  and  Asiatic  immigrants  deported 

after  admission,  in  years  specified,  by  race  or  people 52 

35.  Total  immigration  to  Canada  and  total  immigrants  deported  after 

admission,  in  years  specified ,  by  race,  people,  or  country 52 

36.  Deportation  from  Canada  during  the  fiscal  year  1909,  by  causes 53 

37.  Immigrants   deported   from   Canada  after  admission,   by  race  or 

nationality,  and  cause,  fiscal  years  1907  and  1908 54 

38.  Immigrants  admitted,  and  alien^  deported  after  admission,  Canada 

and  the  United  States,  fiscal  years  1907  to  1909 55 

39.  Aliens  detained  in  penal,  reformatory,  and  charitable  institutions. 

United  States,  1908,  by  class  and  length  of  time  in  country 56 

40.  Chinese  in  transit  through  Canada,  via  Vancouver,  by  destination, 

fiscal  years  1907  to  1909 64 

41.  Population  of  Canada,  by  general  nativity,  census  years  1871  to  1901.         74 

42.  Population  of  Canada,  l)v  country  of  birth,  census  years  1871  to 

^1901. : : : 74,75 

43.  Population  of  Canada,  by  general  nativity  and  country  of  birth, 

census  years  1871  to  1901 75 

44.  Population  of  Canada,  by  race  or  descent,  census  years  1871,  1881, 

and  1901 : 76 


CONTENTS.  7 

Page. 
Table  45.  Total  immigration  to  Canada  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  March  31, 

1910,  by  race  or  nationality 174 

46.  Total  immigration  to  Canada,  by  specified   countries  or  groups  of 

countries,  fiscal  years  1908  to  1910 175 

47.  British  and  United  States  immigration  to  Canada,  fiscal  years  1908 

to  1910 175 

APPENDIXES. 

Appendix  A.  The  Canadian  immigration  law 79 

B.  Government  bill  proposing  amendments  to  the  Canadian  immi- 

gration law 97 

C.  The  United  States  immigration  law 132 

D.  Official  circular  of  Canadian   sui:)erintendent  of  immigration, 

"in  re  exclusion  of  over-seas  immigrants " 151 

E.  Official  circular  to  booking  agents  in  the  United  Kingdom 153 

F.  Aims  and  methods  of  charitable  organizations  promoting  emigra- 

tion   to  Canada  from  the  British  Isles,  report  by   J.  Bruce 

Walker .■■-■-.---■. -. 1^8 

G.  Orders  in  council  and  immigration  regulations 165 

H.  Immigration  to  Canada  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  March  31,  1910  174 

I.  The  Canadian  immigration  law  as  amended  May  4,  1910 177 


INTRODUCTORY. 


Canada  affords  an  interesting  example  of  a  country  with  a  definite 
immigration  policy  based  on  local  needs  and  conditions,  and  an 
immigration  law  siifficienth^  broad  and  flexible  to  permit  the  effective 
carrying  out  of  that  policy.  The  Canadian  policy  is  based  on  the 
purpose  of  the  government  to  promote  the  immigration  of  settlers  for 
the  newly  openetl  agricultural  regions  of  the  western  Provinces  and 
other  parts  of  the  Dominion  and  to  discourage  the  coming  to  Canada 
of  such  classes  of  immigrants  as  tend  to  congregate  in  towns  and 
cities. 

The  United  States,  the  United  Kingdom,  and  certain  northern  and 
western  countries  of  continental  Europe  are  regarded  ])y  Canada  as 
the  sources  most  likely  to  furnish  the  class  of  immigrants  desired,  and 
in  them  the  Government  carries  on  a  S3"stematic  and  usually"  suc- 
cessful propaganda  to  promote  or  direct  immigration  to  the  Dominion. 
No  effort  is  made  to  promote  immigration  from  southern  and  eastern 
European  countries,  and  while  immigrants  from  such  countries  are 
not  speciffcall}^  excluded  by  the  Canadian  immigration  law,  they  are 
not  sought  by  Canada  nor  are  they  desired  unless  it  is  clearly  shown 
that  they  do  not  intend  to  become  city  dwellers. 

In  earlier  years  the  Dominion  shared  somewhat  in  the  movement 
of  populatioii  from  the  United  Kingdom  and  northern  and  western 
Europe  to  Xortli  America;  but  until  recently  the  United  States  was 
the  destination  of  by  far  the  greater  part  of  such  immigration,  a  con- 
dition easily  accounted  for  bv  the  fact  that  the  settlement  of  the  agri- 
cultural regions  of  the  West  was  made  ])racticable  at  a  much  earlier 
date  in  the  United  States  than  in  Canada.  With  the  opening  up  of 
the  great  areas  of  agricultural  lands  in  the  western  Provinces  of  the 
Dominion  and  the  extension  of  the  })ropaganda  referred  to,  immigra- 
tion increased  until  Canada  is  now  one  of  the  great  immigrant-receiv- 
ing countries  of  the  world.  During  the  period  July  1,  1900,  to  March 
31,  1909,  a  total  of  1,244,597  immigrants  were  admitted  to  the  Do- 
minion, while  during  a  closely  corres])onding  period,  July  1,  1900,  to 
June  30,  1909,  the  total  immigration  to  the  United  States  was 
7,753,816.  Considering  the  population  of  the  two  countries,  however, 
the  movement  to  Cana(hi  was  relatively  much  greater,  the  number  of 
immigrants  admitted  during  the  period  referred  to  being  equal  to  26.1 
per  cent  of  the  Dominion's  population  in  1901 ,  while  the  number  enter- 
ing the  United  States  during  the  fiscal  years  1900  to  1909  equaled 
10.2  per  cent  of  the  population  of  the  latter  country  in  1900. 

The  chief  sources  of  Canadian  immigration  are  the  United  States 
and  the  United  Kingdom,  the  former  having  furnished  393,908,  or 
31.6  per  cent,  and  the  latter  502,264,  or  40.4  per  cent  of  the  total 
number  of  immigrants  admitted  to  the  Dominion  during  the  period 
referred  to.  During  the  same  period  Canada  expended  more  money  in 
promoting  immigration  from  the  United  vStates  than  from  the  United 
Kingdom,  the  amounts  being  respectively  .$1,662,000  and  $1,445,000. 
From  1901  to  1909,  inclusive,  71.2  per  cent  of  the  total  European 

9 


10  INTEODUCTOEY. 

immigration  to  Canada  originated  in  those  northern  and  western 
countries  where  the  Canadian  propaganda  is  carried  on,  while  in  the 
same  years  only  23.8  per  cent  of  the  European  immigration  to  the 
United  States  came  from  the  same  countries.  The  large  immigration 
from  the  British  Isles  to  the  Dominion  is  chiefly  responsible  for  this 
result,  but  even  where  continental  European  immigration  alone  is 
considered,  Canada  receives  relatively  fewer  immigrants  from  southern 
and  eastern  Euro])e  than  does  the  United  States. 

The  movement  of  population  from  the  United  States  to  Canada 
and  the  counter  movement  from  the  Dominion  to  the  States  are 
treated  in  separate  chapters.  The  latter  movement  is  one  of  early 
origin,  but  immigration  to  Canada  from  the  States  is  largely  a  develop- 
ment of  recent  j^ears,  having  orown  from  2,412  in  1897  to  59,926  m 
1909  and  103,984  in  the  Canadian  fiscal  year  ending  March  31,  1910. 
In  this  report  the  movement  from  the  States  is  discussed  from  the 
Canadian  standpoint,  but  it  is  the  purpose  of  the  Commission  to 
discuss  the  subject  more  fully  in  a  subsequent  report. 

The  Canadian  immigration  law  is  admirably  adapted  to  carrying 
out  the  immigration  polic}^  of  the  Dominion.  Under  its  terms  no 
immigrants  are  specifically  denied  admission  solely  because  of  their 
race  or  origin,  or  because  of  the  purpose  for  which  they  have  come  to 
Canada,  but  the  discretion  conferred  upon  officials  charged  w^th  the 
administration  of  the  law  does  make  such  discrimination  entirely 
possible.  With  this  discretionary  authority  Canadian  officials  are 
able  to  regulate  the  admission  of  immigrants  according  to  the  demand 
for  immigrant  labor  in  the  Dominion  at  the  time.  Moreover,  the 
Canadian  immigration  department  is  directed  by  officials  who  are 
largely  responsible  for  the  development  of  the  Canadian  S3'stem  for 
promoting  and  regulating  immigration,  and  who  through  ability  and 
long  experience  have  become  experts  in  that  field. 

This  report,  which  was  prepared  by  Mr.  W.  W.  Husband,  one  of 
the  secretaries  of  the  Commission,  is  intended  primarily  to  cover  the 
situation  in  Canada,  since  1900,  during  which  time  immigration  and 
immigration  control  have  become  subjects  of  great  importance  in  the 
Dominion.  Wherever  practicable,  comparisons  have  been  made 
between  the  immigration  laws  and  systems  of  Canada  and  those  of 
the  United  States,  and  their  effect  upon  immigration  to  the  two 
countries.  According  to  the  plans  of  the  Commission  tliis  report  will 
be  followed  by  similar  discussions  of  immigration  conditions  in  Aus- 
tralia, New  Zealand,  and  other  immigrant  receiving  countries. 

In  presenting  this  report  the  Immigration  Commission  desires  to 
express  its  appreciation  of  the  many  courtesies  extended  to  the  Com- 
mission by  the  Hon.  W.  L.  Mackenzie  King,  Canadian  minister  of 
labor;  Hon.  F.  C.  F.  O'Hara,  deputy  minister  of  trade  and  commerce 
and  chief  controller  of  Chinese  immigration;  Mr.  W.  D.  Scott,  Cana- 
dian superintendent  of  immigration;  Mr.  L.  M.  Fortier,  deputy 
superintendent  of  immigration;  Dr.  Munro,  Canadian  medical  in- 
spector and  immigration  agent  at  Vancouver;  Mr.  John  H.  Clark, 
United  States  commissioner  of  immigration,  and  ^Ir.  Everett  J. 
Wallace,  assistant  United  States  commissioner  of  immigration,  at 
Montreal;  Dr.  Percy  L.  Prentis,  formerly  United  States  immigrant 
inspector  in  charge  at  the  port  of  Vancouver,  and  now  inspector  in 
charge  at  Chicago;  and  Mr.  Ralph  P.  Harrison,  United  States  immi- 
grant inspector  in  charge  at  the  port  of  Quebec. 


THE  IMMIGRATION  SITUATION  IN  CANADA. 


Chapter  I. 

CANADA'S  IMMIGRATION  POLICY. 

The  immigration  question  in  Canada,  always  vital,  has  in  recent 
years  assumed  a  place  of  paramount  importance  among  the  problems 
of  the  Dominion.  This  is  clue  largely  to  the  development  of  western 
Canada  and  to  the  purpose  of  the  government  to  populate  that  region 
with  selected  settlers.  To  further  this  end  Canada  has  developed  an 
immigi:ation  policy  which  is  officially  expressed  as  follows :  '^ 

1.  Money  is  expended  and  administration  is  exercised  with  the  object  of  securing 
immigrants  whose  purpose  in  life  is  to  occupy  farm  lands,  either  as  owners,  tenants,  or 
laborei-s. 

2.  Money  is  voted  and  administration  is  exercised  with  the  object  of  excluding 
those  whose  presence  in  Canada  would  tend  to  add  to  the  congestion  of  towns  and 
cities. 

In  pursuance  of  this  policy,  organized  effort  is  made  to  secure 
immigrants  from  countries  which  furnish  the  classes  or  races  most 
desired  as  settlers  for  the  agricultural  regions  of  the  Dominion  now 
under  development,  but  no  effort  is  made  in  those  countries  which  are 
considered  likely  to  furnish  immigrants  of  the  second  class  referretl  to. 

The  European  countries  favored  by  Canada  in  this  regard  are  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland,  France,  Belgium,  Holland,  Germany,  Denmark, 
Iceland,  Finland,  Norway,  Sweden,  and  Switzerland,  and  in  such  of 
these  countries  as  permit  the  promotion  of  emigration  to  a  foreign 
country  Canada  conducts  a  systematic  propaganda  to  induce  or 
direct  emigration  of  the  desired  classes  to  the  Dominion.  Canada's 
plan  of  action  includes  the  maintenance  of  salaried  agents  in 
London,  Liverpool,  Birmingham,  York,  Glasgow,  Aberdeen,  Bel- 
fast, Exeter,  Dublin,  Paris,  and  Antwerp,  and  under  the  direction  of 
these  agents  an  extensive  advertising  campaign  is  carried  on.  Offi- 
cially prepared  circulars  in  several  languages,  attractively  setting 
forth  the  inducements  offered  by  Canada  to  agricultural  immigrants, 
are  distributed  in  large  numbers;  similar  advertisements  are  carried 
in  newspapers  and  other  pubhcations  which  circulate  among  the 
classes  most  desired;  permanent  exhibits  of  Canadian  products  are 
maintained  in  several  cities,  and  traveling  exhibits  are  sent  to  various 
sections  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  and  to  agricultural  fairs  and 
other  exhil)itions  throughout  the  United  Kingdom. 

Another  feature  of  the  propaganda,  and  one  which  particularly 
indicates  Canada's  desire  for  immigrants,  is  the  payment  of  a  liberal 


a  Official  circular,  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Canada,  June  4,  1909.     Appen- 
dix  D. 


12  THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN    CANADA. 

bonus  to  several  thousand  so-called  booking  agents  in  the  favored 
countries.  These  booking  agents  are  for  the  most  part  local  steam- 
ship ticket  agents,  and  theoretically  the  bonus  is  allowed  for  the  pur- 
pose of  inducing  such  agents  to  favor  Canada  by  directing  thereto 
intended  emigrants  who  otherwise  might  choose  a  different  destination. 
The  bonus  paid  is  £1  ($4.86)  on  each  person  18  years  of  age  or  over, 
and  10s.  ($2.43)  on  persons  between  1  and  18  years."  In  Great 
Britain  it  is  paid  upon  tickets  to  Canada  sold  to  British  subjects  who 
have  for  at  least  one  year  been  engaged  in  the  occupation  of  a  farmer, 
farm  laborer,  gardener,  stableman,  carter,  railway  surfaceman,  navvy, 
or  miner,  and  who  signify  their  intention  of  following  farming  or 
railway  construction  work  in  Canada.  Female  domestic  servants  also 
are  included.^  A  like  bonus  is  paid  on  similar  classes  of  immigrants 
from  France,  Belgium,  Holland,  Denmark,  Norway,  Sweden,  and  Fin- 
land. During  the  fiscal  years  1905  to  1909,  inclusive,  this  bonus  was 
paid  on  16.5  per  cent  of  all  British  immigrants,  and  on  11  per  cent  of 
all  immigrants  from  continental  Europe,  admitted  to  Canada. 

In  England  the  Salvation  Army  is  utilized  as  an  agency  to  promote 
emigration  to  Canada,  and  grants  of  money  are  made  to  the  army  for 
that  purpose.  It  is  stated,  however,  that  the  Dominion  government 
has  no  system  of  free  or  assisted  passage  to  Canada,  and  that  no 
immigrant  is  ever  brought  to  Canada  at  the  expense  of  the  govern- 
ment. 

For  many  years  Canada  has  regarded  the  United  States  as  a  desir- 
able field  for  immigration  effort.  The  propaganda  is  conducted  under 
the  direction  of  an  ofhcial  designated  as  inspector  of  agencies  and 
press  agent,  and  general  agents  are  stationed  in  sixteen  cities.  The 
efforts  of  these  salaried  representatives  are  supplemented  by  sub- 
agents,  who  are  paid  a  commission  of  $3  per  man,  $2  per  woman,  and 
$1  per  child  on  bona  fide  settlers  induced  by  them  to  settle  in  western 
Canada.  During  the  fiscal  years  1905  to  1909,  inclusive,  this  com- 
mission was  paid  on  5.6  per  cent  of  all  United  States  immigrants  enter- 
ing Canada.  The  subject  of  immigration  to  Canada  from  the  United 
States  is  discussed  at  greater  length  elsewhere  in  this  report. 

The  British  ])ress  is  relied  upon  as  a  factor  in  promoting  emigra- 
tion to  Canada,  through  news  articles  relative  to  the  progress  and 
advantages  of  the  Dominion,  and  also  througli  the  publication  of  let- 
ters from  persons  who  have  settled  there.  British  newspaper  writers 
and  other  publicity  agents  are  encouraged  to  visit  Canada,  and  it  is 
stated  that  much  desirable  advertising  has  resulted. 

Some  years  ago  Canada  inaugurated  the  plan  of  sending  delegates 
to  Great  Britain  in  the  interest  of  the  immigration  propaganda,  and 
this  practice  has  been  continued.  The  origin  and  purpose  of  this 
movement  is  referred  to  as  follows  in  the  official  report  on  immigra- 
tion by  the  Deputy  Minister  of  the  Interior  in  1903:'= 

Those  delegates,  55  in  all,  were  selected  as  those  having  had  most  successful  careers 
in  agricultural  pursuits  in  the  West,  and  who  could  give  their  personal  testimony- 
regarding  the  different  districts  in  which  they  reside.  It  was  considered  by  the 
department  that  although  strong  efforts  had  been  made  to  induce  people  from  the 
British  Isles  to  locate  in  Canada,  the  result  had  not  been  as  satisfactory  as  might  have 
been  expected,  and  it  was  felt  that  a  new  method  for  reaching  the  class  of  people  whom 

a  Appendix  E. 

b  Circular  to  Steamship  Booking  Agents  in  the  United  Kingdom,  November  15, 
1906,  W.  D.  Scott,  Superintendent  of  Immigration. 

c  Report  of  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Canada,  1903,  p.  xii. 


THE    IMMIGEATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 


13 


we  are  desirous  of  securing  should  be  adopted.  No  scheme  ever  attempted  by  the 
department  to  encourage  immigration  has  attracted  greater  attention  or  has  proved  as 
successful  as  the  visit  of  these  farmer  delegates. 

They  left  for  England  in  the  beginning  of  February  last,  and  on  an  average  were 
engaged  for  periods  varying  between  six  weeks  and  two  months  in  visiting  the  various 
towns  respectively  assigned  to  them.  The  demand  for  information  from  the  dele- 
gates was  so  great  that  many  of  them  were  compelled  to  remain  for  weeks  at  the  govern- 
ment agencies.  There  is  no  doubt  that  the  most  effective  work  was  done  in  this  way, 
and  that  as  a  result  no  country  in  the  world  to-da>^  is  better  known  than  Canada  is  in 
the  old  country.  The  delegates  were  brought  in  immediate  contact  with  the  jjeople 
who  contemplated  removing  to  another  country,  and  the  information  imparted  by  the 
delegates  in  these  interviews  has  done  more  than  any  other  means  heretofore  employed 
in  removing  the  deep-rooted  prejudices  against  settlement  in  Canada  and  in  conveying 
a  correct  knowledge  of  the  country.  Their  visits  to  the  various  towns  created  a  most 
lively  interest.  They  were  appealed  to  by  prospective  settlers  and  their  lectures 
and  movements  were  reported  by  the  papers  throughout  the  country. 

I  certainly  attribute  very  largely  the  increase  in  the  immigration  from  the  British 
Isles  during  the  past  year  to  the  visit  of  these  delegates,  and  the  results  thus  obtained 
have  more  than  compensated  for  the  comparatively  small  expenditure  of  public 
money  which  it  involved. 

Concerning  this  feature  of  Canada's  campaign  to  promote  immigra- 
tion, Mr.  J.  Obed  Smith,  assistant  superintendent  of  emigration  for 
Canada  in  London,  says : " 

The  continuance  of  the  policy  of  sending  successful  farmer  delegates  to  tell  their 
personal  story  of  success  has  been  productive  of  excellent  results  throughout  the 
British  Isles,  and  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  the  policy  in  question  should  be  continued 
next  season.  Strive  as  the  department  does  to  prepare  literature  absolutely  correct 
in  every  detail,  there  is,  perhaps  owing  to  competition  from  other  colonies,  a  linger- 
ing opinion  among  intending  immigrants  that  government  literature  requires  to  be 
fortified  by  the  personal  opinion  of  some  actual  settler  or  farmer  from  Canada,  with 
whom  they  can  converse. 

IMMIGRATION    EXPENDITURES. 

During  the  fiscal  jesbrs  1S9S  to  1908,  inclusive,  Canada's  expendi- 
tures in  promoting  and  regulating  immigration  aggregated  $6,779,823. 
Of  this  amount,  S2,500,432,  or  36.9  per  cent,  was  expended  in  Canada, 
and  the  remainder  in  the  United  States,  the  United  Kingdom,  and 
continental  Europe.  The  geographical  distribution  of  this  expendi- 
ture by  years  is  shown  in  the  following  table : 

Table  1. — Canadian  immigration  expenditures,  fiscal  years  1898  to  1908. 

rCompiled  from  Immigration  Facts  and  Figures,  issued  by  direction  of  the  Hon.  Franlc  Oliver,  Minister 

of  the  Interior,  Canada,  1909.] 


Fiscal  year — b 

Canada. 

United 
States. 

United 
Kingdom. 

Conti- 
nental 
Europe. 

Total. 

1898                             

$82, 194. 90 
102. 878. 88 
163,562.61 
147,729.63 
137,841.55 
210,913.74 
225,788.50 
354,556.69 
344,0(38.23 
244.200.70 
480. 696. 51 

$87,000 
75.000 
112,000 
144,000 
178,000 
161,000 
205,000 
325,000 
248,000 
151,000 
250.000 

$61,000 
41,000 
96,000 
110,000 
121,000 
205.000 
236,000 
181,000 
148,000 
174.000 
270,000 

$31,000 
37,000 
63,000 
43,000 
58.000 
60, 000 
78,000 
111,800 
102, 600 
42,000 
74,000 

$261,194.90 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902                             

255.878.88 
434. 562. 61 
444,729.63 
494.841.55 

1903   

642.913.74 

1904 

1905 

190t) 

1907  (9  monthis)                  

744, 788.  50 
972, 356. 69 
842,  668.  23 
611,200.70 

1908 

1.074,696.51 

2,500,432.00 

1,936,000 

1,643,000 

700,400 

0,779,832.00 

a  Report  of  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Canada,  1909,  p.  64.  ,    „,  .     ,„„, 

fc  The  Canadian  fiscal  year  ended  June  30  in  the  years  1898  to  1906  inclusive,  and  March  31  m  1907 
and  succeeding  years. 


14 


THE   IMMIGEATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 


Assuming  that  the  amount  of  money  expended  in  Canada  repre- 
sents the  cost  of  reguhiting  immigration,  and  the  amount  expended 
outside  of  Canada  the  cost  of  promoting  immigration,  it  will  be 
seen  that  the  latter  was  63.1  per  cent  of  the  total  cost  during  the 
period  considered. 

The  distribution  by  geographical  divisions  of  expenditures  outside 
of  Canada  is  shown  in  the  following  table : 

Table  2. — Canadicm  immigration  expenditures  outside  of  Canada,  fiscal  years  1898  to 

1908,  inclusive. 

[Compiled  from  Immigration  Facts  and  Figures,  Canada,  1909.] 


Country. 


Expenditures  outside  of 
Canada. 


Total. 


Per  cent 
of  total. 


United  States 

United  Kingdom . . . 
Continental  Europe 

Total 


$1,936,000 

1,643,000 

700,400 


45.2 
38.4 
16.4 


4,279,400 


100.0 


During  the  fiscal  years  1901  to  1908,  inclusive,  a  total  of  1,097,689 
immigrants  were  admitted  to  Canada.  The  total  expenditures  of 
the  Dominion  on  account  of  immigration  during  the  same  period 
were  $5,828,195.61,  or  $5.31  per  immigrant  admitted.  Of  this 
amount  $2,151,795.61,  or  $1.96  per  immigrant,  was  expended  in 
Canada,  or,  as  previously  stateil,  in  the  regulation  of  immigration, 
while  $3,676,400,  or  $3.35  per  immigrant,  was  expended  outside 
of  Canada,  or  in  the  promotion  of  immigration. 

The  total  immigration  to  Canada  from  the  United  States  and  the 
United  Kingdom  during  the  period  above  mentioned,  compared  with 
the  expenditures  by  Canada  in  each  country  on  account  of  immigra- 
tion, is  shown  in  the  following  table: 

Table  3. — Immigration  to  Canada  from  the  United  States  and  the  United  Kingdom,  and 
Canadian  immigration  expenditures  in  such  countries,  fiscal  years  1901  to  1908. 

[From  Immigration  Facts  and  Figures,  Canada,  1909,  and  statistical  table  on  page  16.] 


Country. 

Total 
immigra- 
tion. 

Total 
expendi- 
ture. 

Amount 

per 
capita. 

United  States 

333,983 
449,363 

$1,662,000 
1,445,000 

$4.98 

United  Kingdom 

3.22 

It  will  be  noticed  that  during  the  period  covered  by  the  above  table 
Canada  expended  a  considerably  greater  sum  in  the  United  States  in 
promoting  immigration  than  was  expended  for  the  same  purpose  in 
Englantl,  Irelantl,  Scotland  and  Wales,  combined,  and  also  that  the 
cost  per  immigrant  was  relatively  much  greater. 

The  expenditure  per  capita  on  immigrants  to  Canada  from  conti- 
nental Europe  during  the  eight  years  considered  was  approximately 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN    CANADA.  15 

$1.99.  The  wide  difference  between  per  capita  expenditures  in  the 
United  States  and  the  United  Kingdom  and  such  expenditures  in 
continental  Europe  may  be  accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  Canada 
makes  no  so-called  immigration  effort  in  several  European  countries 
which  nevertheless  furnish  annually  a  considerable  number  of  inuni- 
grants  to  the  Dominion.  Moreover,  the  United  States  and  Great 
Britain  permit  the  open  and  unrestricted  solicitation  of  immigration 
on  the  part  of  Canada,  while,  as  previously  stated,  some  European 
countries  regartled  by  Canada  as  sources  of  desirable  immigration  do 
not  tolerate  a  propaganda  of  that  nature. 

souKCES  OF  Canada's  immigration. 

It  is  apparent  that  at  present  Canada  divides  the  emigrating  races 
of  the  transoceanic  world  into  three  general  groups,  as  follows: 
First,  natives  of  the  United  Kingdom  and  of  northern  and  western 
continental  Europe;  second,  southern  and  eastern  Europeans;  third, 
the  races  of  the  Orient. 

The  government  has  a  well-defined  idea  of  the  desirability  of  each 
group  as  settlers  in  Canada;  and  the  Canadian  immigration  act,  al- 
though excluding  no  one  solely  because  of  his  race  or  nationality, 
seems  to  make  possible  an  effective  discrmiination  among  them. 
As  previously  explained,  every  effort  is  n:^de  to  induce  persons  of  the 
first  class  to  settle  in  Canada.  Those  of  the  second  group,  although 
admitted  in  rather  large  numbers,  are  not  sohcited,  and,  as  will  be 
sliowTi  later,  more  or  less  effective  obstacles  are  placed  in  their  way. 
Those  of  the  third  class  are  practically  prohibited  from  coming 
by  the  Cliinese  immigration  act,  and  by  barriers  erected  under  vari- 
ous provisions  of  the  immigration  law,  which  will  later  be  discussed 
in  detail. 

How  Canada  has  succeeded  in  attracting  immigrants  of  the  races 
or  peoples  desired  is  indicated  by  the  following  tables,  which  show  in 
detail  the  racial  or  national  composition  of  immigration  to  the  Do- 
minion during  the  past  nine  years,  during  which  period  the  present 
system  of  control  has  been  developed. 

Canadian  immigration  statistics  are  generally  recorded  by  race 
rather  than  country  of  birth,  although,  as  will  be  seen,  territorial 
rather  than  ethnological  designations  are  employed  to  a  considerable 
extent,  and  in  some  instances  mimigrants  are  designated  by  the  re- 
ligious sect  with  which  they  are  affihated.  Therefore  the  following 
table,  while  not  entirely  comparable  with  United  States  immigration 
statistics,  nevertheless  gives  a  clear  idea  of  the  racial  distribution  of 
recent  Canadian  immigration. 


16 


THE    IMMIGEATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 


Table  4.— Total  imviigration  to  Canada  from.  July  1,  1900,  to  March  31,  1909,  by  race 

or  nationality. 

[Compiled  from  statistical  table  furnished  by  Canadian  immigration  department.] 


Race  or  nationality. 

Year  ending  June  30— 

Nine 
months 
ending 
March 
31,  1907. 

Year  ending 
March  31— 

Total 
July  1, 
1900,  to 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

1904. 

1905. 

1906. 

1908. 

1909. 

Mar.  31, 
1909. 

98 
62 
3 

9 
128 
^65 

70 

112 

11 

3 

550 

59 

46 
113 

46 

16 

1,759 

1 

58 
81 
58 

91 

1,578 
16 

48 

78 

204 

107 

1,123 

27 

4 

6,926 

5 

3 

47 

29 

837 

981 

796 

1 

2 

19 

82 

322 

110 

1,355 

226 

16 

5,656 

324 

266 

154 

31 

208 

185 

94 
229 
169 
44 
1,652 
347 
303 
146 

50 
563 

180 

102 

2,145 

224 

10 

14, 268 

321 

912 

188 

4 
79 
171 

28 

1,546 

1 

1 

6, 044 

4 

149 

424 

1,378 

1,180 

Austria-Hungary: 

Bohemian 

Bukowinian 

560 
10,413 

788 

75 

4,702 

6,550 

8,382 

7,729 

62,509 

1,001 

1,033 

Slovak           .  .  . 

14 

27 

82 

116 

774 

29 

Austrian.n.  e.  s.a. 
Hungarian,  n.e.  s. 

228 
546 
132 

320 

1,048 

223 

781 

2, 074 

303 

510 

1,091 

858 

2 

14 

1,324 

739 

1,106 

2 

71 

18 

474 

389 

18 

1,648 

4 

22 

23 

2 

1,745 

254 

7,127 

387 

168 

7,959 

1,922 

502 
499 
650 
5 
179 

92 
297 
394 

10 
1,314 

1 

1 

12 

1,899 
1,307 
1,214 

1 

2,529 

1,884 

290 

1,212 

8 
2,671 

2 
7 
5 

1,830 

595 

828 

4 

56 

1,887 

160 

495 

2 

1,830 

1 

74' 

8 

1,257 

192 

1,036 

6 

35 

4,228 

495 

8,297 
8,880 
0,110 

15 

1 
2 

163 

35 

3 

431 

7 

2,859 

7 

88 

25 

1 

360 

3,890 

308 

223 

1 

937 

417 

169 

3 

1,534 

461 

281 

2 

1,743 

2,658 

Dutch         

3,223 

48 

12, 408 

Germany: 

8 

30 

6 
13 

1,869 

193 

2,066 

11 

8 

2, 960 

191 

3,727 

28 

10 

2,721 

98 

7,715 

45 

413 

3, 473 

354 

158 

41 

German,  n.  e.  s 

Greek 

984 

81 

2,765 

1,048 

161 

1,015 

1,889 
545 
6,584 
2,124 
46 
5,114 
2,042 

2,363 
1,053 
7,712 
2,023 
97 
11,212 
7,  (101 

10,842 
2,  768 

40, 347 

5,185 

912 

4,710 

6 

260 

3,828 

917 
3,371 

396 
4,445 

3,244 

48, 340 

12, 420 

5 

5 

'* 

2 

2 

5 

190 

57 

1,397 

8 

745 

1 

42 

340 

89 

1,415 

7 

725 

6 

ios 

l,02i) 

30 

876 

31 

1,033 

2 

130 

3,374 

70 

1,554 

7 

1,593 

2 

73 

2,108 

05 

752 

1 

370 

2 

364 

335 

2 

1, 746 

40 

274 

519 

23 

1,2.39 

5 

669 

7,895 



336 

265 

1,015 

1 

230 

10,259 

100 

Polish     

162 

5,807 

13 

Roumania: 

Moldavian 

Roumanian, n.e.s. 
Russia: 

152 

279 
272 

12 

1,292 

52 

2,467 

1 
437 

280 

619 

270 

24 
1,323 

396 

204 
1,103 

431 

949 

278 

3,804 
240 

682 

1,734 

38 

5,505 

2 

845 

11 

1,955 

10 

21 

5 

2, 151 

128 

369 

29 

36,694 
3,128 
10,552 
45, 229 

3 

1,049 

1,212 

669 

9,909 

101 

Russian, n.e.s — 

1,044 
23 

1,887 

7 

35 

10 

1,847 

150 

630 

30 

49,617 
3,998 
11,744 
43, 652 

8 

3,152 

19 

46 

12 

1,802 

172 

336 

357 

65,932 
5,018 
15,846 
57,919 

11 

12 

171 

1,927 
4 
23 
29 
1,077 
112 
277 
232 

41,658 
3,404 
10, 729 
34, 748 

10 
16 
64 

6, 281 
48 
76 
61 
2, 1.32 
195 
732 
489 

91,412 
0,547 
22,223 
58, 445 

43 
101 
134 

3,547 
31 
53 
32 
1,135 
129 
189 
236 

37, 482 
3, 609 
11,810 
59, 926 

14 
32 
113 

27, 765 
144 

254 

14 
485 

30 
464 

37 

9,401 

933 

1,476 

18, 055 

1 
1,013 

17 
1,066 

17 

13,095 
1,311 
2, 853 

26,  461 

7 

2,477 

73 

847 

43 

32,510 
2, 236 
7,046 

49, 473 

6 

171 

14,119 

1,006 

Syrian  

4,910 

Turliish 

1,470 

United  Kingdom: 
English    and 
Welsh 

377,801 

Irish 

30,184 

Scotch 

94,279 

United  States 

West  Indies: 

c 393, 908 
95 

161 

17 

52 

09 

020 

Grand  total . . . 

49, 149 

67,379 

128,364 

130, 331 

146, 266 

189,064 

124,067 

262, 469 

140,908 

1,244,597 

a  Not  elsewhere  specified.  ''  A  religious  sect, 

c  Including  316  United  States  citizens  coming  to  Canada  via  ocean  ports. 


THE   IMMIGRATl'ON    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 


17 


The  following  tables  show  the  immigration  to  Canada  in  the  years 
1908  and  1909,  and  for  the  nine  years  ending  March  31 ,  1909,  of  certain 
races  coming  from  countries  where  immigration  efl'ort  is  made ;  that 
from  countries  whose  people  are  admitted  to  Canada  but  whose  coming 
is  not  solicited ;  the  number  of  persons  coming  from  the  United  States; 
and  the  number  of  Asiatics. 

Table  b.—Immigralion  to  Canada  from  European  countries  where  immigration  effort  is 

made,  by  race  or  people. 

[Compiled  from  statistical  table  furnished  by  Canadian  immigration  department.] 


Race  or  people. 


United  Kingdom: 

English  and  Welsh. 

Irish 

Scotch 

Belgian 

Danish 

Dutch 

Finnish 

French 

German 

Icelandic 

Norwegian 

Swedish 

Swiss 

Total 

Total  United  Kingdom 
Total  others 


91,412 

6,547 

22, 223 

1,214 

290 

1,212 

1,212 

2,671 

a  2, 377 

97 

1,554 

2,132 

195 


133, 136 


120, 182 
12, 954 


1909. 


1901-1909. 


37, 482 

3.609 

11,810 

828 

160 

495 

669 

1,830 

b  1, 340 

35 

752 

1,135 

129 


60,274 


52, 901 
7,373 


377, 801 

30, 184 

94, 279 

6,110 

2,658 

3,223 

9, 909 

12, 468 

c 17, 079 

3,244 

10, 259 

14,119 

1,000 


582, 339 


502, 264 
80, 075 


a  Including  2  Alsatian,  7  Bavarian,  5  Prussian. 

b  Including  1  Alsatian,  74  Prussian,  8  Saxon. 

c  Including  8  Alsatian,  30  Bavarian,  158  Prussian,  41  Saxon. 

Table  Q.— Immigration  to  Canada  from  European  countries,  including  Syria,  where  no 
immigration  effort  is  made,  by  race  or  people. 

[Compiled  from  statistical  table  furnished  by  Canadian  immigration  department.] 


Race  or  people. 


Armenian. . . 

Austrian 

Bukowinian. 
Bulgarian. .. 

Galician 

Greek 

Hebrew 

Hungarian... 

Italian 

Polish 

Roumanian.. 

Russian 

Ruthenian... 

Syrian 

Turkish 

others 


Grand  total 54, 600 


1908. 


563 
899 
145 
529 
268 
053 
712 
628 
212 
593 
949 
,281 
912 
732 
489 
635 


1901-1909. 


1,830 

1,546 
56 

6,644 
192 

1,636 
6  599 

4,228 
376 
278 

3,547 

149 

189 

236 

95 


21,680 


1,378 

8,297 

10, 413 

2,859 

62, 509 

2, 768 

40, 347 

c9,881 

48,340 

5,807 

3,804 

27, 765 

1,633 

4,910 

1,470 

2,895 


235,076 


b  Including  4  Magyar. 


■  Including  1,001  Magyar. 


a  Including  321  Magyar. 

Note  —During  the  fiscal  year  ending  March  31,  1910,  a  total  of  208,794  immigrants  were  admitted  to 
Canada  Of  these  103,984,  or  49.8  per  cent  of  the  total,  came  from  the  United  States;  70,151,  or  33.6  per 
cent,  from  northern  and  western  Europe:  and  28.237,  or  13.5  per  cent,  from  southern  and  eastern  Europe. 
(For  discussion  of  immigration  to  Canada  in  the  fiscal  year  1910,  see  Appendix  H.) 

35365— S.  Doc.  469,  61-2 2 


Table  7. — Immigration  to  Canada  from  the  United  States. 
[Compiled  from  statistical  tal>le  furnished  by  Canadian  immigration  department.] 


Country. 

1908. 

1909. 

1901-1909. 

United  States                             

58, 445 

59, 926 

393,908 

Table  8. — Immigration  to  Canada  from  Asiatic  countries,  by  race  or  people. 
[Compiled  from  statistical  table  furnished  by  Canadian  immigration  department.] 


Race  or  people. 

1908. 

1909. 

1901-1909. 

1,884 
2,023 
7,001 

1,887 

6 

495 

3,890 

5, 185 

12, 420 

12, 108 

2,388 

21,495 

Table  9. — Total  immigration  to  Canada,  hy  specified  countries  or  groups  of  countries. 
[Compiled  from  statistical  table  furnished  by  Canadian  immigration  department.] 


1908. 

1909. 

1901-1909. 

Race,  peojile,  or  country. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

North  and  west  European,  including  Ice- 

133, 130 

54, 000 

58, 445 

12, 108 

4,180 

50.7 

20.8 

22.  3 

4.6 

1.0 

00,274 

21,080 

59,920 

2, 388 

2,640 

41.0 

14.8 

40.8 

1.6 

1.8 

582, 339 

235,076 

393,908 

21,495 

11,779 

40.8 

18.9 

31.0 

1.7 

Others                             

.9 

262, 409 

100.0 

146,908 

100.0 

1,244,597 

100. 0 

It  ap])ears  from  the  above  that  (hirino;  the  nine  j^ears  mentioned 
78.4  per  cent  of  the  immigration  to  Canada  consisted  of  races  or 
peoples  from  the  north  and  west  of  Europe  and  from  the  United 
States,  18.9  per  cent  of  races  or  peoples  from  the  south  and  east  of 
Europe,  and  only  1 .7  per  cent  was  from  Asiatic  countries.  Wliat  pro- 
portion of  the  immigration  of  favored  classes  was  induced  by  Canada's 
efforts,  and  how  many  persons  of  the  classes  not  favored  were  pre- 
vented from  coming  because  of  the  indifferent  attitude  of  C^anada, 
or  by  the  barriers  erected  against  them,  can  not,  of  course,  be 
determined. 

As  previously  stated,  during  the  fiscal  years  1905  to  1909,  inclusive, 
a  bonus  was  paid  on  16.5  ])er  cent  of  the  arrivals  from  the  United 
Kingdom,  on  11  per  cent  of  those  coming  from  continental  Europe, 
and  on  5.6  per  cent  of  United  States  immigrants,  but  it  is,  of  course, 
improbable  tliat  the  bonus  paid  was  the  determining  factor  in  each 
case  involved. 

Whether  attributable  to  Canada's  policy  or  to  natural  causes,  it  is 
noteworthy  that  so  laige  a  pro])ortion  of  the  European  immigration 
to  the  Dominion  during  the  period  considered  originated  in  countries 
where  immigration  effort  is  made.  The  result  is  even  more  striking 
when  it  is  considered  that  the  incentive  to  emigration,  as  measured 
by  recent  immigration  to  the  United  States,  is  much  stronger  in 
southern  and  eastern  than  in  northern  and  western  European  coun- 


THE    IMMIGKATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 


19 


tries.     The  following;  table,  cc)m])aiin*?  recent  European  immigration 
to  Canada  and  to  tlie  United  States,  cleaily  illustrates  the  ])oint: 

Table  10. —  Total  European  immigration,  including  Syrian,  to  Canada  and  to  the  United 
States,  fiscal  years  1901  to  1909. 

[Compiled  from  statistical  table  furnished  by  Canadian  immigration  department  and  from  reports  of 
United  States  Commissioner-General  of  Immigration.] 


Europe,  including  United  Kingdom. 

Europe,  excluding  United  Kingdom. 

Xmnber  and  class. 

Per  cent  of 
total. 

Number  and  class. 

Per  cent  of 
total. 

Country  of  arrival. 

North 
and  west 
European 

and 
Icelandic. 

Other 
Euro- 
pean, in- 
cluding 
Syrian. 

North 
and 
west 
Euro- 
pean 
and 
Ice- 
landic. 

Other 
Euro- 
pean, 

includ- 
ing 

Syrian. 

North 
and 
west 
conti- 
nental 
Euro- 
pean, 
includ- 
ing Ice- 
landic. 

Other 
conti- 
nental 
Euro- 
pean, in- 
cluding 
Syrian. 

North 
and 
west 
conti- 
nental 
Euro- 
pean, 
includ- 
ing Ice- 
landic. 

Other 
conti- 
nental 
Euro- 
pean, 
includ- 
ing 
Syrian. 

Canada  (July   1,   1900,   to 
March  31,  1909) 

582,339 
1,560,219 

235,070 
4,994,103 

71.2 
2.3.8 

28.8 
76.2 

80,075 
768,214 

235,076 
4,994,163 

25.4 
13.3 

74.6 

United  States  (Julv  1, 1900, 
to  June  30,  1909) 

86.7 

It  will  be  seen  that  in  the  past  nine  years  71.2  per  cent  of  European 
inmiigration  to  Canada  was  from  the  northern  and  western  countries, 
while  only  23.8  per  cent  of  persons  coming  from  Europe  to  the  United 
States  were  from  those  sections.  British  immigration,  however, 
was  largely  res])onsible  for  tlie  preponderance  of  northern  and  west- 
ern Europeans  in  the  movement  to  Canada,  for,  as  indicated  by  the 
above  table,  74.6  per  cent  of  the  continental  immigrants  to  the  Do- 
minion came  from  southern  and  eastern  Europe  and  Syria.  But  even 
when  continental  Europe  is  considered  separately  it  will  be  seen  that 
there  is  a  considerable  racial  difference  in  the  composition  of  immi- 
gration to  Canada  and  to  the  United  States. 

There  is  an  even  more  striking  difference  in  the  composition  of 
European  immigration  to  Canada  and  to  the  United  States  for  the 
year  ending  March  31,  1908,  during  which  immigration  to  Canada 
reached  its  highest  point,  and  the  year  ending  June  30,  1907,  when  the 
greatest  immigration  to  the  United  States  was  recorded,  as  will  be 
seen  from  the  following  table : 

Table  11. —  Total  European  immigration,  including  Syrian,  to  Canada  and  to  the  United 

States  in  years  specified. 

I  Compiled  from  statistical  table  furnished  by  Canadian  immigration  department  and  f^om  reports  of 
United  States  Commissioner-General  of  Iiiunigration.] 


Country  of  arrival. 


Canada  (1908) 

United  States  (1907). 


Number  and  class. 


North  and 
west  Euro- 
pean and 
Icelandic. 


1.33, 1.36 

227,851 


Other  Eu- 
ropean, 

including 
Syrian. 


54,000 
971,  U)8 


Per  cent  of  total  Euro- 
pean immigration. 


North  and  Other  Eu- 

west  Euro-  j     ropean, 

pean  and  ;  including 

Icelandic,  i     Syrian. 


70.9 
19.0 


29.1 
81.0 


20  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

While  these  results  may  be,  and  doubtless  are,  due  m  part  to  the 
difference  in  policy  of  the  two  nations  whereby  Canada  encourages 
immigration  from  one  section  and  in  a  measure  discourages  it  from 
another,  while  the  United  States  makes  no  distinction  in  that  regard, 
it  is  altogether  probable  that  the  chief  reason  is  of  another  nature. 
A  large  proportion  of  the  immigrants  from  northern  antl  western 
Europe  are  primarily  seekers  after  land,  and  while  the  United  States 
was  able  to  present  that  attraction  such  immigrants  came  in  large 
numbers.  On  the  other  hand,  immigration  from  the  south  and  east 
of  Europe  is  essentially  industrial,  probably  because  of  the  fact  that 
since  immigration  from  that  section  began  the  demand  in  the  United 
States  has  been  for  industrial  workers.  In  Canada  the  situation  is 
exactly  reversed.  The  demand  for  industrial  workers  is  not  great, 
but  the  opportunities  for  agricultural  settlers  in  the  newly  develo])ed 
country  to  the  west  of  Ontario  are  widely  advertised,  and  northern 
Europeans  have  responded  as  they  did  when  similar  conditions 
existed  in  the  United  States. 

OCCUPATIONS    OF    IMMIGRANTS. 

In  an  official  pamphlet  intended  for  circulation  in  the  United  King- 
dom, farmers,  farm  laborers,  and  female  domestic  servants  are  men- 
tioned as  the  only  persons  the  Canatlian  immigration  department 
advises  to  emigi'ate  to  Canada.  All  others  are  advised  to  get  definite 
assurances  of  employment  in  Canada  before  leaving  home,  and  to 
have  money  enough  to  support  them  for  a  time  in  case  of  disappoint- 
ment.'^ The  pamphlet  referred  to  gives  specific  advice  to  persons  of 
various  occupations,  and  is  quoted  here  to  illustrate  how  the 
Canadian  government  attempts  to  promote  immigration  in  accord- 
ance with  the  needs  of  the  country,  and  also  to  show  the  means 
employed  to  acquaint  intended  British  emigrants  with  conditions  of 
employment  in  the  Dominion. 

Intending  agriculturists,  tenant  farmers,  farm  laborers,  market 
gardeners,  gardeners,  persons  understanding  the  care  of  horses,  cat- 
tle, and  sheep,  young  men  desiring  agricultural  experience,  and 
female  domestic  servants,  are  advised  to  emigrate  to  Canada,  and 
persons  with  capital  are  assured  that  unlimited  openings  are  ail'orded. 

On  the  other  hand  clerks,  draftsmen,  telegraph  operators,  shop 
assistants,  governesses,  nurses,  etc.,  are  admonished  not  to  emigrate 
unless  procecnling  to  assured  employment  or  to  join  friends. 

No  encouragement  is  held  out  to  professional  men,  especially  in 
cases  where  immediate  employment  is  desired,  and  schoolmasters  and 
teachers  are  warned  not  to  emigrate  on  the  chance  of  obtaining  a 
situation.  The  pamphlet  further  states  that  there  are  few  openings 
for  civil  engineers  and  architects  at  the  present  time,  but  that  the 
demand  for  assistant  surveyors  in  connection  with  new  railway  sur- 
veys is  good  and  likely  to  so  continue. 

How  successful  the  government  has  been  in  inducing  the  desired 
immigration,  so  far  as  the  occupations  of  immigrants  are  concerned, 
is  shown  by  the  following  table: 

a  "Classes  Wanted  in  Canada,"  issued  by  the  authority  of  the  Minister  of  the  Inte- 
rior, Ottawa,  Canada,  1909,  p.  31. 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 


21 


Table  12. — Occupation  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  including  accompanying  women  and 

children,  1907  to  1909. 

[Compiled  from  reports  of  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Canada.] 


Occupation. 

Northern 
and  western 
Europeans, 

including 
Icelanders. 

Southern 

and  eastern 

Europeans, 

including 

Syrians. 

United 
States. 

Chinese, 
Japanese, 

and 
Hindus. 

Other 
peoples. 

Total. 

60,992 
45, 882 
83,581 
8,035 
23, 503 
16, 987 
17, 939 

21,607 
48,045 
14, 799 
1,290 
2,740 
3,853 
4,556 

120,450 
14,606 

8,518 

2,542 

4,426 

329 

2,248 

2,747 

9,652 

287 

86 
3,  .599 

42 
2,341 

308 
4,732 
929 
369 
380 
807 
837 

206, 104 

122, 917 

Mechanics             

108, 114 

12, 322 

34,648 

Female  servants 

22,018 

27,921 

Total 

256,919 

96,890 

153,119 

18,754 

8,362 

534,044 

Of  the  total  immigration  to  Canada  during  the  years  mentioned 
38.6  per  cent  were  chxssed  as  farmers  or  farm  laborers,  which  classifi- 
cation, as  noted,  includes  accompanying  women  and  children.  It 
will  be  seen  that  the  United  States  was  the  chief  source  of  agricul- 
turists arriving  in  Canada  during  the  period,  58.4  per  cent  of  the 
total  number  being  from  that  country,  while  only  29.6  per  cent  of  the 
whole  came  from  northern  and  western  European  countries. 

As  noted  elsewhere,  the  present  movement  of  population  from 
the  United  States  to  Canada  is  largely  composed  of  farmers  and  farm 
laborers  and  their  families,  7^.7  per  cent  pf  the  total  during  the  ])eriod 
covered  by  the  above  table  being  so  classified.  In  tlie  same  three 
years  only  23.7  per  cent  of  the  immigration  from  northern  and  western 
European  countries  was  of  the  agricultural  class.  The  widely  dif- 
ferent character  of  immigration  from  the  two  sources  mentioned 
suggests  that  cities  furnish  the  greater  part  of  northern  and  western 
European  immigration  to  Canada  and  a  very  small  proportion  of  the 
immigration  from  the  United  States. 

The  occupations  entered  by  immigrants  after  arrival  in  Canada 
would  be  a  better  index  of  the  result  of  the  government's  efforts  to 
secure  permanent  settlers  for  the  land,  but  complete  statistical  data 
in  this  regard  are  not  available.  It  is  stated  in  a  general  way  in 
reports  of  Canadian  immigration  officials  that  the  great  majority  of 
immigrants  engage  in  agricultural  pursuits  either  as  farmers  or  farm 
laborers,  and  without  doubt  this  is  the  fact. 

While  it  is  impossible  to  state  accurately  how  largo  a  proportion 
of  immigrants  entering  Canada  engage  in  agricultural  pursuits,  some 
indication  of  this  is  furnished  by  the  records  of  free  land  entries  in 
western  Canada. 

HOMESTEAD    ENTRIES. 

From  July  1,  1900,  to  March  31,  1909,  235,690  homesteads  were 
entered  for  in  the  western  provinces,  and  of  this  number  156,261,  or 
more  than  66  per  cent,  represent  entries  by  immigrants,  practically 
all  of  whom  came  from  Europe  and  the  United  States.     According  to 


22 


THE   IMMIGKATIOlSr   SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 


the  record  the  average  number  of  persons  for  each  entry  was  2.5, 
and  therefore  390,654,  or  more  than  31  per  cent  of  the  total  immigra- 
tion to  Canada  during  the  period  specified,  were  involved.  This 
does  not  take  into  account  the  large  number  of  European  immigrants 
who  became  farm  laborers,  or  immigrants — particularly  from  the 
United  States — who  acquired  railway  and  other  land  by  purchase. 
The  fact  that  nearly  one-third  of  all  immigrants  become  agriculturists 
through  the  medium  of  free  lands  alone  supports  the  contention  that 
Canada's  efforts  in  this  regard  have  resulted  successfully. 

The  following  table  shows  the  distribution  of  the  156,261  home- 
stead entries  referred  to  among  various  immigrant  groups: 

Table  13. — Homcstmds  in  western  Canada  entered  for  hy  immigrants,  July  1,  1900,  to 
Mareh  31,  1909,  hy  race  or  country  of  immigrant. 

[Compiled  from  Immigration  Facts  and  Figures,  Canada,  1909,  and  statistical  table  on  p.  16.] 


Race  or  country. 


English 

Irish 

Scotch 

United  States 

Continental  Eiirope  *> 
All  others 

Total 


Total 
number 
of  immi- 
grants. 


0  377,801 

30, 1S4 

94,279( 

393, 908 

315, 151 

33,274 


1,244,597 


Immigrant  home- 
stead entries. 


Number. 


31,759 
2,947 
8,142 

70, 182 

43,231 


150,261 


Per  cent 

of  total 

immigrant 

entries. 


20.3 
1.9 
5.2 

44.9 


100.0 


Persons  involved  In 
homestead  entries. 


.Approxi- 
mate 
number. 


79, 398 

7,308 

20, 355 

175, 455 

108,078 


Per  cent 
of  immi- 
grants 
of  each 
race  or 
country. 


390,654 


21.0 
24.4 
21.  G 
44.5 
31.0 


a  Including  Welsh. 


b  Including  Icelandic  and  Syrian. 


There  is  a  striking  preponderance  of  homesteaders  among  immi- 
grants from  the  United  States  as  compared  with  those  from  other 
countries,  nearly  45  per  cent  of  the  former  being  of  that  class.  It 
will  be  noted  that  the  English  show  the  smallest  percentage  of  home- 
steaders of  any  class  of  immigrants  enumerated,  while  the  percentage 
among  immigrants  from  the  British  Isles,  as  a  whole,  is  considerably 
smaller  than  among  those  designated  under  "Continental  Europe" 
and  "All  others."  The  extent  to  which  United  States  immigrants 
have  contributed  to  the  settlement  of  western  Canada  is  shown  by 
the  fact  that  of  all  homestead  entries  made  by  immigrants  during  the 
period  considered,  nearly  45  per  cent  were  made  by  settlers  from  the 
United  States. 

The  relation  of  immigrant  entries  of  the  various  classes  to  the  total 
number  of  entries  made  during  the  time  specified  is  shown  by  the 
following  table: 


THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 


23 


T\BLE  14. —  Total  i»imi(/mnf  and  nonimmi(/raui  homrstcad  entries  in  western  Canada, 
July  1,  1900,  to  'March  SI,  1909. 

[Compiled  from  Immigration  Facts  and  Figures,  Canada,  1909.] 


Class  of  homestcadfrs. 


English 

Irish 

Scotch 

United  States 

Continental  E>iropf: 

All  others 

Total  immigrant 

Total  nonimmigrant 

Grand  total 


Total  immigrant 
and  nonimmi- 
grant homestead 
eulries. 


Number. 


.31,759 
2,947 
8, 142 

70, 182 

43,231 


15(1,201 
79, 429 


Per  cent 
of  total. 


13.5 
1.3 
3.5 

29.8 

18.3 


00.3 
33.7 


IRISH    IMMIGRATION. 


In  view  of  the  laro:e  increase  in  the  number  of  EngHsh  and  Scotch 
immigrants  to  CanatUi  in  recent  years,  it  is  noteworthy  that  Irish 
immigration  to  that  coimtr^^  is  comparatively  small.  In  1908  when 
the  movement  from  Europe  to  Canada  reached  its  greatest  height, 
it  included  only  6,547  Irishmen  to  91,412  English  and  Welsh  and 
22,223  Scotch,  and  in  the  nine  years  ending  March  31,  1909,  the  total 
Irish  immigration  was  only  30,184,  or  less  than  the  Galician,  Hebrew, 
or  Russian  immigration  to  Canada  for  the  same  period.  It  is  evident 
that  the  Irish  immigrant  prefers  the  United  States  to  Canada,  for 
during  the  nine  j^ears  ending  June  30, 1908, 337,812  persons  of  that  race 
landed  in  the  United  States.  This  tendency  is  peculiar  to  the  Irish, 
for  as  far  as  English  and  Scotch  immigration  is  concerned,  Canada  is 
a  successful  competitor  of  the  United  States,  as  will  be  seen  from  the 
following  table: 

T.\BLE  15. — Total  immigration  to  Canada  {nine  years  ending  March  31,  1909)  and  to  the 
United  States  {nine  years  ending  June  SO,  19()S)  from  Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 

[Compiled  from  statistical  table  on  p.  10  and  reports  of  United  States  Commissioner-General  of  Immi- 
gration.] 


Total  to 

Canada  and 

United 

States. 

Numbers  to— 

Per  cent  to— 

Race  or  people. 

Canada. 

United 

States. 

Canada. 

United 

States. 

098,634 
307,990 
188,311 

377,801 
30, 184 
94,279 

320,8.33 

337,812 

94,032 

54.1 

8.2 
50.1 

45.9 

Irish                                      

91.8 

Scotch 

49.9 

Total 

1,254,941 

502,204 

752, 077 

40.0 

60.0 

24  THE    IMMIGEATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  English  and  Welsh  and  the  Scotch  immi- 
gration to  Canada  has  been  somewhat  larger  than  that  to  the  United 
States  during  the  past  nine  years,  while  more  than  eleven  times  as 
many  Irish  immigrants  came  to  the  United  States  as  went  to  Canada 
during  that  time. 

The  relatively  small  Irish  immigration  to  Canada  as  compared 
with  the  immigration  of  other  Britons  to  that  country  can  not  be 
attributed  to  Canada's  lack  of  effort,  for  the  same  systematic  cam- 
paign to  secure  settlers  for  the  Dominion  is  carried  on  alike  in  Ireland, 
Scotland,  and  England.  Placards  displayed  in  the  Canadian  Exhibit 
at  the  Dublin  Exposition  in  1907  indicate  that  Canada  feels  the 
successful  competition  of  the  United  States  in  this  regard,  and 
attempts  to  turn  the  title  of  immigration  from  that  country  to  Canada. 

Following  are  some  of  the  placards  referred  to:  ^ 

One  of  the  greatest  surprises  to  United  States  farmers  settling  in  Canada  is  the 
absence  of  cyclones  and  drought  which  they  had  to  contend  with  in  their  own  country. 

If  it  is  your  intention  to  go  to  America,  remember  that  United  States  farmers  are 
going  to  Canada  in  great  numbers.  Canada  offers  to  settlers  better  inducements  than 
any  other  country  in  the  world. 

Canada  will  receive  you  with  open  arms  instead  of  imposing  on  you  an  alien  tax 
of  |4  per  head. 

It  may  be  asked:  "Why  do  you  use  the  great  number  of  United  States  farmers 
going  to  western  Canada  as  one  of  your  principal  advertisements?  "  Because  it  was 
this  movement  that  woke  up  the  people  of  the  British  Isles  to  the  great  possibilities 
of  western  Canada.  Moreover,  Canadians  themselves  only  commenced  through  that 
great  movement  of  United  States  fanners  to  appreciate  the  value  of  their  own  country. 

T.  P.  O'Connor,  esq.,  says  in  "P.  T.  O.",  March  9,  1907:  "No  fewer  than  a  quarter 
of  a  million  of  Americans  are  expected  to  reach  Canada  from  these  regions  within  the 
present  year.  And  all  the  people  who  do  go  to  western  Canada  are  enthusiastic  in 
their  praises  of  the  resources,  the  possibilities,  the  climate  of  the  country.  The  old 
legend  that  you  could  find  nothing  there  but  arctic  cold  is  exploded;  you  find,  on  the 
contrary,  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  temperate  climates  in  the  world,  and  j)eople 
are  growing  rich  almost  overnight.  Such  is  the  demand  for  land;  such  is  the  immense 
migration." 

A  picture  was  displayed  purporting  to  represent  Nebraska  farmers 
bound  for  Canada.  In  explanation  of  the  illustration  was  the 
following  legend : 

This  picture  is  reproduced  from  a  photograph  taken  in  Nebraska  showing  a  large 
number  of  United  States  farmers  moving  to  Canada. 

Boy:  I  say,  father,  are  we  going  to  be  Canadians  when  we  get  to  Canada? 

Father:  Well,  my  boy,  from  what  I  have  seen  of  that  country,  its  rich  lands,  big 
crops,  and  where  the  people  make  their  own  laws  and  live  up  to  them,  to  my  mind 
it  is  a  mighty  good  country  to  belong  to. 

Notwithstanding  the  efforts  of  Canada,  however,  the  United  States 
is  still  the  choice  of  more  than  90  per  cent  of  the  Irish  immigrants 
landing  in  North  America. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  in  this  connection  that  the  foreign-born 
Irish  element  in  the  population  of  Canada  has  decreased  steadily 
and  ra})idly  in  recent  years.  This  is  also  true  of  the  Irish-born 
population  of  the  United  States  from  1S90  to  1900,  but  the  downward 
movement  began  later  than  in  Canada,  and  the  decrease  has  been 
relatively  smaller.  The  following  table  illustrates  the  movement  of 
Irish-born  persons  in  Canada  and  the  United  States  at  recent  census 
periods : 

o Commissioner  William  R.  Wheeler's  memoranda  on  inveetigation  in  Ireland. 


THE   IMMIGEATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 


25 


Table  16. — Population  of  Irish  birth  in  Canada  and  the  United  States  in  census  years 

specified. 

[Compiled  from  the  Canada  Year  Book,  1908,  and  the  United  States  census  reports.] 


Canada. 

United  States. 

Census  year — 

Popula- 
tion of 
Irish 
birth. 

Increase 
(  +  )or 
decrease 
( — )  over 
preceding 
census. 

Popula- 
tion of 
Irish 
birth. 

Increase 
(  +  )or 
decrea.se 
(  — )  over 
preceding 
census. 

1870 

1,855,827 

1871 

219,451 

1880 

1,854,571 

—  0  1 

1881 V 

ia5,526 

-10. 1 

1S90 

1,871,.'509 

+      9 

1S91   

149, 184 

-19.0 

1900 

1,618,567 

—  13  5 

1901 

101,029             — .■^1-9 

It  seems  improbable  that  the  marked  decrease  in  the  Irish-born 
popuhition  of  Canada  from  1S71  to  1901  was  entirely  due  to  death, 
and,  although  no  reliable  data  upon  the  subject  are  available,  it  may 
fairly  be  presumed  that  Irish  emigration  from  Canada  to  the  United 
States  has  been  a  factor  in  producing  the  result  indicated.  The  table 
shows,  however,  that  even  in  the  United  States  there  was  a  consider- 
able downward  movement  in  the  foreign-born  Irish  population 
between  1890  and  1900. 

JUVENILE    IMMIGRATION. 

The  immigration  of  poor  and  homeless  British  children  to  Canada 
began  many  years  ago,  and  is  now  encouraged  and  supervised,  but 
not  otherwise  assisted,  by  the  Dominion  government.  This  juvenile 
immigration  is  chiefly  recruited  from  the  orphan  or  industrial  homes 
of  the  British  Isles.  The  children  are  sent  to  Canada  by  charitable 
and  religious  organizations,  and  are  there  distributed  through  various 
philanthropic  homes  and  agencies.  The  majority  of  such  children 
are  placetl  in  the  families  of  farmers,  and  the  demand  for  them  far 
exceeds  the  supply.  It  is  estimated  that  during  the  last  fifty  j^ears 
nearly  60,000  juvenile  immigrants  have  been  transported  to  Canada 
from  the  British  Isles.'* 

The  extent  of  this  movement  in  recent  years  and  also  the  extent 
of  the  demand  for  the  immigrant  children  ])y  Canadians  are  shown 
in  the  following  table: 

Table  17. — Juvenile  immigration  to  Canada,  and  application  by  Canadians  for  such 

immigrants,  1901  to  1909. 

[Compiled  from  report  of  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Canada,  1909.]      , 


Fiscal  j'oar — 

Juvenile 
immigrants 
admitted. 

Applica- 
tions ro- 
ceived. 

1901 

977 
1,540 
1,979 
2,212 
2, 814 
3,258 
1,455 
2,375 
2,424 

5,783 

8,587 
14,219 

1902 

1903 

1904 

16,  573 

1905 

17  833 

19(W 

19,374 
15,800 

1907  (9  months) 

1908 

17,239 

1909 

15  417 

Total 

19, 034 

130  S25 

a  Report  of  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Canada,  1909,  p. 


26  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

It  is  said  that  there  formerly  existed  in  Canada  a  deep-rooted  pre- 
judice against  such  juvenile  immigration,  but  that  this  has  almost 
entirely  disappeared  and  there  is  now  a  great  demand  for  these 
children.  The  foregoing  table  seems  to  fully  substantiate  the  latter 
statement.  According  to  official  reports,  the  children  are  especially 
trained  in  the  British  industrial  and  philanthropic  homes  with  a  view 
to  their  final  emigration  to  Canada.  They  are  not,  however,  sent 
there  against  their  will. 

Upon  landing  in  Canada  the  children  are  placed  in  receiving  and 
distributing  homes,  located  in  different  parts  of  the  Dominion,  and 
remain  there  until  indentured  to  farmers  or  others.  The  guardian- 
ship of  the  home  over  the  children  is  continued  to  a  greater  or  less 
degree  until  a  period  of  apprenticeship  is*  passed,  and  the  children 
are  taught  to  rely  on  the  homes  for  advice  and  assistance.  Agents 
of  the  homes  visit  the  indentured  children  periodically.  In  turn  the 
Canadian  government  exercises  supervision  over  the  receiving  and 
distributing  homes  and,  in  a  manner,  looks  after  the  welfare  of  the 
children  in  their  foster  homes.  This  work  is  carried  on  under  the 
direction  of  an  official  designated  as  chief  insjDector  of  British  immi- 
grant children  and  receiving  homes. 

ASSISTED    IMMIGRATION. 

In  addition  to  the  juvenile  immigration  elsewhere  referred  to, 
Canada  annually  receives  a  considerable  number  of  British,  and 
particularly  English,  immigrants,  who,  by  private  charity  or  state 
aid,  have  been  sent  from  the  mother  country.  ITntil  last  year  the 
Canadian  government  had  practically  no  part  in  the  selection  of  such 
immigrants  abroad,  and  as  a  result  many  were  rejected  at  Canadian 
ports  or  deported  after  landing.  In  1 908  Mr.  J.  Bruce  Walker,  assistant 
superintendent  of  emigration  for  Canada  in  London,  made  a  report 
upon  the  activities  of  the  various  philanthroj^ic  and  charitable 
societies  engaged  in  promoting  emigration  to  Canada.  Because  of  the 
general  interest  of  the  subject,  this  report  is  printed  in  full  elsewhere." 
According  to  the  report  12,336  persons  were  sent  to  Canada  in  the 
calendar  year  1907  by  London  charitable  societies  alone.  As  immi- 
gi-ation  to  Canada  is  recorded  by  fisTal  rather  than  calendar  years, 
it  is  impossible  to  exactly  com})are  the  number  of  assisted  immigrants 
with  the  total  immigration  for  any  stated  period;  but  it  is  interesting 
to  note  that  the  above  number  is  equal  to  nearl}^  30  per  cent  of  the 
total  English  immigration  to  Canada  in  the  fiscal  period  of  nine  months 
ending  March  31,  1907,  or  more  than  13  per  cent  of  such  immigration 
in  the  fiscal  year  ending  ]\Iarch  31,  190S.  These  figures  do  not  include 
state-aided  and  rate-aided  immigrants,  which  classes  are  described  in 
Mr.  Walker's  report  as  follows: 

These  are  the  products  of  the  distress  committees  and  of  the  workhouses.  The 
distress  committees  are  bodies  in  large  centers  of  population,  permitted  under  the 
terms  of  the  unemployed  workmen's  act  to  levy  a  small  rate  as  a  tax  upon  the  public 
for  the  emigration  and  for  provision  by  employment,  or  otherwise,  of  the  unemployed 
in  such  communities.  *  *  *  The  distress  committees  usually  operate  through 
some  recognized  booking  agency,  providing  the  fares  for  the  transportation,  and  leav- 
ing such  booking  agency  to  provide  the  employment  on  the  Canadian  side.  There 
is  no  supei'vision  of  an  official  character  exercised  over  these  emigrants. 

«  Appendix  F. 


THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  27 

No  data  are  available  relative  to  the  number  of  state-aided  and 
rate-aided  emigrants  sent  to  Canada. 

The  (general  charaeter  of  emi<2;rants  assisted  to  leave  England  by 
the  various  agencies  above  mentioned  is  stated  in  the  report  referred 

to. 

Mr.  Walker's  report  resulted  in  prompt  action  by  the  Canadian 
government,  for  on  April  IS,  1908,  there  became  effective  an  order 
m  council  which  prohibited  the  landing  in  Canada  of  any  person 
whose  passage  had  been  paid  wholly  or  in  part  by  any  charitalde 
organization  or  out  of  public  moneys  unless  the  emigration  to  Canada 
of  such  ]ierson  had  been  approved  by  the  Canadian  emigraticni 
authorities  in  London."  Tliis  action  on  the  part  of  tlie  governoi-  in 
council  affords  another  illustration  of  the  adaptability  of  the  Canadian 
immiirration  act  to  meet  emergencies. 


o  Appendix  G,  No.  I. 


Chapter  II. 

IMMIGRATION  TO  CANADA  FROM  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

For  many  years  Canatla  has  made  persistent  and  systematic  effort 
to  promote  emigration  from  the  United  States  to  the  Dominion. 
That  the  propaganda  has  resulted  successfully  is  indicated  by  the 
fact  that  during  the  period  from  July  1,  1901,  to  March  31,  1909,  the 
United  States  led  all  other  countries  in  the  number  of  immigrants 
furnished  to  Canada.  England  and  Wales  combined  was  the  nearest 
competitor  in  this  regard,  as  will  be  seen  from  the  general  statistical 
table  on  page  16. 

RECENT    IMMIGRATION. 

The  contribution  of  the  countries  mentioned  to  Canadian  immigra- 
tion during  the  period  specified  as  compared  with  all  other  countries 
is  shown  b}"  the  following  table : 

Table  IS. —  Total  immigration  to  Canada,  1901  to  1909,  hy  rare  or  country. 
[Compiled  from  statistical  table  furnished  by  the  Canadian  immigration  department.] 


Race  or  country. 


Total  Im-     Per  cent 
migration,    of  total. 


English  and  Welsh. 

United  States 

All  others 

Total 


377,801 
393,908 

472, 8S8 


1,244,597 


30.4 
31.6 
38.0 


The  importance  of  the  United  States  as  a  field  for  immigration  effort 
b}^  Canada  is  clearl}'  understood  when  it  is  considered  that  in  recent 
years  nearly  one-third  of  the  total  immigration  into  the  Dominion 
came  from  the  States.  Moreover,  the  class  of  immigrants  furnished 
by  this  country  is,  according  to  Canadian  officials,  just  the  class  tie- 
sired  to  accomplish  the  government's  purpose  of  developing  the 
agricultural  and  other  resources  of  western  Canada. 

How  the  campaign  to  induce  emigration  from  the  United  States  is 
conducted  is  shown  in  the  following  extract  from  the  annual  report 
for  190S  of  Mr.  W.  J.  TVliite,  inspector  of  agencies  and  press  agent, 
who  directs  the  Canadian  propaganda  in  this  country :« 

There  is  not  a  State  in  the  Union  in  which  Canada  is  not  advertised.  The  offices 
of  the  government  are  located  in  the  best  agricultural  sections,  with  a  view  to  being 
in  easy  touch  with  the  surrounding  country  so  as  to  make  it  possible  for  the  agents  to 

a  Report  of  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Canada,  1908,  pp.  86-88. 
28 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA,  29 

cover  their  respective  districts  with  the  least  trouble.     The  uOices  are  located  as 
follows: 

M.  V.  Mclnnes,  Sixth  Avenue  Theater  Block,  Detroit,  Mich. 

C.  A.  Laurier,  Marquette,  Mich. 

Jas.  N.  Grieve,  S])okane,  Wash. 

J.  S.  Crawford,  125  West  Ninth  street,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

T.  O.  Currie,  U)S  Third  street,  second  ilonr,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

J.  ]\I.  McLachlan,  box  G20,  Watertown,  S.  Dak. 

E.  T.  Holmes,  315  Jackson  street,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

W.  V.  P.ennett,  215  Board  of  Trade  Biiiidinii,  Omaha,  Nebr 

Cha."^.  Pillin?,  Clifford  Block,  Grand  Forks,  N.  Dak. 

H.  M.  Williams,  413  Gardner  Buildin-^,  Toledo,  Ohio. 

C.  J.  Brou^hton,  412  Merchants'  Loan  and  Trust,  Chicago. 

Benj.  Davies,  room  6,  Dunn  Block,  Great  Falls,  Mont. 

W.  n.  Rogers,  31G  Traction-Terminal  Building,  Indianapolis. 

Thos.  Iletherington,  73  Tremont  street,  Boston. 

Thos.  Duncan,  30  Syracuse  Bank  Building,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

Geo.  A.  Hall,  210  House  Building,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
The  work  of  these  agents  is  very  much  the  same  in  character.  At  almost  all  the 
offices  there  are  one  or  two  assistants,  whose  duty  it  is  to  look  after  the  correspondence, 
issue  the  certificate  which  entitles  the  applicant  to  the  reduced  rates  afforded  by 
the  Canadian  railroads  to  the  actual  settler,  and  give  to  the  caller  all  available  infor- 
mation. At  the  end  of  the  week  the  assistant  keys  the  letters  received  according  to 
post-oflices  and  districts.  The  agent  then  selects  the  district  that  he  should  visit 
during  the  next  or  coming  weeks  and  advises  one  or  more  of  the  correspondents  that 
he  will  meet  them  and  their  friends  at  some  given  place  on  a  set  date,  or  if  this  is  not 
possible,  when  necessary  he  visits  the  individual  correspondent.  lie  carries  with 
him  samples  of  the  grains  and  grasses  of  central  Canada,  has  with  him  a  supi)ly  of 
literature,  and  quotes  rates  from  their  home  to  such  a  point  in  western  Canada  as 
they  may  desire  to  go  to.  He  a.ssists  the  intending  settler  by  securing  him  the  lowest 
freight  rates  for  his  stock  and  effects,  ad\'ises  him  the  best  way  in  which  to  get  cars, 
and  afterwards  follows  the  course  of  the  car  to  its  destination.  Very  often  the  male 
members  of  the  family  move  in  advance  of  those  dependent.  When  this  occurs  it  is 
the  duty  of  the  agent  to  assist  the  family  in  every  way  possible  in  order  to  get  a  start. 
During  the  fall  of  the  year  exhibits  of  grain  and  grasses,  roots,  vegetables,  etc., 
with  which  the  agent  has  supplied  himself,  are  taken  from  fair  to  fair  and  tastefully 
arranged,  then  the  agent's  time  is  pretty  well  occupied  in  this  way  for  from  two  to 
three  months.  A  chain-letter  system  is  adopted,  which  is  very  effective^  in  getting 
the  names  of  those  in  a  neighborhood  who  would  likely  be  interested  in  Canada. 
To  the  names  thus  secured  literature  and  circulars  are  sent,  and  it  is  surprising  the 
amount  of  eft'ective  work  that  is  done  in  this  way.  It  is  sometimes  the  case  that  the 
manner  in  which  one  State  may  be  worked  will  differ  from  another  State.  In  each 
case,  however,  the  agents  keep  me  advised  as  to  what  they  feel  is  the  best  course  to 
pursue,  and  I  am  always  prepared  to  accept  and  act  upon  such  suggestions  as  may 
be  safely  adopted.  In  some  cases  it  is  found  that  the  management  of  a  fair  does  not 
care  to  allow  our  exhibits  to  be  placed,  but  these  cases  are  so  rare  that  it  is  scarcely 
necessary  to  refer  to  them.  In  most  cases  there  is  no  difficulty  whatever  in  securing 
space,  and  in  others  managements  have  requested  that  we  exhibit,  offering  a  space 
free  of  charge.  Generally,  however,  we  rent  a  space  in  some  building,  and  sometimes, 
unable  to  do  this,  ground  space  is  rented.  On  this  ground  a  temporary  structure  is 
sometimes  erected,  and  in  other  cases  a  tent  is  secured  in  which  exhibits  are  placed. 
It  is  often  necessary,  in  order  to  interest  people  in  a  certain  district,  to  secure  the 
assistance  of  one  or  two  or  more  responsible  men.  Various  ways  are  adoj^ted  in  order 
to  do  this.  One  of  the  best  methods  is  to  secure  transportation  for  these  j^eople  and 
send  them  through  to  our  western  ])rovinces  to  report  to  their  friends.  The  agent 
fills  up  his  report  very  carefully,  and  in  this  way  gets  in  touch  with  a  good  class  of 
people.  Again,  parties  are  accompanied  as  far  as  the  boundary  line,  as  there  is  a 
possibility  that  in  passing  through  some  of  the  Western  States  towns  some  of  the  people 
who  may  have  been  directed  by  the  efforts  of  local  agents  to  Canada  may  become 
interested  in  American  lands. 

I  referred  in  my  last  report  to  the  inducements  held  out  by  Texas  land  agents. 
The  railroad  rates  from  St.  Paul,  Chicago,  Des  Moines,  Omaha,  Kansas,  Indianapolis, 
and  other  points  to  Texas  lands  w' ere  much  lower  than  those  to  Canada.  The  Western 
Passenger  Association,  however,  has  adjusted  this,  so  that  the  rates  are  now  rnore 
even;  therefore  some  of  this  difficulty  has  been  overcome.  There  is  still  opposition, 
and  considerable  of  it  is  owing  to  the  fact  that  Texas  lands  are  reasonably  low  in  price 
and  an  army  of  agents  are  at  work  throughout  the  country  setting  forth  the  advantages 
in  Texas  from  a  settler's  standpoint. 


30  THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA, 

Besides  the  inducements  held  out  by  landowners  in  Texas,  those  offered  by  holders 
in  Colorado,  Montana,  Wyomino;,  and  South  Dakota  were  sufficient  to  arouse  a  dis- 
tiu-bing  sentiment  amongst  possible  movers  and  divert  the  attention  of  land  seekers. 
These  lands  do  not  carry  the  advantages  that  Canadian  lands  do,  but  the  desire  to 
keep  within  one's  own  country  is  something  that  is  hard  to  overcome.  There  is  the 
wish  to  know  what  it  has  to  offer  before  going  outside.  It  is  true  that  Canada  has 
the  ''last  best  west,"  but  there  is  sufficient  of  the  American  west  (whatever  the  char- 
acter of  the  land  may  be)  to  keep  the  department  and  its  corps  of  agents  busy  in  the 
presentation  of  the  superior  advantages  and  opportunities  afforded  by  Canada. 

In  addition  to  the  salaried  agents  mentioned  above,  the  Canadian 
immigration  department  is  represented  in  the  United  States  by  a  large 
number  of  subagents  in  different  parts  of  the  country,  who,  as  pre- 
viously stated,  are  paid  a  bonus  of  $3  per  man,  S2  per  woman,  and  $1 
per  child  on  bona  fide  settlers  induced  by  them  to  settle  in  western  Can- 
ada." Extensive  newspaper  advertising  is  one  of  the  chief  features 
of  the  Canadian  campaign  in  the  United  States.  Concerning  this 
Mr.  White  says:** 

The  country  weekly  and  the  farm  journals  are  the  principal  mediums  used.  It  is 
found  that  they  reach  the  class  of  people  mostly  desirable  as  settlers.  The  city  daily 
and  magazine  have  not  been  used  to  any  extent,  nut  being  fuund  as  valuable  for  reach- 
ing the  farming  i^ublic  as  the  others  just  mentioned.  Nearly  7,000  newspapers  were 
contracted  with. 

In  recent  years  the  Canadian  authorities  have  encouraged  tours 
of  inspection  through  western  Canada  by  United  States  editorial 
associations  and  newspaper  writers  generally,  and  Canadian  rail- 
ways have  cooperated  in  making  such  tours  practicable.  As  a 
result  articles  and  ecHtorials  relating  to  Canada  have  appeared  in 
many  newspapers  in  different  parts  of  the  country.  It  is  stated  that 
the  publicity  gained  by  this  method  has  materially  aided  Canadian 
agents  in  the  campaign  to  induce  emigration  to  Canada  from  the 
United  States. 

Concerning  the  methods  employed,  and  the  success  of  Canada's 
immigration  propaganda  in  tlie  United  States,  Mr.  White  says:'' 

It  has  not  been  considered  advisable  to  make  any  changes  in  the  method  of  adver- 
tising. The  plan  adopted  in  the  early  stages  of  the  work,  which  has  brought  the  num- 
ber of  settlers  up  from  less  than  1,000  to  nearly  (iO.OOO  in  the  si)ace  of  nine  years,  has 
been  considered  good  enough  to  adhere  to.  No  other  plan  can  be  submitted  that  would 
be  more  effective. 

Mr.  White's  reference  to  the  growth  of  immigration  to  Canada  from 
the  United  States  is  practically  substantiated  by  statistics,  as  appears 
from  the  following  statement  showing  such  immigration  since  Janu- 
ary 1,  1897  :<= 

1897 2,  412 

1898 9,119 

1899 11,945 

1900  (6  months  ending  June  30) 8,  543 

1901 18,055 

1902 26,  4(;i 

1903 49,473 

1904 45,229 

1905 43, 052 

1906 - 57,  919 

1907  (9  months  ending  March  31) 34,  748 

1908 58,445 

1909 59,926 

a  Immigration  Facts  and  Figures,  Canada,  1909. 

b  Report  of  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Canada,  1906,  p.  79. 

c  Immigration  Facts  and  Figures,  Canada,  1909,  and  statistical  table  on  p.  16. 


THE   IMMIGRATIOIS"    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 


31 


Few  data  are  available  showing  the  racial  eompositioii  of  the  emi- 
gration movement  from  the  United  States  to  Canada.  CanaiHan 
official  reports  indicate  that  a  considerable  proportion  of  the  emijjrants 
from  the  middle  western  States  are  Germans,  Scandiiumans,  Finns, 
and  others  of  non-Enji;lisli  si)ealving  races  who  had  pre\dously  come 
to  the  United  States  as  immigrants.  Canada  has  made  special  effort 
to  induce  former  Canachans,  and  particularly  French-Canachans,  to 
repatriate  tliemselves,  with  some  measure  of  success.  It  is,  never- 
theless, jjrobable  that  the  majority  of  those  composing  the  movement 
to  Canaila  are  native-born  American  farmers,  who,  through  the  Cana- 
dian pro})aganda,  are  attracted  to  the  Dominion  by  the  o{)})ortunity 
to  secure  free  or  cheap  lands.  Many  of  the  emigrants  thsj)ose  of  their 
land  or  other  })roi)erty  in  the  United  States  before  emigrating,  and 
Canadian  officials  estimate  that  in  the  fiscal  year  1909  the  United 
States  immigrants  brought  to  Canada,  in  stock,  cash,  and  efl'ects, 
uinvards  of  .SGO,0()(),000." 

As  already  stated,  the  middle  western  States  are  the  chief  source 
of  the  emigration  to  Canada.  Data  covering  any  considerable  period 
of  time  are  not  available,  but  the  following  table  will  show  which 
States  were  the  largest  contributors  to  the  movement  in  the  fiscal 
years  1907  to  1909:' 

Table  19 — Emigration  from  the   United  States  to  Canada,  Jiihj  1,  1UU6,  to  March. n, 

19U9,  by  States. 

(Compiled  from  statistics  furnished  by  Department  of  the  Interior,  Canada.] 


State. 

Nine  months 

ending  Mar. 

31, 1907. 

Fiscal  year  ending- 

Total. 

Mar.  31,1908. 

Mar.  31, 1909. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

1,543 

1,909 

045 

1,221 

5,080 

744 

620 

6, 121 

567 

317 

1,041 

3,580 

1,078 

9,082 

3,914 
3,606 
1,012 
2, 257 
9,763 
1,247 
1,  476 

12,  009 
639 
822 
1,413 
4,208 
2,458 

12,901 

2, 000 
2,594 
1,775 
2, 009 
7,349 
831 
3,247 

10, 573 
1,091 
1,097 
1.133 
7,917 
1,880 

15, 704 

8,123 
8, 109 
3,432 
5,547 

22, 792 
2, 822 
5,  .343 

29, 303 
2,297 
2,230 
3,587 

15, 705 
5,410 

38,347 

5.3 

5.3 

2.2 

3.6 

14.9 

1.8 

New  York 

3.5 

North  Dakota     . 

19.1 

1.5 

1.5 

2.3 

Wasliington 

10.3 

3.5 

Otliers               

2o.0 

Total                   

34,  748 

5S, 445 

59,920 

153, 119 

100.0 

Probably  no  other  considerable  movement  of  population  from  one 
country  to  another  at  the  present  time  is  so  largely  composed  of 
agricultural  people  as  is  the  emigration  from  the  United  States  to 
Canada.  As  shown  by  the  table  on  page  21,  120,450,  or  more  than 
78  per  cent  of  the  total  number  going  to  Canada  in  1907,  1908,  and 
1909,  were  classed  as  farmers  or  farm  laborers,  which  includes,  also, 
accompanying  members  of  families,  while  less  than  23  per  cent  of 
all  other  immigrants  to  Canada  during  the  same  period  were  of  those 
classes.  Of  the  races  coming  to  the  United  States  as  immigrants 
during  the  fiscal  3-ears  1899  to  1908,  inclusive,  the  percentage  of 
farmers  and  farm  laborers  was  highest  among  the  Roumanians, 
it  being  55.8  par  cent  of  the  total  immigration  of  that  race,  while 


"Report  of  Superiiuciulcnt  of  Immigration,  Canada,  1909,  p.  80. 


32 


THE    IMMIGEATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 


among  all  immigrants  to  the  United  States  in  that  period  the  per- 
centage of  farmers  and  farm  laborers  was  16."  United  States  sta- 
tistics relative  to  occupations  of  immigrants,  however,  do  not 
include  accompanying  women  and  children.  It  is  probably  true 
that  the  great  majority  of  immigrants  to  the  United  States  change 
occupation  in  coming  here,  the  opportunity  to  do  so  being  the  main 
incentive  to  their  immigration.  The  movement  from  the  United 
States  to  Canada  differs  in  this  regard,  however,  for,  like  earlier 
migrations  westward  in  the  States,  it  is  largely  a  movement  from 
farm  to  farm,  which  m  this  instance  means  removal  to  a  foreign 
country.  While  the  Canadian  immigration  proj^aganda  in  the  United 
States  is  by  no  means  confmed  to  the  agricultural  classes,  practically 
the  only  inducement  offered  to  all  classes  is  free  or  cheap  land,  and 
probably  the  majority  of  the  general  laborers,  mechanics,  etc.,  who 
emigrate  to  Canada  enter  agricultural  pursuits. 

HOMESTEAD    ENTRIES. 

Nearly  45  per  cent  of  the  immigrants  from  the  United  States  to 
Canatia  from  1900  to  1909  were  homesteaders,  and  they  made 
70,182  free  homestead  entries,  or  29.8  per  cent  of  the  total  number 
of  such  entries  made  in  the  western   Provinces  during  that  period.'' 

In  the  year  ending  December  31,  1909,  a  total  of  11,976  free  home- 
stead entries  were  inatle  in  Canada  by  persons  coming  from  the  United 
States.  The  distribution  of  these  entries  according  to  the  State  or 
Territory  from  which  the  homesteaders  emigrated  is  shown  by  the 
following  table: 

Table  20. — Number  of  homestead  entries  made  in  Canada  by  immigrants  from  the  United 

States,  by  States  and  Territories,  calendar  year  1909. 

[Compiled  from  statistics  furnished  by  the  Canadian  Department  of  the  Interior.] 


State  or  Territory. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Total. 

1 
1 
2 

""'3' 

1 
2 

1 
1 
7 
4 

1 

1 

3 

Alaska 

1 

1 
1 
3 
10 
1 
3 

...... 

1 
13 
3 

8 

1 

1 
1 

1 

2 

1 
1 

1 
1 
8 
3 

""& 

11 

Arizona 

7 

California 

3 
1 

1 
1 

7 
1 

10 
3 
2 

5 
2 

18 
3 

95 

22 

Connwticut 

7 

Florida 

2 

1 

4 

Georgia 

2 
20 
51 
19 
60 
19 
2 
1 
5 

2 

Idaho    . 

i 

5 
3 
6 
5 

4 
3 

2 

16 
3 

11 
18 

7 

34 
14 

2 

9 
33 
35 
53 
19 

1 

18 
30 
9 
45 
8 
2 

26 
29 
14 
33 
17 
1 
1 

14 

38 
20 
49 
18 
6 
1 
4 

26 
40 
15 
44 
15 
3 

"    'e' 

is 

49 

28 
90 
22 
13 
1 
5 

40 
21 
18 
51 
15 
2 

ii 

26 
6 

21 
5 
2 

195 

Illinois 

343 

Indiana 

176 

Iowa 

602 

Kansas 

160 

34 

Louisiana 

4 

1 
2 

4 
35 
138 
22 
15 
13 

3 

2 

6 

81 

243 

18 

23 

26 

1 

1 

29 

Maryland 

4 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

1 
Ifi 
57 
3 
2 
4 

1 
21 

68 

1 
8 
5 

12 
51 
221 

21 

18 

9 

55 

256 

13 

22 

7 

11 

59 

220 

8 

23 

14 

1 

3 

14 
42 
155 
16 
37 
12 

8 
75 
154 
28 
15 
10 

4 

79 

229 

38 

18 

25 

1 

4 

3 

"26' 

4 

330 

21 

6 

30 

10 

7 

55 

238 

11 

39 

11 

3 

3 

2 
42 
110 

1 
11 

9 

79 
611 

Minnesota.. 

2,089 
163 

Montana 

234 

154 

Nevada 

5 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 
1 

1 
262 
21 

4 
14 
11 

0 

3 
...... 

14 

3 

230 

21 

12 

18 

10 

1 

20 
5 

New  Mexico 

1 
25 

3 

561 

22 

7 
17 

8 

1 
22 

....^. 

3 

4 

2 

12 

29 
1 
463 
22 
10 
26 
9 

17 

331 
9 
12 
14 

6 
1 

19 

"647' 
4 
13 
18 
9 
1 

179 

North  Carolina 

16 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

159 
2 
I 
6 
1 
1 

190 
4 
3 

1 
3 

291 
12 
12 
6 

7 

626 
12 
14 
10 
17 

221 
5 

9 

7 
6 

4,311 
155 

Oklahoma. 

103 

167 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

97 
6 

oReports  of  United  States  Commissioner-General  of  Immigration. 


&  See  tables,  pp.  22  and  23. 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 


33 


Table  20. —  Number  of  homestead  entries  made  in  Canada  by  immigrants  from  the  United 
States,  by  States  and  Territories,  calendar  year  1909 — Continued. 


State  or  Territory.     Jan.    Feb.    Mar.    Apr.    May.  June.  July.   Aug.  Sept.    Oct.    Nov.   Dec.    Total. 


South  Carolina 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia 

WiseonsHi 

Wyoming ,. 


Total 342  I    392 


813    1,396    1,015    1,401    1,344 


47 

68 

1 

4 

5 

3 

2 

981 


1,308    1,463 


68 

31 

5 

1 

4 

2 

1 

1 

94 

25 

5 

1 

51 

26 

3 

594 


2 

621 

26 

28 

35 

10 

3 

629 

26 

554 

39 


It  w411  be  seen  from  the  foreo^oing  table  that  every  State  and  Ter- 
ritory in  tlie  Union,  except  I)ehiware  and  Mssissippi,  was  repre- 
sented, but  that  more  than  one-half  of  the  total  number  of  entries 
were  made  l)y  emigrants  from  North  Dakota  and  Minnesota.  During 
the  month  of  January,  1910,  978  homestead  entries  were  rnade  in 
Canada  by  immigrants  from  the  United  States,  as  compared  with  342 
entries  ])y  such  immigrants  in  January,  1909. 

It  is  linnecessaiT  to  comment  on  the  importance  of  immigrants 
from  the  United  States  as  factors  in  developing  the  agricultural  re- 
sources of  Canada.  Numerically  they  already  form  a  considerable 
part  of  the  ))()pulation  of  the  western  Provinces,  and,  acconling  to 
Canadian  officials,  their  experience  and  training  in  agricultural  pur- 
suits, gained  in  the  United  States,  are  of  great  value  to  the  Dominion. 

EARLIER    IMMIGRATION, 

Reliable  data  relative  to  the  emigration  movement  from  the  United 
States  to  Canada  j)iior  to  1901  are  not  available.  The  Canadian  cen- 
sus returns,  however,  shed  some  light  upon  the  cjuestion  as  far  as 
natives  of  the  United  States  are  concerned,  by  revealing  the  number 
of  such  persons  in  Canada  in  the  census  years  1871,  1881,  1891,  and 
1901,  as  shown  by  the  following  table: 

Table  21. — Xatives  of  United  States  in  Canada  in  census  years  1S71  to  1901,  by 

Provinces. 

[Compiled  from  the  Canada  Year  Book,  1908.] 


1871. 

1881. 

1891. 

1901. 

Number. 

Increase. 

Number. 

Increase. 

Number. 

Increase. 

British  Columbia . 

(«) 

C) 

4.088 

2,2.39 
43, 40(; 

C) 
14,714 

C) 

2,295 

1,654 

5,108 

3,004 

45,  .5.52 

609 

19,415 

116 

Per  cent. 

6,567 
3,063 
4,278 
3,238 

42,702 
582 

18,524 
1,961 

Per  cent. 

186.1 

,   8.5.2 

6  16.2 

7.8 

6  6.3 

6  4.4 

6  4.6 

1,590.5 

17, 164 
6,922 
5,477 
4,394 

44,175 
764 

28,405 

13,877 
6,721 

Per  cent. 
161.4 

Manitoba                         . .  . 

126.-0 

New  Brunswick 

25.0 

34.2 

4.9 

28.0 

35.7 

Ontario 

3.4 

Prince  Edward  Island 

31.3 

31.9 

5.3.3 

The  territories  c 

607.6 

Total. 

64,447 

11,1  Si 

20.6 

80, 915 

4.1 

127,899 

58.1 

a  Census  not  taken  in  1871. 

6  Decrea.se. 

<■  Includes  territory  now  included  in  the  Provinces  of  Alberta  and  Saskatchewan. 

d  Censii.s  not  taken  in  1S71-I891. 

35305— S.  Doc.  469,  Gl-2^ 3 


34  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

It  will  be  noted  that  the  Province  of  Ontario  has  led  all  others  in 
the  number  of  persons  born  in  the  United  States,  but  that  the  num- 
ber was  approximately  the  same  at  each  census  year.  The  same  is 
essentially  true  of  all  the  eastern  Provinces  except  Quebec.  In 
that  Province  the  increase  was  insignificant  until  during  the  decade 
1S91-1901.  The  increase  in  that  period  was,  in  all  probability, 
largely  due  to  the  emigration  fi'om  New  England  of  American-born 
children  of  Frencli  Canadian  ])arentage.  The  table  intlicates  that 
the  emigration  of  natives  of  the  United  States  to  westei-n  Canada 
developed  to  a  consitkn-able  extent  (huing  the  ten  years  prior  to  1901. 
The  numbers,  however,  are  small  compared  with  emigration  from 
the  United  States  to  Canada  in  recent  years,  and  the  Canadian  census 
of  1911  may  be  expected  to  show  a  large  increase  in  the  native 
United  States  element  in  Canada's  ])o])ulation. 

THE    IlETURN    MOVEMENT. 

It  is  impossible  to  state  what  proportion  of  the  immigration  to 
Canada  from  the  United  States  is  permanent.  In  practically  all 
larger  immigration  movements  of  the  present  time,  however,  there 
is  a  relatively  large  return  movement,  and  it  is  probable  that  a  con- 
siderable per  cent  of  the  United  States  immigrants  setthng  in  Canada 
eventually  resume  a  residence  in  the  United  States.  This  statement 
is  substantiated  by  the  following  extract  from  the  latest  annual  repoi't 
of  John  II.  Clark,  United  States  Conmiissioner  of  Immigration  in 
Canada.     Mr.  Clark  says:  « 

*  *  *  there  is  an  element  in  tiie  travel  from  Canada  to  the  United  States,  in 
which  I  feel  our  bureau  will  be  especially  interested,  reference  being  had  to  citizens 
of  our  own  country  who,  having  settled  in  Canada,  return  to  again  take  up  their 
residence  in  the  United  States.  Commencing  with  January  1  of  the  cinrent  year, 
a  record  has  been  compiled,  showing  that  0,869  of  such  citizens  were  interviewed  by 
our  officers  during  the  past  six  months,  and  as  containing  important  information,  it 
has  been  directed  that  a  similar  record  be  ()l)tained  in  the  future.  As  the  foregoing 
record  covered  that  jjcriod  of  the  year  when  the  movement  would  naturally  bo  north- 
bound, I  feel  it  perfectly  safe  to  say  that  not  less  than  15,000  American  citizens 
returned  from  Canada  within  the  year  to  resume  residence  in  the  United  States. 

CANADIAN    EXPENDITURES    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

As  shown  elsewhere^  the  Canadian  immigration  department  ex- 
pended $1,936,000  in  the  United  States  during  the  fiscal  years  1898  to 
1908,  inclusive.  This  amount  was  $293,000  more  than  was  expended 
by  the  department  in  promoting  immigration  from  the  United  King- 
dom during  the  same  period,  antl  only  $564,432  less  than  the  total 
expenditures  of  the  department  in  Canada. 

The  amount  expended  by  the  Canadian  immigration  department 
ii*  the  United  States  in  the^fiscal  years  1901  to  1908,  incksive,  com- 
pared with  the  immigration  into  Canada  from  the  United  States 
during  the  same  period,  is  shown  by  the  following  table: 

a  Annual  Report  United  States  Commissioner-General  of  Immigration,  1909,  p.  137. 
b  Page  13. 


THE    IMMIGKATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 


35 


Table  22. — Canadian  immigration  expenditures  in  the  United  States,  1901  to  190S. 
[Compiled  from  Immigruliou  Facts  and  Figures,  Canada,  I'JOO.] 


Fiscal  year. 


1901 

1»)2 

1903 

1!H)4 

ItKJo 

190(1 

1907  (9  mouths) 
1908 

Total.... 


Immigration, 
United 
States  to 
Canada. 


Canadian 
immigration 
e.xpeiKlitures 

in  United 
States. 


$144,000 
178,000 
101,000 
20.5,  (K)0 
■Sia,  000 
248,  (XK) 
1.51,000 
250,000 


l,0G2,O(W 


Amount 

I)er 
capita. 


S7.98 
0.73 
3.25 
4.53 
7. 45 
4. 28 
4.35 
4.28 


4.98 


As  previously  stated,  the  Canaditin  government  employs  in  the 
United  States  "a  large  number  of  subagents  who  are  paid  a  small 
commission  or  bonus  on  b(jna  fide  settlers  mduced  by  them  to  settle 
in  western  Canada,"  but  the  commission  paid  for  this  service  is  some- 
what smaller  than  the  bonus  allowed  to  booking  agents  in  the  United 
Kingdom  and  other  European  countries.  As  a  rule,  subagents  in 
the  United  States  are  not  contmuously  employed  in  the  work  of 
mducing  emigration  to  Canada,  their  service  in  this  comiection 
being  incidental  to  other  occupations. 

The  number  and  per  cent  of  immigrants  from  the  United  States, 
the  United  Kingdom,  and  continental  Europe,  on  whom  a  bonus  was 
paid  from  1905  to  1909,  inclusive,  is  shown  by  the  following  table: 

Table  23. —  Total  immigration  to  Canada,  and  number  of  immigrants  on  whom  a  bonus 
was  paid,  by  countries,  1905  to  1909. 

[Compiled  from  Immigration  Facts  and  Figures,  Canada,  1909.] 


United  States." 

United  Ivingdom. 

Continental  Europe. 

Fiscal  year. 

Total 
immi- 
gration. 

Bonus  paid  on— 

Total 

inuni- 

gration. 

Bonus  paid  on— 

Total 
immi- 
gration. 

Bonus  paid  on — 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

1905 

43,652 
57,919 
34,659 
58,312 
59,832 

3,081 
3,134 

2,5(Jl 
2,226 
2,047 

8.4 
5.4 
7.4 
3.8 
4.4 

65.359 
86,796 
5.5,791 
120, 182 
52,901 

11,974 
17,694 

8,861 
16, 193 
8,046 

18.3 
20.4 
15.9 
13.5 
15.2 

37,255 
44,349 
34,217 
83,975 
34, 175 

11,881 
8,741 
1,198 
2,307 
1,570 

31.9 

190;  i 

19.7 

1907(9montiis).. 
1908  .. 

3.5 
2.7 

1909 

4.6 

Total 

254,374 

14, 249 

5.0 

381,029 

C2,7C8 

16.5 

233,971 

25,703 

11.0 

a  Not  including  316  United  States  citizens  who  arrived  in  Canada  via  ocean  ports. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  percentage  of  immigrants  from  the  United 
States  on  whom  a  bonus  is  ])aid  is  much  smaller  than  in  the  case  of 
the  British  and  other  Europeans,  and  that  in  every  instance  the 
percentage  of  immigrants  on  whom  a  bonus  was  paid  was  consider- 
ably smaller  in  1909  than  in  1905,  the  decrease  bemg  especially 
marked  in  the  case  of  contmental  Europeans. 


a  Page  12. 


Chapter  III. 
IMMIGRATION  TO  THE  UNITED  STATES  FROM  CANADA. 


No  reliable  data  are  available  to  show  the  extent  of  immi<2;ration 
to  Canada  from  the  United  States  for  any  considerable  period  prior 
to  1901.  That  such  immigration,  or  at  least  ])ermanent  immigration, 
was,  however,  relatively  small  is  indicated  by  the  fact  that  in  1901 
there  were  only  127,899  persons  of  United  States  birth  in  the 
Dominion.'* 

On  the  other  hand,  Canada  has  for  a  long  time  contributed  largely 
to  the  population  of  the  United  States.  As  early  as  1850  there  were, 
according  to  the  census  of  that  year,  147,711  natives  of  Canada  in 
this  country.  Each  succeeding  census  showed  a  large  increase  in 
this  number  until  in  1900  there  were  nearly  one-fourth  as  many 
native-born  Canadians  in  the  United  States  as  in  Canada. 

The  total  number  of  natives  of  Canada  in  that  country  and  in  the 
United  States  in  corresi)onding  census  years  was  as  follows : 

Native-born  Canadians  in  Canada:  & 

1871                 2,892,763 

1881.. 3,715,492 

1891 ■ 4,185,877 

1901 4,761,815 

Native-born  Canadians  in  the  United  States: c 

1870                                                    493,464 

1880! 717,157 

1890 980,938 

1900 1, 181,  255 

Wliile  the  figures  relative  to  Canadians  in  the  United  States  do  not 
of  course  represent  the  actual  movement  of  i)opulation  from  the 
Dominion,  they  do  show  that  Canada  was  an  important  source  of 
immigration  to  the  United  States  during  the  period  considered. 

Tlic  growth  and  geographical  distribution  of  the  Canadian-born 
element  in  tlie  jiopulation  of  the  United  States  in  census  years  since 
1870  are  shown  in  the  following  table: 

,  Table  24. — Natives  of  Canada,  including  Ncirfoundland,  in  the  United  States  in  census 

years,  1S70  to  1900. 

[Conipilcd  from  United  States  census  reports.] 


1870. 

1880. 

1890. 

1900. 

Per  cent  of  increase. 

Geographical  position. 

1870  to 
1880. 

18S0  to 
1890. 

1890  to 
1900. 

North  Atlantic 

250,983 
2,249 

217, 477 
3,880 
18,875 

343,022 
3,926 

324, 838 

6,180 

39, 191 

490,229 
5,412 

401,660 
8,153 
75, 484 

650,502 
6,920 

422,323 
10, 202 
80,800 

36.7 
74.6 
49.4 
59.3 
107.6 

42.9 
37.9 
23.6 
31.9 
92.6 

32.7 

27.9 

North  Central , 

South  Central . .  _ 

•     5.1 
25.9 
7.0 

Total  

493, 464 

717, 157 

980, 938 

(2  1,181,255 

45.3 

36.8 

20.4 

a  Table  42,  p.  75. 
&  The  Canada  Year  Boole,  1908. 
c  United  States  census  rejx)rts. 

d  Includes  persons  in  the  military  and  naval  service  of  the  United  States  (including  civilian  employees, 
etc.)  stationed  abroad,  not  credited  to  any  State  or  Territory,  but  excludes  Alaska  and  Hawaii. 

36 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN    CANADA. 


37 


In  the  United  States  censuses  of  1S90  ami  1900  Canadian-born 
persons  were  divided  into  two  classes,  French  and  English,  tlie  latter 
classilication  behig  based  on  language  rather  than  race,  and  including 
of  course  persons  of  Scotch  and  Irish  as  well  as  of  English  descent. 
The  number  and  geographical  tlistribution  of  these  elements  in  the 
population  are  show^l  in  the  following  table: 

Table  25. — Natives  of  Canada,  including  Newfoundland,  in  the  United  States  in  1890 
and  1900,  by  race  or  descent. 

[Compiled  from  United  States  census  reports.] 


Nuniher. 

Per  cent  of  Increase 
1890  to  1900. 

Geographical  division. 

1890. 

1900. 

English. 

French. 

English. 

French. 

English. 

French. 

North  \tlantic                  

260,875 

5,128 

3.35,947 

7,759 

68,7.33 

229,  a54 

284 

f)5,713 

394 

C,751 

345,342 

0,  284 

345,304 

8,802 

79,009 

305,  IfiO 

77,019 

l,4(iO 

10, 791 

32.4 
22.5 
2.8 
13.4 
15.0 

33.1 

123.  9 

17.2 

270.6 

59.8 

Total                               

678,442 

302,496 

a  785, 958 

a  395, 297 

15.8 

30.7 

o  Includes  persons  in  the  military  and  naval  service  of  the  United  States  (including  civilian  employees, 
etc.)  stationed  abroad,  not  credited  to  any  state  or  territory,  but  excludes  Alaska  and  Hawaii. 

The  above  tables,  however,  indicate  nothing  concerning  the  many- 
transoceanic  immigrants  to  Canada  who  eventually  settled  in  the 
United  States.  Although  no  statistical  data  exist  to  prove  the  asser- 
tion, it  is  a  well-knoA\Ti  fact  that  in  the  past  a  great  many  European 
immigrants  to  Canada  have  later  emigrated  from  the  Dominion  to 
the  States.  This  is  particularly  true  of  the  English,  Irish,  and  Scotch, 
but  in  more  recent  years  the  newer  immigrant  races  have  to  a  greater 
or  less  extent  joined  in  the  movement. 

During  the  past  few  years  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Immigration 
has  collected  statistics"^  relative  to  aliens  entering  the  United  States 
from  Canada  for  the  purpose  of  taking  up  a  permanent  residence 
here,  and  the  results  show  that  the  movement  continues  in  spite  of 
the  fact  that  Canada  is  now  one  of  the  chief  immigrant  receiving 
countries  of  the  world. 

.      The  following  table  shows  the  extent  of  the  emigration  movement 
from  Canada  to  the  United  States  in  1908  and  1909. 

Table  2^.— Immigration  to  the  United  States  from  Canada  in  fiscal  years  1908  and  1909, 

by  race,  people,  or  descent. 

[Compiled  from  statistical  table  furnished  by  United  States  Bureau  of  Immigration.] 


Race,  people,  or  descent." 

Number. 

Per  cent  of  total. 

1908. 

1909. 

1908. 

1909. 

176 

367 

60 

717 

467 

1 

52 

541 

1,238 

204 
338 

97 

818 

518 

3 

59 
420 
126 

0.4 
.8 
.1 
1.6 
1.1 

1.2 
2.8 

0.4 

.0 

.2 

1.5 

1.0 

C) 

.1 

Dutch                                                  

.8 

East  Indian 

.2 

o  Includes  native-born  Canadians  and  former  immigrants  to  Canada.      b  Less  than  0.05  of  1  per  cent. 


38 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 


Table  26. — Tmmif/ration  to  the  United  States  from  Canada  in  fisi-al  years  1908  and  1909, 
by  race,  people,  or  descent — Continued. 


Race,  people,  or  descent. 


English 

Finnish 

French 

German 

Greek 

Hebrew 

Irish 

Italian: 

North 

South 

Japanese 

Korean 

Lithuanian 

Magyar 

Mexican 

Paeiflc  Islander 

Polish 

Portuguese , 

Roumanian 

Russian 

Ruthenian 

Scandinavian 

Scotch 

Slovak 

Spanish 

Spanish-American . 

Syrian 

Turkish 

Welsh 

West  Indian 

All  others 


Total . 


1908.  1909 


,12G 
457 
,251 
,871 
523 
,902 
,932 

778 
,823 
,104 
3 
130 
445 
3 


673 

69 

302 

2 

159 


43,805 


10, 563 
502 
12, 870 
3, 200 
476 
2,917 
3,900 

092 

3, 790 

188 

1 

222 

659 

2 

1 

1,828 

4 

336 

459 

406 

1,950 

4,943 

172 

36 

3 

263 

20 

279 

12 


53,448 


Per  cent  of  total. 


1908.  1909 


23.1 
1.0 

9.7 
6.6 
1.2 
6.6 
6.7 

1.8 
6.4 
4.9 


(a) 


.3 
1.0 


(") 


(«) 


.6 

4.8 

9.6 

.3 

.), 


1.5 
.2 

.8 


(a) 


19.8 

.9 

24.1 

6.0 

.9 

5.5 

7.3 

1.3 

7.1 

.4 


(a) 


.4 
1.2 


(«) 
(a) 


(n) 


(o) 
(a) 
(o) 


3.4 

.0 
.9 
.9 
3.0 
9.2 
.3 
.1 

.5 

.5 

.2 


100.0 


a  Less  than  0.05  of  1  per  cent. 

The  above  table  includes  native-l)orn  Canadians  as  well  as  former 
immigrants  to  (\xnada,  and  although  the  proportion  of  each  is  known, 
it  is  not  possible  with  the  data  at  hand  to  distinguish  between  them 
as  regards  "race,  people,  or  descent." 

The  records  of  tlie  Bureau  of  Immigration  and  Naturalization  for 
1908  show  that,  of  the  4,3,805  immigrants  from  Canada  admitted  to 
the  United  States  in  that  year,  13,052  w^ere  native  Canadians  and 
30,753  W'Cre  foreign-born  residents  of  Canada.  Of  the  53,448  immi- 
grants admitted  from  Canada  in  1909,  24,118  were  native  Canadians 
and  29,330  were  foreign-born. 

It  should  be  clearly  understood  that  those  persons  classified  as 
foreign-born  were  former  immigrants  to  Canada  who  had  acquired 
a  residence  in  the  Dominion,  and  that  the  classification  does  not 
include  persons  in  transit  through  Canada  to  the  United  States. 

While  it  is  not  possible  with  the  data  at  liand  to  classify  according 
to  their  nativity  the  elements  enumerated  under  "race,  people,  or 
descent"  in  the  above  table,  it  is  safe  to  assume  that  the  natives  of 
Canada  previously  referred  to  were  for  the  most  part  persons  of 
English,  French,  Irish,  and  Scotch  stock. 

In  comparing  the  immigration  of  the  tw^o  years  considered,  a  large 
increase  in  the  Canadian  French  element  in  1909  is  noted.  This  is 
no  doubt  accounted  for  by  an  increased  demand  for  industrial  workers 
in  New  England  during  that  year. 

A  noteworth)^  feature  of  the  immigration  to  the  United  States  from 
Canada  in  1909  is  the  great  relative  decrease  in  the  number  of  A'^iatics 


THE    IMMIGKATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 


39 


admitted.  It  will  ])e  noted  that  in  lOOS  the  Japanese  and  East  Indians 
or  Hindus  formed  7.7  per  cent  of  the  total  immigration  from  Canada, 
while  in  1909  they  formed  only  0.6  per  cent  of  such  immigration. 
While  this  fact  is  interesting  as  indicating  a  falling  off  in  Asiatic  immi- 
gration, it  is  chiefly  significant  when  it  is  considered  that  the  decrease 
followetl  the  practical  exclusion  of  such  immigrants  from  Canada," 
thus  illustrating  the  effect  upon  the  United  States  of  Canada's  con- 
trol of  immigration. 

The  occupations  of  Canadian  immigrants  to  the  United  States  in 
the  two  years  under  consideration  are  shown  in  the  following  table. 


Table  27.- 


-Occupations  of  Canadian  immigrants  to  the  United  States  in  fiscal  years  1908 
and  1909. 


[Compiled  from  statistical  table  furnished  by  United  States  Bureau  of  Immigration.] 


Fiscal  year. 

Profes- 
sional. 

Skilled 

la- 
borers. 

Farm- 
ers. 

Farm 

la- 
borers. 

borers,  i    ^"*^- 

No  oc- 
ciijia- 
tions.n 

Misrel- 
laneou.s. 

Total. 

1908 

791 
875 

11,300 
11,408 

1,270 
1,609 

1,875 
1,854 

15,002 
16,355 

2,238 
2,943 

10,132 

10, 087 

1,191 
1,597 

43,805 

19(^9                           

53,448 

Total 

1,066 

22,708 

2,945 

3,729 

31,357       5.181 

20,819 

2,788 

97,2.'j:{ 

' 

o  Including  women  and  children. 

The  above  table  is  chiefly  interesting  as  showing  the  relatively 
small  proportion  of  farmers  and  farm  laborers  entering  the  United 
States  from  Canada  when  compared  with  the  large  percentage  of 
that  class  among  persons  emigrating  from  the  United  States  to  Canada. 
As  stated  elsewhere,  more  than  78  per  cent  of  the  latter  movement 
is  composed  of  farmers  and  farm  laborers  and  their  families,  while 
only  9.4  p6r  cent  of  those  entering  the  United  vStates  from  Canada, 
excluding  persons  of  no  occupation,  are  so  classed.  The  large  pro- 
portion of  skilled  laborers  among  the  Canadian  immigrants  to  the 
United  States  is  also  noteworthy. 

In  many  respects  the  immigration  from  Canada  is  similar  to  that 
originating  in  Europe.  There  is  the  same  preponderance  of  males, 
and,  like  immigration  from  all  sources,  the  great  majority  of  the  im- 
migrants are  from  14  to  45  years  of  age.  There  is  a  large  percentage 
of  illiterates  among  the  immigrants  from  Canada,  but  this  is  chieliy 
accounted  for  by  the  presence  of  south  and  east  Europeans.  These 
facts  are  shown  in  detail  in  the  following  table: 

Table  2S. —  Total  number  of  immigrants  to  the  United  States  from.  Canada  in  fiscal  years 
1908  and  1909,  by  sex,  age,  literacy,  and  amount  of  money  shown. 

[Compiled  from  statistical  tables  furnished  by  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Immigration.] 


Total. 

Sex. 

Age. 

Literacy. 

Money. 

Fiscal  year. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Under 

14 
years. 

14  to  45. 

45  and 
over. 

Can 
read 
but 
not 
write. 

Can 
neither 

read 

nor 
write. 

Number  bring- 
ing— 

Total 

amount 

of  money 

shown. 

S50or 
more. 

Less 
than 
S50. 

1908 

1909 

43,805 
53,448 

35,048 
37,532 

8,757 
15,916 

4,782 
8,606 

30,031 
40,584 

2,392 
4,258 

131 
138 

5,435 
5,991 

12,534 
14,850 

20,736 
22,513 

$2,417,348 
3,404,237 

Total.. 

97,253 

72,580 

24,073 

13,388 

77,215     6,050 

209 

11,420 

27,384 

43,249 

5,881,58.5 

a  Chapter  V. 


40  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

Concernino;  the  cause  of  the  emigration  movement  from  Canada  to 
the  United  States,  Commissioner  Clark  in  his  annual  report  for  1909, 
elsewhere  quoted,  says'*: 

Should  those  interested  in  statistics  inquire  for  a  cause  for  the  above  exodus  of  Cana- 
dians to  the  United  States,  it  may  be  stated,  as  a  result  of  careful  questioning  for 
manifest  purposes,  that,  in  many  instances,  the  claim  is  made  that  native  workmen 
are  being  replaced  by  those  brought  into  Canada  under  the  Government's  immigra- 
tion policy,  and  to  accept  this  explanation  is  not  difficult  when  we  recall  conditions 
existing  in  the  United  States,  where  in  many  of  the  great  manufacturing  centers, 
particularly  in  the  New  England  States,  native  help  has  been  entirely  superseded 
by  the  foreign  article. 

«  Annual  report  United  States  Commissioner-General  of  Immigration,  1909,  p.  137, 


Chapter  IV. 


THE  CANADIAN  IMMIGRATION  LAW. 

Notwithstandino;  the  fact  that  Canachx  makes  persistent  efforts  to 
promote  immigration  its  law  relative  to  the  exclusion  of  undesirable 
mmiigrants  is  hardly  less  rigid  than  that  of  the  United  States.  In 
fact  the  classes  excluded  under  the  laws  of  both  countries  are  nearly- 
identical,  as  will  be  seen  fi'om  the  following  comparison  of  such  sec- 
tions of  the  Canadian  law  as  relate  to  exclusion  witli  Section  2  of  tlie 
United  States  law.  Both  tlie  Canadian  and  United  States  laws  are 
printed  in  full  elsewhere."'' 


CANADIAN    LAW,   SECS.  26-30. 

26.  No  immi2:rant  shall  be  permitted  to 
land  in  Canada,  who  is  feeble-minded,  an 
idiot,  or  an  epileptic,  or  who  is  insane,  or 
who  has  had  an  attack  of  insanity  within 
five  years;  nor  shall  any  immigrant  be  so 
landed  who  is  deaf  and  dumb,  or  dumb, 
blind,  or  infirm  unless  he  belongs  to  a  fam- 
ily accompanying  him  or  already  in  Can- 
ada, and  which  gives  security,  satisfac- 
tory to  the  Minister,  and  in  conformity 
with  the  regulations  in  that  behalf,  if  any, 
for  his  permanent  support  if  admitted 
into  Canada. 

27.  No  immigrant  shall  be  permitted  to 
land  in  Canada  who  is  afflicted  with  a 
loathsome  disease  or  with  a  disease  which 
is  contagious  or  infectious  and  which  may 
become  dangerous  to  the  public  health 
or  widely  disseminated,  whether  such 
immigrant  intends  to  settle  in  Canada  or 
only  to  pass  through  Canada  to  settle  in 
some  other  country:  Provided,  That  if 
such  disease  is  one  which  is  curable  within 
a  reasonably  short  time,  the  immigrant 
siiffering  therefrom  may,  subject  to  the 
regulations  in  that  behalf,  if  any,  be  per- 
mitted to  remain  on  board  where  hospital 
facilities  do  not  exist  on  shore,  or  to  leave 
the  vessel  for  medical  treatment,  under 
such  regulations  as  may  be  made  by  the 
Minister. 

28.  No  person  shall  be  permitted  to 
land  in  Canada  who  is  a  pauper,  or  desti- 
tute, a  professional  beggar,  or  vagrant, 
or  who  is  likely  to  become  a  public 
charge.    *    *    * 


UNITED    STATES    LAW,  SEC.  2. 

2.  That  the  following  classes  of  aliens 
shall  be  excluded  from  admission  into  the 
United  States:  All  idiots,  imbeciles, 
feeble-minded  persons,  epileptics,  insane 
persons  and  persons  who  have  been  insane 
within  five  years  previous;  persons  who 
have  had  two  or  more  attacks  of  insanity 
at  any  time  previously;  paupers;  persons 
likely  to  become  a  public  charge;  profes- 
sional beggars;  persons  afflicted  with 
tuberculosis  or  with  a  loathsome  or  dan- 
gerous contagious  disease;  persons  not 
comprehended  within  any  of  the  forego- 
ing excluded  classes  who  are  found  to  be 
and  are  certified  by  the  examining  sur- 
geon as  being  mentally  or  physically  de- 
fective, such  mental  or  physical  defect 
being  of  a  nature  which  may  affect  the 
ability  of  such  alien  to  earn  a  living;  per- 
sons who  have  been  convicted  of  or  admit 
having  committed  a  felony  or  other  crime 
or  misdemeanor  involving  moral  turpi- 
tude; polygamists,  or  persons  who  admit 
their  belief  in  the  practice  of  polygamy; 
anarchists,  or  persons  who  believe  in  or 
advocate  the  overthrow  by  force  or  vio- 
lence of  the  Government  of  the  United 
States,  or  of  all  government,  or  of  all  forms 
of  law,  or  the  assassination  of  public  offi- 
cials; prostitutes,  or  women  or  girls  com- 
ing into  the  United  States  for  the  purpose 
of  prostitution  or  for  any  other  immoral 
purpose;  persons  who  procure  or  attempt 
to  bring  in  prostitutes  or  women  or  girls 
for  the  purpose  of  prostitution  or  for  aiiy 
other  immoral  purpose;  persons  herein- 


a  Chapter  93,  Revised  Statutes  of  Canada,  1906,  and  the  amending  acts  of  1907 
and  1908  consolidated.  Appendix  A.  For  law  as  amended  May  4,  1910,  see  Appen- 
dix I. 


f>  Act  of  February  20,  1907.     Appendix  C. 


41 


42 


THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 


29.  No  immigrant  shall  be  permitted  to 
land  in  Canada  who  has  been  convicted 
of  a  crime  involving  moral  turpitude,  or 
who  is  a  prostitute,  or  who  procures  or 
brings  or  attempts  to  bring  into  Canada, 
prostitutes  or  women  for  purposes  of  pros- 
titution. 

30.  The  Governor  in  Council  may,  by 
proclamation  or  order,  whenever  he  con- 
siders it  necessary  or  expedient,  prohibit 
the  landing  in  Canada  of  any  specified 
class  of  immigrants  or  of  any  immigrants 
who  have  come  to  Canada  otherwise  than 
by  continuous  journey  from  the  country 
of  which  they  are  natives  or  citizens  and 
upon  through  tickets  purchased  in  that 
country. 


after  called  contract  laborers,  who  have 
been  induced  or  solicited  to  migrate  to 
this  country  by  offers  or  promises  of  em- 
ployment or  in  consequence  of  agree- 
ments, oral,  written  or  printed,  express 
or  implied,  to  perform  labor  in  this  coun- 
try of  any  kind,  skilled  or  unskilled; 
those  who  have  been,  within  one  year 
from  the  date  of  application  for  admission 
to  the  United  States,  deported  as  having 
been  induced  or  solicited  to  migrate  as 
above  described ;  any  person  whose  ticket 
or  passage  is  paid  for  with  the  money  of 
another,  or  who  is  assisted  by  others  to 
come,  unless  it  is  affirmatively  and  satis- 
factorily shown  that  such  person  does  not 
belong  to  one  of  the  foregoing  excluded 
classes,  and  that  said  ticket  or  passage  was 
not  paid  for  by  any  corporation,  associa- 
tion, society,  municipality,  or  foreign 
government,  either  directly  or  indirectly; 
all  children  under  sixteen  years  of  age, 
unaccompanied  by  one  or  both  of  their 
parents,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  Commerce  and  Labor  or  under  such 
regulations  as  he  may  from  time  to  time 
prescribe:  Provided,  That  nothing  in  this 
Act  shall  exclude,  if  otherwise  admissible, 
persons  convicted  of  an  offense  purely 
political,  not  involving  moral  turpitude; 
Provided,  further,  That  the  provisions  of 
this  section  relating  to  the  paymentsfor 
tickets  or  passage  by  any  corporation, 
association,  society,  municipality,  or  for- 
eign government  shall  not  api)ly  to  tickets 
or  passage  of  aliens  in  immediate  and  con- 
tinuous transit  through  the  United  States 
to  foreign  contiguous  territory:  And  'pro- 
vided further.  That  skilled  ]a"l)or  may  be 
imported  if  lal)or  of  like  kind  unemployed 
can  not  bo  found  in  this  country:  And 
provided  further.  That  the  provisions  of 
this  law  ai)plicable  to  contract  labor  shall 
not  be  held  to  exclude  professional  actors, 
artists,  lecturers,  singers,  ministers  of  any 
religious  denomination,  professors  for  col- 
leges or  seminaries,  persons  belonging  to 
any  recognized  learned  profession,  or  per- 
sons employed  strictly  as  personal  or 
domestic  servants. 

Althouo;h  the  phraseology  employed  differs  somewhat  in  the  exclu- 
sion provisions  of  the  two  laws  above  quoted,  it  is  apparent  that  both 
are  desio;ned  to  exclude  practically  the  same  classes  of  physical, 
mental,  and  moral  defectives  and  delinquents. 

The  Canadian  law,  however,  contains  no  provision  regarding 
polygamists,  anarchists,  or  contract  laborers,  while  such  persons  are 
specifically  excluded  by  the  United  States  law.  Assisted  numigrants 
also  are  tlebarred  by  the  United  States  and  not  by  the  Canadian  law, 
but,  as  stated  elsewhere,  persons  of  this  class  have  been  added  to  the 
list  of  immigrants  recognized  by  Canada  as  undesirable,  through  an 
order  of  the  governor-general  in  council."     There  is  a  radical  differ- 


«  Appendix  G,  No.  I. 


THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  43 

enco,  noted  elsewhere,  between  the  attitude  of  Canachi  and  the  pro- 
visions of  the  United  wStates  hiw  with  rejj^ard  to  the  admission  of 
so-called  contract  laborers." 

There  is  now  before  the  Canadian  Parliament  a  bill  proposino;  sev- 
eral more  or  less  important  amendments  to  the  ])resent  immigration 
act.  This  was  introduced  by  the  lion.  Frank  Oliver,  Minister  of  the 
Interior,  on  January  19,  1910,  and  bein<:r  a  government  bill  it  i)resum- 
ably  represents  the  ideas  of  the  immii);ration  authorities.  Because 
of  this  fact  the  text  of  the  bill  is  published  in  full  in  tliis  report.''  No 
very  radical  changes  in  the  law,  however,  are  proposed  by  the  bill. 
By  Its  terms  the  exclusion  provisions  of  the  present  law  are  extended 
to  cover  imbeciles  and  epilej^tics,  which  classes  are  now  excluded  under 
the  United  States  law;  pimps,  or  persons  living  on  the  avails  of  pros- 
titution; immigrants  to  whom  money  has  been  given  or  loaned  for 
tiie  ]nn-i)ose  of  enabling  them  to  qualify  for  landing  in  Canada ;  immi- 
grants whose  passage  to  Canada  has  been  paid  wholly  or  in  part  by  any 
charitable  organization,  or  out  of  public  moneys,  unless  it  is  shown 
that  the  authority  in  writing  of  the  superintendent  of  nnmigration,  or 
in  case  of  persons  coming  from  Europe,  the  authority  in  writing  of  the 
assistant  superintendent  of  emigration  for  Canada,  in  London,  has 
been  obtained  for  the  landing  in  Canada  of  such  persons,  and  that 
such  authority  has  been  acted  upon  within  a  period  of  sixty  days 
thereafter. 

The  provision  relative  to  assisted  immigration  just  quoted  merely 
proposes  to  enact  into  law  the  already  effective  order  in  council 
to  which  reference  has  been  made.'' 

The  present  Canadian  immigration  law  provides  that  boards  of 
inquiry  may  be  convened  to  decide  upon  the  case  of  any  immigrant  seek- 
ing admission  to  Canada,*^  but  no  such  board  has  ever  been  appointed.* 
The  immigration  bill  now  before  the  Canadian  Parliament  provides 
for  the  appointment  of  a  permanent  board  of  inquiry  "for  the  sum- 
mary determination  of  all  cases  of  immigrants  or  passengers  seeking 
to  enter  Canada  or  detained  for  any  cause  *  *  *."'^  At  the 
present  time  the  admission  or  rejection  of  immigrants  to  Canada  at 
Canadian  ports  is  determined  by  the  immigration  officials,  and,  as 
stated  elsewhere,  medical  officers  of  the  service  exercise  great  author- 
ity in  this  regard.^  Although  alike  in  most  particulars,  there  is  one 
important  difference  between  the  proposed  Canadian  law  antl  the 
United  States  law,'^  relative  to  procedure  before  boards  of  inquiry. 
Under  the  former  it  is  proposed  that  immigrants  shall  have  the 
right  to  be  represented  by  counsel  whenever  any  evidence  or  testimony 
is  received  by  the  board,^  while  no  such  right  is  granted  by  the  United 
States  law.  In  the  matter  of  appeals  from  decisions  of  boards  of 
inquiry,  the  proposed  Canadian  law  and,  the  United  States  law  are 
nearly  identical.-' 

«  Page  57.  ?  Page  56. 

b  Appendix  P..  '^Sec.  25,  Appendix  C. 

cPage  27,  and  Appendix  G,  No.  I.  «Sec.  15,  Appendix  15. 

<iSec.  31,  Appendix  A.  ;Sec8.  18  and  19,  Appendix  B,  and  sec. 

«  Note  to  Sec.  13,  Appendix  B.  25,  Appendix  C. 

/Sec.  13,  Appendix  B. 

Note.— For  Canadian  law  as  amended  May  4,  1910,  see  Appendix  I. 


44 


THE   IMMIGEAtlON   SITUATION    IN   CANADA. 


REJECTIONS    AT    PORTS    OF    ENTRY. 

Observations  at  Canadian  ports  indicate  that,  general!}^  speaking, 
the  inspection  of  immigrants,  both  medical  and  otherwise,  under  the 
Canadian  hiw  is  less  rigid  than  under  the  United  States  law,  which 
statement  is  substantiated,  in  part  at  least,  by  the  record  of  rejections 
in  1908  under  tlie  respective  laws,  as  shown  by  the  following  table: 

Table  29. —  Total  immigrants  adm,itted  and  rejected  under  Canadian  and  United  States 

laws,  fiscal  year  1908. 

[Compiled  from  reports  of  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Canada,  and  reports  of  United  States  Commis- 
sioner-General of  Immigraliou.] 


Country. 

Admitted. 

Rejected. 

Proportion 
rejected. 

Canada 

262, 469 
782,820 

1,002 
10,907 

1  to  262 

United  States ' 

1  to    72 

An  exact  comparison  in  this  regard  is  impossible,  because  the  laws 
of  the  two  countries  differ  somewliat  as  to  excluded  classes.  The 
principal  dilTerence  to  be  considered  in  this  connection  is  the  United 
States  contract  labor  provision,  under  which  1 ,932  aliens  were  excluded 
in  the  year  1908.  This  does  not  seriousl}^  affect  the  comparison, 
however,  for  disregarding  the  number  of  contract  laborers  excluded, 
the  proportion  of  other  classes  excluded  to  those  admitted  to  the 
United  States  in  the  year  mentioned  was  1  to  87.  Therefore  it  is 
fair  to  assume  that  under  the  United  States  laws  the  proportion 
of  comparaljle  exchisions  in  the  year  mentioned  was  three  times  as 
great  as  under  the  Canadian  act. 

A  study  of  exclusions  by  chisses  of  immigrants  under  the  Canadian 
and  United  States  laws  strikingly  illustrates  the  effect  of  Canada's 
policy  of  discrimination  between  immigrants  from  different  sections 
of  Europe  as  compared  with  the  result  of  the  nondiscriminating 
policy  of  the  United  States  in  this  regard,  as  will  be  seen  by  the 
following  table: 

Table  30. — European  immigrants,  including  Syrian,  admitted  and  rejected  under  the 
Canadian  and  the  United  States  Inivs  in  1908,  by  race  or  people. 

[Compiled  from  reports  of  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Canada,  and  reports  of  United  States  Commis- 
sioner-General of  Immigration.] 


Canada. 

United  States. 

Race  or  people. 

Ad- 
mitted. 

Re- 
jected. 

Proportion 
rejected. 

Ad- 
mitted. 

Re- 
jected. 

Proportion 
rejected. 

North  and  west  European,  including 
Icelandic 

rS3, 136 
54,600 

152 
395 

1  to  876 
1  to  138 

239,981 
506, 130 

2,  263 
(i,  282 

1  to  106 

Other  European,  including  Syrian 

1  to   81 

While  not  nearly  so  pronounced  as  in  the  case  of  Canada,  there  is 
apparently  a  discrimination  on  the  part  of  the  United  States  against 
immigrants  from  southern  and  eastern  Europe,  but  this  is  doubtless 
entirely  due  to  the  fact  that  a  preponderance  of  certain  excludable 
classes,  such  as  contract  laborers  and  persons  afflicted  with  loath- 
some or  dangerous  contagious  diseases,  comes  from  that  section,  and 
not  to  a  discriminatory  policy  with  regard  to  races  or  peoples,  as 
such. 


THE   IMMIGKATION   SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  45 

On  the  other  hand,  it  must  be  assumed  that  the  hirj^e  j)roj)ortion 
of  rejections  among  south  and  east  Eur()i)e;in  immigrants  to  Cjinada, 
compared  with  the  number  of  north  and  west  Europeans  del)arred, 
is  due  ahnost  entirely  to  the  fact  that  Canada  (Hscriminates  in  favor 
of  the  hitter.  The  same  causes  whicli  obtain  in  the  United  States,  as 
above  stated,  may  account  in  a  small  degree  for  the  result  in  Canada,  and 
it  is  possible  that  tlie  more  or  less  definite  system  of  selection  exercised 
by  Canadian  oflicials  abroatl  may  have  some  effect  in  this  regard,  but 
in  the  main  the  diil'crence  is  undoubtedly  due  to  Canada's  official 
attitude  toward  the  classes  menticmed. 

A  medical  officer  of  the  Canadian  immigration  service  is  now 
stationetl  at  New  York  for  the  purpose  of  examining  arriving  immi- 
grants destined  to  Canada.  In  the  fiscal  year  ending  March  31,  1909, 
this  officer  rejected  131  such  immigrants,  or  1  in  every  65  arriving, 
a  considerably  larger  proportion  than  was  rejected  under  the  United 
States  law  for  the  corresponding  year." 

UISCRETIOXAKY    AUTHORITY    GRANTED    OFFICIALS. 

The  most  striking  feature  of  the  Canadian  immigration  law,  and 
the  one  in  which  it  differs  most  widely  from  the  United  States  law, 
is  its  flexibility,  or  adaptability  to  emergencies  or  changed  conditions. 
The  Canadian  law  confers  almost  unlimited  power  on  the  governor 
m  council  m  matters  respecting  immigration.  In  fact,  it  would  seem 
from  the  terms  of  the  law  that  the  administration  could,  if  deemed 
desirable,  not  only  prohibit  any  particular  class  of  immigration,  but 
practically  prohibit  all  immigration  to  Canada. 

The  Canadian  law  and  policy  already  developed  under  the  law  in 
tliis  regard  are  clearly  dlustrated  by  reference  to  sections  10,  20,  and 
30  of  the  immigration  act  ^  and  to  instances  of  procedure  under  such 
sections. 

Section  10  above  referred  to  is  as  follows: 

The  Governor  in  Council  may,  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Minister,  make  such 
orders  and  regulations,  not  inconsistent  with  this  Act,  as  are  considered  necessary  or 
expedient  for  the  carry ini^  out  of  this  Act,  according  to  its  true  intent  and  meaning, 
and  for  the  better  attainment  of  its  object. 

In  ])ractice  this  section  has  evidently  assumed  an  importance 
beyond  what  is  suggested  by  a  casual  reference  to  its  terms,  as  will  be 
seen  by  an  order  of  the  governor  in  council  dated  May  27,  1908, 
wliich  is  here  presented  in  full  because  it  so  clearly  illustrates  the  case 
in  point. *= 

WTiereas  a  considerable  number  of  European  immigrants  arrive  in  Canada  by  way 
of  United  States  Atlantic  and  Pacific  seaports,  coming  in  by  rail  from  port  of  hmding 
in  the  United  States,  many  of  whom  are  of  the  classes  prohibited  by  the  Immigration 
Act  from  landing  in  Canada,  and  are  for  this  reason  or  for  causes  arising  within  a  period 
of  two  years  of  their  arrival  in  Canada  deportable  under  the  Act; 

And  whereas  upcni  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration  seeking  to  deport  such  per- 
sons, the  railroad  companies  responsible  for  carrying  them  across  the  border  have 
pleaded  inability  to  take  them  back  on  the  Superintendent's  order,  for  the  reason  that 
the  persons  sought  to  be  deported  were  not  legally  admissible  into  the  United  States, 
and  would  not  be  admitted  into  that  country,  excejjt  for  transit  to  port  of  landing 
and  immediate  delivery  into  the  custody  of  the  steamship  company  responsible  for 
taking  them  back  to  the  port  or  place  from  which  they  were  brought; 

«  Report  of  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Canada,  1909,  p.  103. 
b  Appendix  A. 
cA])pendix  G,  No.  IV. 


46  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION   IN    CANADA. 

And  whereas  the  steamship  companies  have  been  communicated  with  in  this  matter 
and  each  company  has  been  asked  to  enter  into  an  agreement  according  to  the  draft 
attached  hereto; 

And  whereas  the  steamship  companies  have  had  this  agreement  and  the  request  of 
the  Department  of  the  Interior  with  respect  thereto  before  them  since  about  the  23d  of 
February,  1908,  but  the  only  company  that  has  thus  far  executed  the  agreement  is  the 
Allan  Line  Steamship  Company  (Limited)  of  Glasgow,  running  ships  to  Boston,  Mass., 
and  Portland,  Me.;  , 

And  whereas  on  account  of  the  neglect  of  the  other  companies  to  attend  to  this  mat- 
ter the  Department  of  the  Interior  is,  at  the  present  time,  in  the  position  of  having 
some  55  deportable  immigrants  on  its  hands  and  being  unable  to  deport  them; 

Therefore  His  Excellency  the  Governor-General  in  C'ouncil  in  these  circumstances, 
and  seeing  that  undesirable  immigrants  are  constantly  coming  into  Canada,  as  above 
described,  and  that  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration  is  unable  to  put  the  law  in 
force  with  respect  to  such  immigrants,  is  pleased  to  order,  as  a  necessary  measure  of 
protection  for  Canada,  under  the  authority  of  section  10  of  the  Immigration  Act,  Chapter 
93,  Revised  Statutes  of  Canada,  1906,  that  all  such  immigrants  as  seek  to  come  into 
Canada  by  rail,  who  have  come  from  any  country  on  any  ship  landing  at  a  United 
States  port  belonging  to  any  steamship  comjjany  or  owner  who  has  not  entered  into  the 
agreement  hereto  annexed,"  shall  be  and  they  are  hereby  prohibited  from  landing  in  or 
coming  into  Canada. 

The  importance  of  this  traffic  to  steamship  comj)anies  bringing 
to  United  States  ])orts  ])assengers  bound  to  Canada,  is  indicated  by 
the  fact  tliat  29,308  out  of  204,157,  or  14.4  ])cr  cent,  of  the  trans- 
oceanic immigrant  arrivals  in  Canachi  during  the  year  ending  March 
31,  1908,  came  via  tlie  United  States.  These  were  distributed  by 
ports  as  follows:" 

New  York 22,379 

Portland,  Me 3,  650 

Boston 1,  987 

Philadelphia 898 

Baltimore 394 

Total 29,308 

Perhaps  it  is  needless  to  add  that  the  agreement  suggested  l)y  the 

Canadian  autliorities  was  entered  into  without  great  delay  on  the  part 

of  the  steamship  companies. 

Of  far  greater  significance  than  the  last  quoted  section,  however, 

is  section  20  of  the  Canadian  law,  which  provides  that:'' 

The  regulations  to  be  made  by  the  Governor  in  Council  may  provide  as  a  condition 
to  permission  to  enter  C'anada  that  immigrants  shall  possess  money  to  a  prescribed 
minimum  amount,  which  amount  may  vary  according  to  the  class  and  destination  of 
such  immigrants  and  otherwise  according  to  the  circumstances. 

Several  ordei-s  in  council  of  more  or  less  moment  have  been 
promulgated  under  authority  of  this  section.  Under  it  has  been 
established  the  policy  of  requiring  that  all  immigrants  18  years  of  age 
or  over,  arriving  at  Canadian  ports  during  certain  winter  months,  be 
possessed  of  $50  in  addition  to  a  ticket  to  destination,  which  amount 
is  reduced  to  $25  at  other  seasons.*^  It  is  worthy  of  note  that  re- 
laxation of  the  money  quahfication  is  made  possible  in  the  case  of 
persons  going  to  friends  resident  in  Canada  or  in  the  case  of  those 
going  to  assured  employment.  Still  more  worthy  of  note  is  the 
Fact  that  the  special  relaxation  provision  above  referred  to  apphes  only 
to  persons  coming  from  countries  where  immigration  effort  is  made, 
viz,  northern  and  western  European  countries  and  the  United  States, 

a  Report  of  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Canada,  1908,  p.  3. 

b  Appendix  A. 

c  Appendix  G,  Nos.  II  and  VII. 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  47 

and  when  tlic  persons  arc  suited  for  farm  work  and  intend  to  engage 
in  it.  Tlius  it  appears  that  the  Canadian  hiw  permits  the  erection  of 
more  or  less  effective  barriers  against  all  immigrants  at  times  when 
such  action  seems  wise,  but  that  the  l)arrier  may  be  lowered  to  ])er- 
mit  the  easy  entrance  of  the  particular  classes  officially  desired  by 
the  Dominion. 

Because  of  its  peculiar  significance  in  this  regard,  and  also  because 
it  illustrates  in  a  striking  way  the  possibihties  of  immigration  control 
under  section  20  generally,  the  following  order  of  the  governor- 
general  in  council,  dated  June  3,  1908,  is  presented  in  full:" 

\Miereas  by  the  Order  in  Council  of  the  18th  of  January,  1908,  it  is  provided  that  in 
accordance  mlh  section  20  of  the  Imniiiiration  Act,  the  Immigration  Agent  at  any  port 
i^hall  require  every  immigrant,  male  or  female,  18  years  of  age  or  over,  to  have  in 
his  or  her  possession  money  to  a  minimum  amount  of  $25,  in  addition  to  a  ticket  to  hia 
(>r  her  destination  in  Canada,  unless  satisfactory  evidence  is  furnished  that  the  immi- 
grant is  going  to  some  definite  employment  or  to  relatives  or  frientls  already  set  tied 
in  Canada,  who  will  take  care  of  such  immigrant,  and  by  a  further  Order  in  Council 
of  the  27th  of  March,  1908,  this  arrangement  is  continued  in  force; 

And  whereas  Canada  is  looking  primarily  for  immigrants  of  an  agricultural  class  to 
occu]iy  vacant  lands,  and  as  immigrants  from  Asia  belong,  as  a  rule,  to  laboring  classes, 
and  their  language  and  mode  of  life  render  them  unsuited  for  settlement  in  Canada 
where  there  are  no  colonies  of  their  own  people  to  insure  their  maintenance  in  case  of 
tlieir  inability  to  secure  employment,  it  is  necessary  that  provision  be  made  so  that 
such  immigrants  may  be  possessed  of  sufficient  money  to  make  them  temporarily 
independent  of  unfavorable  industrial  conditions  when  coming  into  Canada; 

Therefore  His  Excellency  the  Governor-General  in  Council  is  pleased  to  order  that 
the  amount  of  money  required  to  be  in  possession  of  each  immigrant  as  a  condition  to 
his  being  permitted  to  enter  Canada  shall  be  and  the  same  is  hereby  increased  to  §200 
in  the  case  of  all  Asiatic  immigrants  other  than  those  with  whose  countries  the  govern- 
ment of  Canada  has  special  arrangements  or  those  concerning  whose  countries  special 
statutory  regulations  exist  on  the  part  of  Canada;  the  conditions  as  to  tickets  to 
destination  to  remain  as  at  present. 

The  special  significance  of  this  order  lies  in  the  fact  that  it  erects 
a  formidable  barrier  against  the  immigration  to  Canada  of  East  Indian 
or  Hindu  laborers,  as  will  be  mentioned  later;  but  in  a  broader  sense 
it  illustrates  the  fact  that  section  20  confers  upon  the  government 
the  powder  to  practically  prohibit  immigration  to  Canada,  in  part  or  as 
a  wdiole,  if  deemed  expedient. 

Canada's  evident  determination  to  make  possible  the  absolute 
administrative  control  of  immigration  to  the  Dominion  is  still  more 
clearly  suggested  b}^  section  30  of  the  immigration  act,  w^hich  pro- 
vides that :  ^ 

The  Governor  in  Council  may,  by  proclamation  or  order,  whenever  he  considers  it 
necessary  or  expedient,  prohibit  the  landing  in  Canada  of  any  specified  class  of  immi- 
grants or  of  any  immigrants  who  have  come  to  Canada  otherwise  than  by  continuous 
journey  from  the  country  of  which  they  are  natives  or  citizens  and  upon  through 
tickets  purchased  in  that  country. 

This  section  w^as  presumably  framed  wdth  a  view  to  permittmg 
absolute  control  over  oriental  immigration,  but  it  would  seem  that  its 
possibihties  extend  far  beyond  that.  Under  its  provision  the  gov- 
ernor in  council,  on  May  27,  1908,  issued  an  order  wdiicli  provides  that 
after  the  date  mentioned — 

The  landing  in  Canada  shall  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  prohibited  of  any  immi- 
grants who  have  come  to  Canada  otherwise  than  by  continuous  journey  from  the  coun- 
try of  which  they  are  natives  or  citizens  and  upon  through  tickets  purchased  in  that 
country,  c 

o  Appendix  G,  No.  V.  &  Appendix  A.  c  Appendix  G,  No.  III. 


48  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

It  is  not  difficult  to  see  iii  this  order  another  barrier  agamst  Hindu 
immigration  mto  Canada,  but  if  carried  to  a  logical  and  entirely  pos- 
sible conclusion  it  might  as  readily  be  employed  to  prohibit  the  com- 
ing of  immigrants  from  any  country  not  having  direct  transportation 
connections  with  Canadian  ports. 

The  order  above  ([uoted  is  clearly  in  conformity  with  the  provisions 
of  section  30 ;  but  the  other  provision  of  the  same  section,  under  which 
the  governor  in  council  may  prohibit  the  landing  in  Canatla  of  any 
specified  class  of  immigrants,  has  not  been  put  into  practical  operation. 

The  proposed  amendments  to  the  Canadian  law,  as  represented  in 
the  government  bill  elsewhere  referred  to,  adhere  to  and  perhaps  even 
extend  the  discretionary  power  conferred  upon  the  administration  by 
the  present  law.  One  feature  of  t*he  above-mentioned  bill,  taken 
fi'oni  tlie  Australian  immigration  act,  proposes  to  confer  on  the  min- 
ister of  the  interior  the  right  to  issue  a  written  permit  to  any  j^crson 
to  enter  Canada  without  being  subject  to  the  provisions  of  the  immi- 
gration act.*  On  the  other  hand,  it  is  proposed  to  invest  the  gov- 
ernment with  the  })Ower  to  order  undesirable  immigrants  to  leave 
Canada.''  Other  sections  of  the  proposed  law  aim  to  give  the  gov- 
ernor in  council  authority  to'^ — 

(a)  Prohibit  the  landing  in  Canada  or  at  any  specified  ])ort  of  entry  in  Canada  of 
any  immigrant  who  has  come  to  Canada  otherwise  than  by  continuous  journey  from 
the  country  of  which  he  is  a  native  or  naturalized  citizen,  and  upon  a  through  ticket 
purchased  in  that  country. 

(/))  Prohibit  the  landing  in  Canada  of  passengers  brought  to  Canada  by  any  trans- 
])ortation  company  whicii  refuses  or  neglects  to  comply  witli  the  provisions  of  this  Act. 

(e)  Prohibit  for  a  stated  period  or  permanently  the  landing  in  Canada,  or  the  land- 
ing at  any  specified  port  of  entry  in  Canada,  of  immigrants  belonging  to  any  race 
deemed  unsuited  to  the  climate  or  requirements  of  Canada,  or  of  immigrants  of  any 
specified  class,  occupation,  or  character. 

In  short,  it  would  appear  from  the  proposed  law  that  it  is  intended 
to  confer  upon  the  government  the  right  to  admit,  exclude,  or  deport 
immigrants  whenever  the  circumstances  warrant. 

DEPORTATION    AFTER    LANDING. 

Although  the  number  of  immigrants  rejected  under  the  Canadian 
act  is  proportionately  nuich  smaller  than  under  the  United  States  law, 
Cana(la  has  an  additional  safeguanl,  or  second  line  of  defense,  in  a 
provision  of  the  immigration  act  which  makes  possible  a  general 
deportation  of  aliens  who  become  public  charges  within  two  years 
after  their  landing  in  the  Dominion. 

This  is  accomplished  under  section  28  of  the  immigration  act,  which 
section  provides  as  follows:'^ 

No  person  shall  be  permitted  to  land  in  Canada  who  is  a  pauper  or  destitute,  a  pro- 
fessional beggar  or  vagrant,  or  who  is  likely  to  become  a  public  charge;  and  any 
person  landed  in  Canada  who,  within  two  years  thereafter,  has  become  a  charge  upon 
the  pulilic  funds,  whether  municipal,  provincial,  or  federal,  or  an  inmate  of  or  a 
charge  upon  any  charitable  institution,  may  be  deported  and  returned  to  the  port  or 
place  whence  he  came  or  sailed  for  Canada. 

o  Appendix  B,  sec.    .  f  Ai)i)endix  B,  sec.  38. 

«» Appendix  B,  sec.  42.  d  Appendix  A. 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  49 

The  method  of  procedure  under  this  section  as  provided  in  section 
33  of  the  immigration  act  is  as  follows : " 

\Mienever  in  Canada  an  immigrant  has,  within  two  years  of  his  landing  in  Canada, 
become  a  public  charge,  or  an  inmate  of  a  penitentiary,  gaol,  pri.><on,  or  hospital  or 
other  charitable  institution,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  clerk  or  secretary  of  the  munici- 
pality to  forthwith  notify  the  Minister,  giAang  full  particulars. 

2.  On  receipt  of  such  "information  the  Minister  may,  in  his  discretion,  after  investi- 
gating the  facts,  order  the  deportation  of  such  immigrant  at  the  cost  and  charges  of 
such  immigrant  if  he  is  able  to  pay,  and  if  not,  then  at  the  cost  of  the  municipality 
wherein  he  has  last  been  regularly  resident,  if  so  ordered  by  the  Minister,  and  if  he  is  a 
vagrant  or  tramp  or  there  is  no  such  municipality,  then  at  the  cost  of  the  Department 
of  the  Interior. 

3.  When  the  immigrant  is  an  inmate  of  a  penitentiary,  gaol,  or  prison,  the  Minister 
of  Justice  may,  upon  the  request  of  the  Minister  of  the  Interior,  issue  an  order  to  the 
warden  or  governor  of  such  penitentiary,  gaol,  or  prison,  commanding  him  to  deliver 
the  said  immigrant  to  the  person  named  in  the  warrant  issued  by  the  Superintendent 
of  Immigration  as  hereinafter  provided,  -wath  a  view  to  the  deportation  of  such  immi- 
grant; and  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration  shall  issue  his  warrant  to  such  person 
as  he  may  authorize  to  receive  such  immigrant  from  the  warden  or  governor  of  the 
penitentiary,  gaol,  or  prison,  as  the  case  may  be,  and  such  order  and  warrant  may  be 
in  the  form  given  in  schedule  2  of  this  Act. 

4.  Such  order  of  the  Minister  of  Justice  shall  be  sufficient  authority  to  the  warden  or 
governor  of  the  penitentiary,  gaol,  or  prison,  as  the  case  may  be,  to  deliver  such  immi- 
grant to  the  person  named  in  the  warrant  of  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration  as  afore- 
said, and  such  warden  or  governor  shall  obey  such  order;  and  such  warrant  of  the  Super- 
intendent of  Immigration  shall  be  sufficient  authority  to  the  person  named  therein  to 
detain  such  immigrant  in  his  custody  in  any  part  of  Canada  until  such  immigrant  is 
delivered  to  the  authorized  agent  of  the  transportation  company  or  companies  which 
brought  him  into  Canada  with  a  view  to  his  deportation  as  herein  pro\dded. 

5.  Every  immigrant  deported  under  this  section  shall  be  carried  by  the  same  trans- 
portation company  or  companies  which  brought  him  into  Canada  to  the  port  from  which 
he  came  to  Canada  without  receiving  the  usual  payment  for  such  carriage. 

6.  In  case  he  was  brought  into  Canada  by  a  railway  company,  such  company  shall 
similarly  convey  him  or  secure  his  conveyance  from  the  municipality  or  locality 
whencehe  is  to  "be  deported  to  the  country  whence  he  was  brought. 

7.  Any  immigrant  deported  under  this  section  as  having  become  an  inmate  of  a 
penitentiary,  gaol,  or  prison,  who  returns  to  Canada  after  such  deportation  may  be 
brought  before  any  justice  of  the  peace  in  Canada;  and  such  justice  of  the  peace  shall 
thereupon  make  out  his  warrant  under  his  hand  and  seal  for  the  recorhmittal  of  such 
immigrant  to  the  penitentiar\%  gaol,  or  prison  from  which  he  was  deported,  or  to  any 
other  penitentiary,  gaol,  or  prison  in  Canada;  and  such  immigrant  shall  be  so  recom- 
mitted accordingly  and  shall  undergo  a  term  of  imprisonment  equal  to  the  residue  of 
his  sentence  which  remained  unexpired  at  the  time  of  his  deportation. 

By  this  provision  Canada  has  practically  established  a  proba- 
tionary period  of  two  years  during  which  admitted  immigrants  may 
be  effectively  tested  physically,  mentally,  morally,  and  industrially, 
and  deported  to  the  country  whence  they  came  if  found  unworthy. 
The  deportation  provision  in  the  present  Canadian  immigration  law 
became  effective  July  13,1 906.  Deportations  were  possible,  however, 
previous  to  that  time,  and  the  record  shows  that  between  January  1, 
1903,  and  March  31,  1909,  3,149  aliens  were  deported.  This  number 
distributed  by  fiscal  years  is  as  follows: '' 

1903 ^ 67 

1904 85 

1905 86 

1906 137 

1907 201 

1908 825 

1909 ■ 1,  748 

Total 3, 149 

a  Appendix  A.       b  Report  of  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Canada,  1909,  p.  59. 
35365— S.  Doc.  469,  61-2 4 


50  THE  IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA. 

It  will  be  noted  that  of  the  3,149  deportations  from  Canada  during 
the  past  seven  years,  2,573,  or  81.7  per  cent  of  the  whole,  have 
occurred  during  the  fiscal  years  1908  and  1909. 

The  racial  distribution  of  those  deported  was  as  follows :  "■ 

English : 2,007 

Scotch 206 

American  (United  States) 149 

Bulgarian ^„: 


Irish. 
Hebrew. 


81 
65 


Russian,  not  elsewhere  specified 56 

Galician ^ 

Roumanian ^ 

Swedish %% 

Greek ii 


Italian 


31 


Hindu. ::: 29 

Norwegian ^ 

French %^ 

Dutch 22 

Turkish 20 

Austrian,  not  elsewhere  specified ^ 

Danish Ir^ 

German |^ 

Finnish 1^ 

Welsh ^ 

Bukowinian ^ 

Hungarian ^ 

Icelandic ^ 

Polish ^ 

Japanese -. „ 

Belgian ^ 

Bohemian ^ 

West  Indian ^ 

Australian 2 

Chinese „ 

Swiss 2 

Syrian _ 

All  others 


Total. 


3.149 


Assuming  for  the  purposes  of  this  article  that  all  immigrants 
admitted  to  Canada  since  1901  have  under  the  law  been  subject  to 
deportation,  it  is  interesting  to  note  the  effect  on  the  various  immi- 
grant classes  as  shown  by  the  following  tables,  which  compare,  by 
class  of  immigrants,  the  deportations  of  aliens  from  Canada  since 
January  1,  1903,  with  the  number  of  immigrants  admitted  since  1901 : 

a  Compiled  from  report  of  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Canada,  1909,  p.  58. 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 


51 


Table  31. — Immigration  to  Canada  from  European  countries  where  immigration  effort 
is  made,  and  immigrants  from  same  countries  deported  after  admission,  iii  years  specified, 
by  race  or  people. 

[Compiled  from  reports  of  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Canada.] 


Race  or  people. 


^nimifjf°t«    Deported,    Proportion 
.°n,  in^'     1903-1909.      deported. 


United  Kingdom: 

English  and  Welsh. 

Irish 

Scotch 

Belgian 

Danish 

Dutch 

Finnish 

French 

German 

Icelandic 

Norwegian 

Swedish 

Swiss 

Total 

Total  United  Kingdom 
Total  others 


a  Including  8  Alsatian,  30  Bavarian,  158  Prussian,  41  Saxon. 

Table  32. — Immigration  to  Canada  from  European  countries,  including  Syria,  where 
no  immigration  effort  is  made,  and  immigrants  from  same  countries  deported  after 
admission,  in  years  specified,  by  race  or  people. 

[Compiled  from  reports  of  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Canada.] 


Race  or  people. 


Immigrants 
admitted, 
1901-1909. 


Armenian.. 
Austrian.. . 
Bukowinian 
Bulgarian.. 

Galician 

Greek 

Hebrew 

Hungarian. 

Italian 

Polish 

Roumanian 

Russian 

Ruthenian. 

Syrian 

Turkbh 

Others 

Total. 


378 
297 
413 
859 
509 
768 
347 
Si^l 
340 
807 
.804 
,765 
a33 
.910 
,470 
895 


235,076 


Departed , 
1903-1909. 


0 
20 

9 
137 
49 
32 
65 

8 
31 

5 
44 
56 

1 

2 
20 

5 


484 


Proportion 
deported. 


0 
1  to  415 
1  to  1,157 
Ito  21 
1  to  1,276 
1  to  87 
1  to  621 
ito  1,235 
1  to  1,559 
Ito  1,161 
1  to  86 
1  to  496 
Ito  1.033 
1  to  2,455 
Ito  74 
1  to     579 


1  to     486 


a  Including  1,001  Magyar. 

Table  33. — Immigration  to  Canada  from  the  United  States  ani  immigrants  from  same 
country  deported  after  admission,  in  years  specified. 

[Compiled  from  reports  of  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Canada.] 


Country. 


United  States . 


Immigrants 
admitted, 
1901-1909. 


Deported, 
1903-1909. 


393,908 


Proportion 
deported. 


1  to  2,644 


52 


THE   IMMIGKATIOiSr    SITUATION   IN    CANADA. 


Table  34. — Asiatic  immigration  to  Canada  and  Asiatic  immigrants  deported  after  admis- 
sion, in  years  specified,  by  race  or  people. 

[Compiled  from  reports  of  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Canada.] 


Race  or  people. 

Immigrants 
admitted, 
1901-1909. 

Deported, 
1903-1909. 

Proportion 
deported. 

Chinese 

3,890 
5,185 
12, 420 

2 

29 

4 

1  to  1, 945 

Hindu 

1  to     179 

Japanese 

1  to  3, 105 

Total 

21,495 

35 

1  to     614 

Table  35. — Total  immigration  to  Canada  and  total  immigrants  deported  after  admission, 
in  years  specified,  by  race,  people,  or  country. 

[Compiled  from  reports  of  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Canada.] 


Race,  people,  or  country. 


Immigrants    Denorted 
1901-1909.  '    ^"*  ^^'^' 


Proportion 
deported. 


North  and  west  European,  including  Icelandic 

Other  European,  including  SjTian 

United  States 

Asiatic 

Others 

Total 


5S2,  .339 

235, 071  •> 

393, 908 

21,495 

11,779 


2,472 

'484 

149 

35 


1  to  236 
1  to  486 
1  to  2, 644 
1  to  614 
1  to  1,309 


1,244,597 


3,149 


1  to     395 


As  previously  shown,  comparatively  few  immigrants  from  the  north 
and  west  of  Europe  are  denied  admission  to  Canada  on  arrival,  the  pro- 
portion rejected  to  those  admitted  in  1908  being  1  to  876,  while  among 
those  from  European  countries  where  no  immigration  effort  is  made 
the  proportion  was  1  to  138.  This  apparent  discrimination  suggests 
that  Canada  generally  accepts  immigrants  from  the  favored  countries 
on  probation,  and  that  other  Europeans  are  more  carefully  selected 
at  the  time  of  their  landing.  Wliatever  the  fact  in  this  regard  may 
be,  it  is  evident  that  no  discrimination  is  made  in  favor  of  any  race 
or  class  in  the  deportation  of  undesirables  after  landing.  As  the 
above  tables  indicate,  the  proportion  of  deported  immigrants  from 
European  countries  where  immigration  effort  is  made  is  more  than 
twice  as  great  as  the  proportion  of  those  from  other  European  countries. 
A  more  conclusive  proof  of  the  nondiscriminator}^  policy  of  Canada  in 
this  regard  is  shown  in  the  fact  that  the  proportion  of  English  and 
Welsh  deported,  1  to  187,  is  greater  than  that  of  any  other  races  except 
the  Dutch,  Greek,  Roumanian,  and  Turkish,  and  among  the  last 
named  the  numbers  involved  are  too  small  to  be  particularly  signifi- 
cant. In  striking  contrast  with  the  large  proportion  of  English  and 
Welsh  deported  is  the  small  proportion  of  Italians,  only  1  of  this 
race  being  deported  to  1,559  admitted. 

The  Japanese,  who  are  now  practically  excluded  from  admission 
to  Canada,  show  the  smallest  proportion  of  deportations,  1  to  3,105, 
and  immigrants  from  the  United  States  are  second  in  this  regard,  the 
proportion  of  deported  being  1  to  2,644. 


THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 


53 


In  his  annual  report  for  1908,  P.  H.  Bryce,  chief  medical  officer  of 
the  Canadian  department  of  immigration,  accounts  for  the  prepon- 
derance of  English  among  those  deported  after  admission  as  follows:  " 

Not  only  does  the  large  number  of  people  from  English  cities  cohie  to  om-  large 
cities,  but  it  is  especially  true  of  that  class,  "ne'er-do-wells,"  social  and  moral  dere- 
licts, 'and  ineffectives  in  general.  They  are  not  only  physically  unequal  to  the  task 
of  farm  life,  but  they  are  further  usually  incapable  of  enduring  the  quiet  of  rural 
life.  Hence  if  sent  to  the  country  they  too  frequently  drift  back  to  town,  and  when 
winter  comes  and  work  fails  they  seek  aid  in  those  institutions  set  apart  for  the  city 
poor  and  helpless. 

In  striking  contrast  with  this  is  the  following  comment  by  the  same 

official:'' 

The  notable  absence  of  mental  defectives  amongst  the  peoples  from  southern  coun- 
tries is  a  matter  of  much  interest  and,  contrary  to  a  too  popular  opinion,  it  appears 
that  if  compulsory  education  can  be  generally  enforced  we  have  in  such  races  not 
only  an  industrial  asset  of  great  value,  but  also  the  assurance  of  a  population  remark- 
ably free  from  the  degenerative  effects  seen  in  those  classes  which  have  been  for 
several  generations  factory  operatives  and  dwellers  in  the  congested  centres  of  large 
industrial  populations.  Recognizing  the  constant  and  increasing  need  of  a  popula- 
tion not  only  capable  of  but  willing  to  do  the  rougher  work  of  opening  up  new  areas 
by  building  railways  and  canals,  we  may  consider  it  a  fortunate  matter  if  such  can 
be  obtained  of  clean  blood  and  much  native  energy,  only  requiring  the  influence  of 
social  and  educational  environments  to  transform  them  into  good  citizens  and  absorb 
them  into  the  masses  of  our  law-abiding  and  progressive  communities. 

The  wide  range  of  causes  for  deportation  under  the  Canadian  law 
is  shown  by  the  following  table: 

Table  36. — Deportations  from  Canada  during  the  fiscal  year  1909,  by  causes. 
[From  Report  of  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Canada,  1909,  p.  109.] 


I.  General: 

Tuberculosis 

Alcoholism 

Rheumatism 

Syphilis 

Diabetes 

Cancer 

Abscess 

Anaemia 

Exophthalmia 

Hip  disease 

II.  Eyes: 

Defective  sight 

Cataract 

Trachoma 

III.  Nerves: 

Insane 

Feeble-minded 

Epilepsy 

Paralysis 

Nervous  debility 

Loss  of  memory 

Paresis 

Acute  nostalgia 

IV.  Circulatory: 

Heartdisease 

Varicose  veins  and  ulcer. 
V.  Respiratory: 

Bronchitis 

Emphysma 


54 
27 
15 
4 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 

11 
1 
1 

113 
35 
22 
4 
1 
1 
1 
1 

13 

7 


VI.  Digestion: 

Hernia 

Fistula 

VII.  Genito-urinary: 

Chronic  cystitis  (bladder) 

Kidneys  (Bright's) , 

VIII.  The  skin: 

Eczema 

IX.  Malformation: 

Senility 

Deafness 

Blindness 

Spinal  curvature 

Crippled .' 

Potts  disease 

X.  Accident: 

Frostbite 

Injured 

Rupture 

XL  Ill-defined: 

Physical  debility 

Physical  and  mental  debility. . 
XII.  other: 

Public  charge 1,074 


14 


Criminal. 

Vagrancy 

Accompanying. 

Prostitution 

Bad  character. . 


115 
56 
21 


o  Report  of  Superintendent 
6  Report  of  Superintendent 


1 
1 

of  Immigration,  Canada,  190>*,  p.  130. 
of  Immigration,  Canada,  1909,  p.  110. 


54 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA. 


The  following  table  shows  the  distribution  of  persons  deported 
from  Canada  during  the  past  two  years  by  cause  and  race: 

Table  37. — Immigrants  deported  from  Canada  after  admission,  by  race  or  nationality  and 
cause,  fiscal  years  1907  and  1908. 

[Compiled  from  reports  of  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Canada.] 


Race  or  nationality. 

Tuber- 
culosis. 

Insanity. 

other 
physical 

and 
mental 
diseases 
and  dis- 
abilities. 

Crimi- 
nals. 

Public 
charges. 

others. 

Total. 

United  Kingdom: 

49 
5 
5 
1 

121 
9 
14 

1 

140 
6 
10 

1 
2 

31 
3 

8 

172 
11 

17 

153 

7 
9 

666 

41 

63 

Welsh 

3 

2 

63 

3 

4 

63 

3 
1 
2 

1 

1 

7 

2 

5 
1 

9 

1 
1 
6 
3 
6 

4 

5 

4 
1 
3 

2 

6 

8 

3 
1 
4 

7 
1 

26 

6 

1 

2 
5 
2 
1 
2 
1 
3 
8 
2 

16 

5 

3 
2 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 

1 

1 

6 

3 
1 
1 

4 
2 

2 
5 

1 
3 
7 
2 

5 

14 

9 

4 

12 

United  States 

5 
3 

29 

52 

others 

8 

Total                

85 

182 

185 

58 

302 

214 

1,026 

It  will  be  noted  that,  with  the  exception  of  the  Bulgarians,  all  of 
whom  were  deported  as  public  charges,  the  various  causes  of  deporta- 
tion were  well  distributed  among  the  races.  Particularly  suggestive 
is  the  fact  that  the  English  contributed  largely  to  each  class  of  what 
Mr.  Bryce  terms  "  ineffectives  in  general." 

The  Canadian  law  relating  to  the  deportation  of  admitted  aliens  is 
radically  different  from  the  United  States  law  upon  the  same  subject. 
Under  the  latter  but  one  class  of  aliens  can  be  cleported  for  acts  com- 
mitted or  because  of  circumstances  due  to  causes  which  arise  subse- 
quent to  their  admission  to  the  United  States.  The  exception  noted 
occurs  in  section  3  of  the  immigration  law  of  February  20, 1907,«  which 
provides  that — 

any  alien  woman  or  girl  who  shall  be  found  an  inmate  of  a  house  of  prostitution  or 
practicing  prostitution  at  any  time  within  three  years  after  she  shall  have  entered  the 
United  States  shall  be  deemed  to  be  unlawfully  within  the  United  States  and  shall 
be  deported    *    *    *. 

The  United  States  law,  however,  also  provides :  ^ 

That  any  alien  who  shall  enter  the  United  States  in  violation  of  law,  and  such  as 
become  public  charges  from  causes  existing  prior  to  landing,  shall,  upon  the  warrant 
of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  be  taken  into  custody  and  deported  to  the 
country  whence  he  came  at  any  time  within  three  years  after  the  date  of  his  entry  into 
the  United  States. 


a  Appendix  C. 

b  Section  20,  United  States  immigration  act  of  February  20,  1907. 


Appendix  C. 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  55 

A  comparison  of  the  last-mentioned  provision  of  the  United  States 
hiw  with  section  28  of  the  Canadian  act,  previously  quoted  (p.  48), 
clearly  indicates  the  radically  different  policy  of  the  two  countries 
in  this  regard.  Under  the  Canadian  law  deportation  is  not  restricted 
to  those  cases  where  the  alien  becomes  a  public  charge  from  causes 
existing  prior  to  landing,  Imt  he  may  be  deported  from  Canada  for  causes 
arising  at  any  time  within  two  years  after  landing.  Because  of  this 
difference  in  the  law  and  policy  of  the  two  governments  it  is  impos- 
sible to  make  comparison  other  than  to  merely  indicate  the  result 
obtained  under  each.  This  is  presented  in  the  following  table,  which 
shows  the  number  of  immigrants  admitted  to  each  country  during 
the  last  three  fiscal  years,  and  the  number  deported  from  each  country 
after  admission  during  the  same  period: 

Table  38. — Immigra)its  admitted  and  aliens  deported  after  admission,  Canada  and  the 
United  States,  fiscal  years  1907  to  1909. 

[Compiled  from  reports  of  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Canada,  and  reports  of  United  States  Com- 
missioner-General of  Immigration.] 


Country. 

Immigrants 
admitted. 

Aliens 
deported. 

Proportion 

deported. 

Canada            

534,044 
2,820,005 

2,774 
5,188 

1  to  193 

United  States 

1  to  544 

As  previously  stated,  no  restriction  is  placed  upon  the  deportation 
of  delmquent,  defective,  and  otherwise  undesirable  aliens  from  Can- 
ada, except  that  such  deportation  must  be  for  causes  arising  within 
two  years  after  arrival.  Under  the  United  States  law  the  process  of 
deportation,  except  in  the  case  of  prostitutes  as  noted,  is  accompanied 
by  the  necessity  of  proving  illegal  entry  into  the  country  or,  m  the  case 
of  public  charges,  that  they  became  such  from  causes  existmg  jjrior 
to  landing.  Moreover,  under  the  Canadian  law  municipal  authorities 
are  required  to  cooperate  with  government  officials  in  making  the 
deportation  provision  effective,  an  arrangement  wliicli  does  not  and 
can  not  exist  in  the  United  States.  On  the  other  hand,  the  United 
States  law  permits  deportation  within  three  instead  of  two  years. 
All  things  considered,  the  possibility  of  deporting  undesirable  aliens 
is  much  less  restricted  in  Canada  than  in  the  United  States,  but  the 
above  table  indicates  that,  in  spite  of  severe  legal  restrictions  and 
the  absence  of  comj^ulsory  assistance  from  state  or  municipal  authori- 
ties, the  comparative  results  obtained  in  the  United  States  were 
decidedly  favorable. 

The  possible  effect  of  the  adoption  in  the  United  States  of  the  depor- 
tation provisions  in  the  Canadian  law  must  of  necessity  be  a  matter  of 
speculation.  A  suggestion  in  this  regard,  however,  based  on  the  cen- 
sus of  alien  inmates  of  penal,  reformatory,  insane,  and  charitable 
institutions  in  the  United  States  made  by  the  Bureau  of  Immigration 
in  1908,  is  interesting  if  not  conclusive.  The  census  referred  to  included 
all  penal,  reformatory,  and  charitable  institutions,  public  and  private, 
including  county  jails  and  poorhouses,  institutions  for  feeble-mmded, 
hospitals,  asylums,  and  penal  institutions  of  all  classes  in  the  United 
States  and  in  Alaska,  Hawaii,  and  Porto  Rico.  In  the  case  of  all 
aliens  detained  in  institutions  covered  by  this  census  an  attempt  was 
made  to  learn  the  length  of  tune  they  had  been  in  the  United  States. 


56  THE   IMMIGRATION-   SITUATION   IN   CANADA. 

Tliis  information  could  not  be  secured  from  all  aliens,  and  the  percent- 
ages which  appear  hereafter  are  based  upon  answers  of  aliens  from 
whom  this  information  could  be  obtained.'*  The  data,  moreover,  are 
not  entirely  reliable  for  the  purpose  at  hand,  as  the  census  included 
some  ahens  classed  as  crinnnals  who,  wliile  detained  in  penal  insti- 
tutions at  the  tune,  had  not  actually  been  convicted  of  crime.  The 
census  also  included  persons  detained  for  mmor  ofl^enses  as  well  as 
serious  crimes,  and  it  is  probable  that  even  under  the  sweeping  pro- 
visions of  the  Canadian  law  not  all  of  tliis  class  would  have  been 
considered  deportable. 

The  results  of  the  census  show  that  60,501  aliens  or  unnaturahzed 
foreign-born  persons  were  detained  in  all  penal,  reformatory,  and 
charitable  institutions,  and  the  approximate  number  who  had  been 
in  the  United  States  two  years  or  less  was  7.769. 

The  following  table  shows  tliis  result  in  detail : 

Table  39. — Aliens  detained   in  penal,  reformatory ,  and  charitable  institutions,  United 
States,  1908,  by  class  and  length  of  time  in  country. 

[Compiled  from  report  of  United  States  Commissioner-General  of  Immigration,  1908.] 


Class. 

Total. 

In  country  two 
years  or  less. 

Number.   Per  cent. 

15,323 
25. 606 
19, 572 

3.049              19.9 

845  1             3.3 

3.875              19.8 

Total 

60,501 

7,769  1 

^ 

The  total  number  of  inmates  of  all  institutions  enumerated  was 
610,477,  including  60,501  aliens,  73,593  naturalized  citizens,  and 
476,383  native  born,  and  theoretically,  under  the  Canadian  law, 
7,769,  or  1  to  every  79  of  the  whole  number  detained,  were  deportable. 

The  bill  previously  referred  to,  proposing  amendments  to  the 
present  Canadian  immigration  law,  contemplates  important  changes 
m  the  matter  of  the  deportation  of  aliens  after  admission  to  Canada. 
In  this  bill  the  period  during  which  cause  for  deportation  may  arise  is 
fixed  at  three  years  instead  of  two  as  in  the  present  law.  The  bill 
also  proposes  to  invest  boards  of  inquiry  with  authority  to  deport 
undesirable  aliens  of  certain  classes  who  have  already  been  admitted 
to  Canada.  The  classes  particularly  referred  to  in  this  regard  are 
anarchists  and  persons  who  "shall  by  common  repute  belong  to  or  be 
suspected  of  belonging  to  any  secret  society  or  organization  which 
extorts  money  from,  or  in  any 'way  attempts  to  control,  any  resident  of 
Canada  by  force  or  threat  of  bodily  harm,  or  by  blackmail ;     *    *    *."'' 

MEDICAL    OFFICERS    AND    THEIR    DUTIES. 

The  Canadian  immigration  laws  and  regulations  confer  great  admin- 
istrative authority  uj^on  medical  officers,  especially  ^\\i\\  reference  to 
the  admission,  exclusion,  and  deportation  of  immigrants.     The  chief 

a  Report  of  United  States  Commissioner-General  of  Immigration,  1908,  p.  96. 
6  Appendix  B,  sees.  40,  41,  42. 


THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  57 

medical  officer  is  directly  responsible  to  the  immigration  department 
for  the  proper  enforcement  of  regulations  necessary  to  prevent  the 
landing  of  undesirable  immigrants.  Local  medical  officers  at  ports 
of  landing  exercise  like  authority  in  a  more  restricted  field.  The 
following  regulation  issued  under  the  Canadian  law,  and  applied 
alike  to  the  chief  and  to  local  medical  officers,  illustrates  the  peculiar 
powers  vested  in  these  officials:" 

All  agents  and  officials  of  the  department  must  obey  all  directions  given  by  the 
medical  officer  regarding  the  deportation  or  the  retention  of  any  immigrants  with 
respect  to  whose  health  there  has  been,  or  is,  any  question. 

In  striking  contrast  with  this  is  the  position  of  medical  officers 
under  the  United  States  immigration  law,  section  17  of  which 
provides  :& 

That  the  physical  and  mental  examination  of  all  arriving  aliens  shall  be  made  by 
medical  officers  of  the  United  States  Public  Health  and  Marine-Hospital  Service, 
*  *  *  who  shall  certify  for  the  information  of  the  immigration  officers  and  the 
boards  of  special  inquiry  *  *  *  any  and  all  physical  and  mental  defects  or  dis- 
eases observed  by  said  medical  officers  in  any  such  alien     *    *    *. 

To  complete  the  contrast,  attention  is  directed  to  the  following 
regulation  of  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Immigration  relative  to 
medical  officers  detailed  from  the  Public  Health  and  Marine-Hospital 
Service  to  the  immigration  service :  *= 

Every  officer  of  such  service  (United  States  Public  Health  and  Marine-Hospital 
Service)  detailed  for  this  duty  shall,  subject  to  the  instructions  of  the  Surgeon-Gen- 
eral of  the  Public  Health  and  Marine-Hospital  Service,  be  under  the  direction  of  the 
immigration  officer  in  charge  of  the  port  to  which  he  may  be  detailed. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  authority  of  the  United  States  medical 
officer  does  not  extend  beyond  the  mere  certification  of  the  physical 
and  mental  condition  of  immigrants,  their  admission  or  exclusion 
being  entirely  in  the  hands  of  the  immigration  officers,  boards  of 
special  inquiry,  and  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  except  in 
cases  where  rejection  is  mandatory  under  the  law. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  Canadian  medical  officer  exercises  abso- 
lute authority  with  regard  to  the  admission  or  rejection  of  immi- 
grants when  the  matter  of  health  is  in  question  and  his  functions  as 
an  administrative  officer  of  the  government  extend  even  beyond  this. 
In  short,  the  duties  of  the  Canadian  medical  officer  are  administra- 
tive as  well  as  professional,  while  the  United  States  medical  officer 
serves  merely  in  an  advisory  capacity. 

CONTRACT    LABOR 

Canada's  contract  labor  policy  is  exceedingly  interesting  in  com- 
parison with  the  United  States  policy  in  that  regard. 

An  immigrant  coming  to  Canada  without  having  first  assured 
himself  that  some  definite  employment  awaits  him  is  quite  likely 
to  be  debarred  on  that  account  from  entering;'*  while  an  immigrant 

a  Report  Canadian  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  1903,  p.  viii. 

b  Appendix  C. 

c  United  States  Immigration  Laws  and  Regulations,  eighth  edition,  December  15, 
1909,  p.  33. 

^Circular  letter  "In  re  exclusion  of  over-seas  immigrants,''  Canadian  Superin' 
tendent  of  Immigration.     Appendix  D. 


58  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION   IN    CANADA. 

who  comes  to  the  United  States  with  such  assurance,  and  admits  it, 
is  necessarily  exchided  as  a  contract  laborer.*^ 

The  difference  in  the  pohcy  of  the  two  countries  as  far  as  individual 
cases  of  so-called  contract  labor  are  concerned  is  strikingly  illus- 
trated at  Canadian  ports  where  immigrants  destined  both  to  Canada 
and  the  United  States  are  examined.  A  single  instance  observed 
by  a  member  of  the  Commission  will  illustrate  the  point.  At  Quebec 
recently  a  young  Englishman  destined  to  a  middle  western  State 
was  held  for  the  United  States  board  of  special  inquiry  because  he 
innocently  admitted  to  an  inspector  that  his  brother,  alreatly  in  the 
United  States,  had  assured  him  that  he  could  have  work  on  a  rail- 
road if  he  would  come.  Acting  upon  that  assurance  he  left  England 
to  join  the  brother.  When  examined  before  the  Board,  he  stated 
that  he  did  not  know  the  name  of  the  railroad  or  the  nature  of  the 
work,  but  simply  had  been  assured  that  such  a  place  awaited  him. 
A  rigid  though  sympatlietic  cross-examination  failed  to  change  the 
young  man's  story,  and  he  was  excluded  by  the  Board,  a  decision 
which  could  hardly  have  been  otherwise  under  the  provision  of  the 
United  States  law  which  excludes — " 

persons  *  *  *  called  contract  laborers,  who  have  been  induced  or  solicited  to 
migrate  to  this  country  by  offers  or  promises  of  employment  or  in  consequence  of 
agreements,  oral,  written,  or  printed,  expressed  or  implied,  to  perform  labor  in  this 
country  of  any  kind,  skilled  or  unskilled. 

While  the  above-mentioned  case  was  being  considered  before  the 
United  States  board,  Canadian  officials  were  conducting  an  examina- 
tion of  Canadian-bound  immigrants  from  the  same  ship  in  which 
assured  employment  was  insistetl  upon  as  one  of  the  chief  requisites 
to  admission. 

Canada's  policy  in  this  regard  is  clearly  illustrated  by  the  followmg 
from  an  advertising  pamplilet  issued  by  the  authority  of  the  Minister 
of  the  Interior:'' 

Importayit.— Farmers,  farm  laborers,  and  female  domestic  servants  are  the  only 
people  the  Canadian  immigration  department  advises  to  emigrate  to  Canada.  All 
others  should  get  definite  assurance  of  employment  in  Canada  before  leavmg  home 
and  have  money  enough  to  support  them  for  a  time  in  case  of  disappointment. 

PROTECTION    OF    IMMIGRANTS. 

Under  the  Canadian  system  the  official  interest  of  the  government 
in  the  immigrant  continues  imtil  he  has  secured  empk)yment  or 
reached  his  final  destination  in  Canada.  At  many  points  in  the  dis- 
tricts to  which  immigrants  go  the  immigration  department  maintains 
agencies  which  assist  the  newcomers,  and  so-called  immigration  halls 
for  the  free  accommodation  of  newly  arrived  immigrants  have  been 
estabhshed  at  various  places.  The  Dominion  government  also  main- 
tains free  information  or  employment  bureaus  in  the  principal  centers 
for  the  benefit  of  employers  of  labor  as  well  as  persons  seeking  employ- 
ment. Through  these  bureaus  the  immigration  department  and  its 
agents  abroad  are  kept  informed  as  to  the  demand  for  labor  in 
various  parts  of  the  country,  and  so  are  enabled  to,  in  part,  direct 
immigrants  to  points  where  assured  employment  awaits  them.     In 

a  Section  2,  United  States  immigration  act  of  February  20,  1907.     Appendix  C. 
b  "Classes  Wanted  in  Canada."     Issued  by  the  authority  of  the  Minister  of  the 
Interior,  Ottawa,  1909. 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA.  59 

many  cases  the  agents  abroad  advise  the  employment  bureaus  of  the 
coming  of  immigrants  in  order  that  arrangements  for  their  emphiy- 
ment  may  be  completed  by  the  time  they  reach  Canada.  The 
Canadian'  department  seeks  to  protect  newly  arrived  immigrants 
from  all  kinds  of  imposition  and  exploitation.  Hotels  and  boarding 
houses  patronized  b}^  immigrants  are  regulated  by  law,"  and  generally 
the  newcomers  are  treated  as  wards  of  the  government  until  they 
are  finally  established. 

An  instance  of  Canada's  care  of  the  immigrant  appears  in  the 
cooperation  of  the  department  with  the  various  churches.  The 
Canadian  steamship  manifest  contains  among  other  incjuiries  a  ques- 
tion relative  to  the  religion  of  the  immigrant.  The  immigration 
authorities  state  that  officials  of  the  department  are  instructed  not 
to  insist  upon  an  answer  to  this  question  if  any  objection  to  answering 
it  is  raised  by  the  immigrant.  The  information,  it  is  stated,  is 
gathered  not  because  the  government  lays  any  stress  upon  religious 
belief  or  makes  it  in  any  sense  a  test  of  the  admissibility  of  the 
immigrant,  but  largely  in  order  to  assist  the  churches  in  work  among 
those  newly  arrived.  A  list  of  arriving  immigrants,  classified  by 
their  religious  belief,  and  their  destinations,  is  furnished  to  the  head 
of  any  religious  denomination  requesting  the  same.  Such  church 
officials  are  enabled  in  this  way  to  notify  church  authorities  in  dif- 
ferent localities  of  the  arrival  of  such  immigrants,  and  it  is  said  that 
much  good  results,  not  merely  in  putting  the  new  immigrants  into 
better  social  surroundings,  but  also  in  the  way  of  helping  them  to 
secure  work. 

a  Sees.  40  and  58,  Canadian  immigration  act.    Appendix  A. 


Chapter  V. 
ORIENTAL  IMMIGRATION. 

Canada,  in  common  with  other  colonial  possessions  of  Great  Britain 
and  with  the  United  States,  has  an  oriental  immigration  problem, 
and  like  other  countries  has  adopted  a  policy  which  practically 
excludes  Asiatic  laborers.  As  in  the  United  States,  oriental  immi- 
gration was  for  a  considerable  period  confined  almost  exclusively  to 
the  Chinese.  Later  came  the  Japanese,  and  finally  the  Hindus,  or 
East  Indians.  These  immigrants,  for  the  most  part,  settled  on  the 
Pacific  coast,  and  the  Province  of  British  Columbia  led  the  movement 
for  their  exclusion. 

In  1900  the  legislative  assembly  of  this  Province  adopted  what  was 
known  as  the  "British  Columbia  Immigration  Act.""  This  act  was 
framed  to  exclude  Asiatics  primarily,  but  by  its  terms  all  illiterates 
might  also  be  denied  admission  to  the  Province.  The  provision 
under  which  it  was  sought  to  accomplish  this  end  was  as  follows : 

The  immigration  into  British  Columbia  of  any  person  who,  when  asked  to  doso  by 
the  officer  appointed  under  this  Act,  shall  fail  himself  to  WTite  out  and  sign  in  the 
characters  of  some  language  of  Europe,  an  application  to  the  provincial  secretary  of  the 
Province  of  British  Columbia,  to  the  effect  of  the  form  set  out  in  Schedule  B  to  this 
Act  annexed,  shall  be  unlawful. 

Schedule  B,  referred  to,  was  as  follows: 

Schedule  B. 

Province  of  British  Columbia. 

Sir:  I  claim  to  be  exempt  from  the  operation  of  the  "  British  Columbia  Immigration 

Act,  1900."    My  full  name  is .     My  place  of  abode  for  the  past  twelve  months 

has  been  .     My  business  or  calling  is  .     I  was  born  at  ,  in  the 

year  . 

Yours,  etc.,  • 

The  act  further  provided  that — 

An  immigrant  making  his  way  into  or  being  found  in  British  Columbia  in  con- 
travention of  the  provisions  of  this  Act  shall  not  be  entitled  to  a  license  to  carry  on 
any  trade  or  calling  that  is  subject  to  the  legislative  authority  of  British  Columbia, 
nor  shall  he  be  entitled  to  acquire  and  hold  land,  or  to  any  of  the  rights  or  privileges 
of  a  free  miner,  or  to  a  free  miner's  certificate,  or  to  exercise  the  franchise,  and  any 
license  or  franchise  right  which  may  have  been  acquired  in  contravention  of  this  Act 
shall  be  void. 

The  "British  Columbia  Immigration  Act"  was  disallowed  by  Earl 
Minto,  Governor-General  of  Canada,  in  1901.^ 

a  Chapter  11,  Revised  Statutes,  British  Columbia,  1900. 
b  The  British  Columbia  Gazette,  Oct.  10,  1901,  p.  1677. 

60 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IX    CANADA.  01 

Similar  acts  were  passed  by  the  legislative  assembly  of  British 
Columbia  in  1902,^^  1903,^  1904,^^  and  1905,'^  but  all  were  disallowed. 
In  each  of  these  acts  the  immigrant's  admission  to  British  Columbia 
was  conditioned  upon  his  ability  to  ''write  in  the  characters  of  some 
language  of  Europe."  The  acts  of  1902  and  1903  proposed  a  reading 
test  also,  and  the  acts  of  1904  and  1905  required  that  the  immigrant 
A\Tite  at  dictation  "in  the  characters  of  some  language  of  Europe," 
and  sign  "a  passage  of  50  words  in  length  in  an  European  language." 

Although  British  Columbia  was  unable  to  legislate  effectively 
against  ^^iatic  immigration  the  agitation  for  restriction  continued 
until  the  Canadian  government  adopted  measures  which  resulted  in 
practically  excluding  Asiatic  immigrants  from  the  Dominion. 

CHINESE    IMMIGRATION. 

Canada,  like  the  United  States,  dealt  with  the  Chinese  situation 
through  special  legislation,  but  sought  to  prevent  their  coming  by 
means  of  a  prohibitive  head  tax  rather  than  by  absolute  restriction. 
At  first  the  tax  was  fixed  at  $50,  but  evidently  this  did  not  have  the 
desired  effect,  for  the  amount  was  increased  from  time  to  time  until 
at  present  every  Chinaman,  except  those  belonging  to  a  limited 
exempt  class,  is  required  to  pay  $500  for  the  privilege  of  entering 
Canada.     The  Canadian  law  in  this  regard  is  as  follows :« 

Every  person  of  Chinese  origin,  irrespective  of  allegiance,  shall  pay  into  th3  Con- 
solidated Revenue  Fund  of  Canada,  on  entering  Canada,  at  the  port  or  place  of  entry, 
a  tax  of  five  hundred  dollai-s,  except  the  following  persons  who  shall  be  exempt  from 
such  payment,  that  is  to  say: 

(fl)  The  members  of  the  diplomatic  corps,  or  other  government  representatives, 
their  suites  and  their  servants,  and  consuls  and  consular  agents. 

{b)  The  children  born  in  Canada  of  parents  of  Chinese  origin  and  who  have  left  Canada 
for  educational  or  other  piuposes,  on  substantiating  their  identity  to  the  satisfaction 
of  the  controller  at  the  port  or  place  where  they  seek  to  enter  on  their  return. 

(c)  Merchants,  their  wives  and  minor  children;  the  wives  and  minor  children  of 
clerg\'men;  tourists;  men  of  science;  (subject  to  such  regulations  as  may  from  time 
to  time  be  made  by  the  Governor  in  Council)  duly  certified  teachers;  who  shall  sub- 
stantiate their  status  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  controller,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the 
Minister,  or  who  are  bearers  of  certificates  of  identity,  or  other  similar  documents  issued 
by  the  Government  or  by  a  recognized  official  or  representative  of  the  Government 
whose  subjects  they  are,  specifjdng  their  occupation  and  their  object  in  coming  into 
Canada. 

2.  Every  such  certificate  or  other  document  shall  be  in  the  English  or  French 
language,  and  shall  be  examined  and  endorsed  (\dse)  by  a  British  consul  or  charge 
d'affaires  or  other  accredited  representative  of  His  Majesty,  at  the  place  where  it  is 
granted,  or  at  the  port  or  place  of  departure. 

3.  A  student  of  Chinese  origin  who  upon  first  entering  Canada  has  substantiated 
his  status  as  such  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  controller,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the 
Minister,  and  who  is  the  bearer  of  a  certificate  of  identity,  or  other  similar  document 
issued  by  the  Government  or  a  recognized  official  or  representative  of  the  Government 
whose  subject  he  is,  and  who  at  that  time  satisfies  the  controller  that  he  is  entering 
Canada  for  the  pm-pose  of  securing  a  higher  education  in  one  of  the  recognized  univer- 
sities, or  in  some  other  educational  institution  approved  by  the  Governor  in  CouncU 
for  the  purposes  of  this  section,  and  who  afterwards  furnishes  satisfactory  proof  thathe 
has  been  a  bona  fide  student  in  such  university  or  educational  institution  for  a  period 
of  one  year  shall  be  entitled  to  a  refund  of  the  tax  paid  by  him  upon  his  entry  into 
Canada. 

oChap.  34,  Revised  Statutes,  British  Columbia,  1902. 
6  Chap.  12,  Revised  Statutes,  British  Columbia,  1903. 
cChap.  26,  Revised  Statutes,  British  Columbia,  1904. 
dChap.  28,  Revised  Statutes,  British  Columbia,  1905. 
«  Canadian  Chinese  Immigration  Act,  sec.  7,  as  amended  July  20,  1908. 


62  THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA. 

In  1907  Mr.  W.  L.  Mackenzie  King,  now  Minister  of  Labor,  but  then 
Deputy  Minister,  was  appointed  a  commissioner  to  inquire  into  the 
methods  by  which  oriental  laborers  had  been  induced  to  come  to 
Canada,  and  from  his  report  upon  the  subject  is  quoted  the  following 
statement  relative  to  Chinese  immigration  to  Canada,  past  and 
present:'^ 

It  was  in  the  days  of  gold  discovery  in  the  mines  of  Cassiar  and  Caribou  in  the 
early  sixties,  and  of  the  construction  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  in  the  early 
eighties,  that  immigration  from  China  to  Canada  took  place  on  a  considerable  scale, 
there  being  no  restrictions  of  any  kind  imposed.  The  numbers  became  such,  how- 
ever, that  in  1884  the  government  of  the  day  found  it  necessary  to  appoint  a  royal 
commission  to  make  inquiry  concerning  this  immigration,  and.  in  *  *  *  1886 
a  tax  of  850  per  head  was  imposed  on  every  Chinese  immigrant.  The  number 
of  Chinese  who  had  come  into  Canada  at  that  "time  was  estimated  as  between  9,000 
and  10,000.  The  Dominion  census  for  the  year  1891  gave  the  total  of  Chinese  in 
Canada  as  9,129,  of  which  number  8,910  were  in  British  Columbia.  From  these 
figures  it  would  appear  that  the  large  influx  of  Chinese  into  British  Columbia  during 
the  building  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  was  well  absorbed,  nearly  all  appa- 
rently remaining  in  this  country  or  others  coming  in  to  take  their  place.  During 
the  following  decade  the  numbers  so  increased  that  in  1900  the  Dominion  govern- 
ment increased  the  capitation  tax  from  $50  to  $100,  the  increase  to  take  effect  on 
January  1,  1901.  It  was  contended  by  the  people  of  British  Columbia  that  this  was 
inadequate  and  ineffective  in  preventing  Chinese  immigration  to  Canada,  and  the 
government  in  the  same  year  appointed  a  second  commission  to  investigate  concern- 
ing Chinese  and  Japanese  immigration  into  the  province.  The  census  in  1901  gave 
the  total  number  of  Chinese  in  Canada  as  16,792,  of  which  by  far  the  greater  portion 
were  in  the  Province  of  British  Columbia.  The  commission  appointed  in  1900  found 
that,  as  represented,  the  $100  head  tax  upon  Chinese  was  ineffective  and  inadequate, 
and  recommended  that  the  amount  of  the  tax  be  increased  to  $500.  Adopting  this 
recommendation,  Parliament,  in  July,  1903,  enacted  a  law  placing  a  tax  of  $500  on 
all  Chinese  entering  the  country,  but  its  provisions  did  not  come  into  force  till  Jan- 
uary 1,  1904.  The  returns  show  that  between  June,  1900,  and  January  1,  1904,  over 
16,000  Chinese  paid  the  tax  of  $100,  as  follows: 

Fiscal  vear — 

June,  1900-1901 2,  518 

June,  1901-2 3,  525 

June.  1902-3 5,  245 

June,  1903,  to  January  1,  1904 4,719 

Total 16,  007 

In  other  words,  the  total  Chinese  population  in  Canada  nearly  doubled  during  the 
years  1900  to  1903,  inclusive.  Assuming  that  the  bulk  of  the  Chinese  who  came  into 
the  country  remained  here,  it  would  appear  that  at  the  time  the  $500  tax  was  imposed 
there  were  over  30,000  Chinese  in  Canada,  most  of  whom  were  in  the  Province  of 
British  Columbia.  What  effect  the  new  legislation  had  will  be  apparent  from  the 
following  figures,  which  show  the  number  of  Chinese  who  have  paid  the  tax  in  the 
years  since  the  $500  limit  was  imposed : 

From  Januarv  1,  1904,  to  June  30,  1904 0 

From  June  30,  1904,  to  June  30,  1905 8 

From  June  30,  1905,  to  June  30,  1906 22 

From  June  30,  1906,  to  June  30,  1907 91 

From  June  30,  1907,  to  March  31,  1908 1,  482 

Paradoxical  as  it  may  be,  the  all  but  complete  cessation  of  Chinese  immigration 
which  followed  the  increase  of  the  capitation  tax  to  $500,  which  cessation  continued 
up  until  the  beginning  of  1907,  and  the  sharp  upward  movement  which  has  taken  place 
since,  are  each,  in  large  measure,  the  result  of  the  increase  in  the  amount  of  the  tax. 
The  explanation  is  simple.  Prior  to  the  imposition  of  any  tax,  Chinese  came  to  this 
country  in  such  numbers  that  they  not  only  entered  into  serious  competition  with 
white  labor,  but  being  in  such  numbers,  there  was  more  or  less  competition  among 

a  Report  of  the  Royal  Commission  appointed  to  inquire  into  the  methods  by  which 
oriental  laborers  have  been  induced  to  come  to  Canada,  W.  L.  Mackenzie  King, 
C.  M.  G.,  Commissioner,  Ottawa,  1908,  pp.  69-72, 


THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  63 

themselves.  Unfamiliar  with  the  conditions  in  Canada,  having  come  from  a  land 
where  unskilled  labor  earns  from  5  to  10  cents  per  day,  and  skilled  about  double,  and 
at  most  treble,  that  amount,  a  wage  of  $20  to  $10  a  month  to  a  laborer  and  a  wage  of  $10 
to  $30  to  a  servant,  appeared  to  afford  the  opportunity  of  saving,  within  the  course  of  a 
few  years,  that  fortune  which  the  Chinese  immigrant  came  to  this  country  to  seek. 
Labor  agencies  and  contractors  found  it  a  ])roiitable  l)usiness  to  bring  Chinese  in  large 
numbers  to  the  country.  Yip  Sang,  a  prominent  Chinese  merchant  of  Vancouver, 
stated  that  were  there  no  tax  at  the  present  time,  at  least  8,000  would  come  out  each 
year,  and  that  he  himself  would  bring  out  Chinese  in  large  numbers.  Chinese  brought 
to  this  country  by  labor  agencies  and  contractors,  or  who  had  come  of  their  own  voli- 
tion, by  informing  relatives  and  friends  in  China  of  opportunities  here,  set  up  what 
may  be  described  as  a  natural  flow  in  the  tide  of  Chinese  emigration;  this  tide  the  tax 
of  $50  or  $100  was  too  small  to  check. 

The  imposition  of  a  $500  tax  administered  a  death  blow  to  the  work  of  the  labor 
agencies  and  contractors.  For  a  while  it  raised  an  almost  effective  barrier  against  the 
natural  tide.  An  advance  of  $50  or  even  $100  to  emigrants  coming  under  the  guarantee 
of  service  was  a  risk  which  agencies  or  contractors,  considering  first  the  security  of  their 
profits,  hesitated  to  incur;  when  thig  amount  was  raised  to  $500,  such  an  advance 
could  no  longer  be  considered  as  a  business  proi^osition.  Likewise,  the  Chinaman  who 
was  desirous  of  having  his  relatives  or  friends  share  his  opportunity,  discovered  that 
through  the  imposition  of  the  tax  the  economic  inducement  to  immigration  had  been 
suddenly  swept  away.  At  the  rate  of  wages  then  current  for  Chinese  labor,  he  could 
extend  to  his  friends  no  hope  of  being  able  to  recover,  even  after  many  years  of  indus- 
trious toil,  an  outlay  for  admission  so  considerable.  The  Chinese  at  home  looked  on 
the  new  tax  as  constituting  an  all  but  impossible  barrier.  The  Chinamen  in  the  new 
land  had  not  yet  seen  how  this  barrier  was  to  be  surmounted.  Then  the  economic 
effect  of  the  tax  gradually  became  apparent.  The  Chinaman  who  had  landed  in  this 
country  prior  to  January,  1904,  discovered  that  the  state,  unwittingly  perhaps,  had, 
by  restricting  further  competition  from  without,  created  of  his  labor  a  huge  monopoly; 
without  organization,  without  expense,  without  even  agitation,  every  Chinaman 
became  a  unit  in  a  labor  group  more  favored  than  the  most  exclusive  and  highly 
protected  trade  union.  Then  monopoly  began  to  do  its  work.  The  Chinaman,  dis- 
covering his  piiotected  position,  sought  the  advance  in  wages  which  comes  from  an 
increasing  demand  and  a  diminishing  supply.  Within  a  couple  of  j-ears  the  wages 
doubled,  and  in  some  instances,  more  particularly  in  the  case  of  servants  of  a  better 
class,  trebled,  and  even  went  beyond  this  point.  Yip  Sang  testified  that  before  the 
$500  tax  was  imposed,  he  paid  Chinamen  for  packing  fish  from  $25  to  $40  a  month  with 
food,  that  now  he  was  obliged  to  pay  for  the  same  services  $60  to  $70;  that  in  other 
classes  of  employment  Chinese  were  obtaining  at  the  present  time  $2.50,  where  before 
the  tax  had  been  imposed  only  $1  was  received.  Thus,  it  has  come  about  that  as  a 
result  of  the  rise  of  wages  consequent  upon  the  monopoly  created  by  the  tax.  Chinamen 
have  found,  speaking  generally,  that  once  in  the  country  it  is  possible  to  accumulate 
within  half  the  time  the  sum  desired,  and  that  thereafter  the  fortune  from  year  to  year 
is  apt  to  be  nearly  or  more  than  double  what  it  originally  was. 

It  took  about  three  years  for  the  economic  changes  to  work  out  and  for  the  China- 
man to  become  fully  aware  of  the  new  situation;  once  cognizant  of  it,  he  began  to 
advise  his  relatives  and  friends  in  China. 

With  the  betterment  of  their  economic  conditions,  the  number  of  Chinamen 
returning  for  a  visit  to  their  own  country  began  to  increase.  This  number  has  grown 
so  steadily  since  the  tax  was  imposed  that  during  the  closing  months  of  the  past  year 
the  steamship  companies  found  it  next  to  impossible  to  afford  the  accommodation 
demanded  by  Chinamen  desirous  of  returning  for  a  short  sojourn  to  their  own  land. 
Many  Chinamen  who  have  gone  on  a  visit  to  their  own  country  have  brought  back 
with  them  relatives  or  friends.  Others  who  have  remained  in  Canada  have  sent 
home  money  to  assist  in  the  bringing  of  others  out.  Some  have  simply  furnished 
the  information  and  have  left  it  to  the  intending  emigrant  to  procure  in  such  way  as 
he  might  the  amount  that  was  necessary  to  pay  his  passage  and  the  tax  imposed. 

The  difference  in  the  remuneration  of  labor  in  Canada  and  China,  and  the  fact 
that  the  savings  of  a  few  years  here  constitute  a  life  fortune  in  China,  have  consti- 
tuted the  main  incentives  to  emigration.  The  tax  and  its  economic  effects  account 
for  the  numbers  being  what  they  are;  the  assistance  given  to  their  relatives  and 
friends  by  Chinese,  either  here  or  in  China,  sometimes  from  humanitarian,  some- 
times from  commercial  motives,  explain  the  means  by  which  they  have  come.  In 
addition  to  this  a  number  of  those  who  are  coming  at  the  present  time  are  Chinese 
who  have  resided  in  the  United  States  at  one  time,  or  have  friends  residing  here  at 
present.  They  know  conditions  on  this  side  of  the  water,  and  not  being  permitted 
to  enter  the  United  States,  are  coming  to  this  country. 


64 


THE   IMMIGKATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA. 


CHINESE    IN    TRANSIT. 

The  persistence  of  the  Chinese  in  coming  to  the  New  World,  despite 
the  inhospitable  attitude  of  Canada  and  the  United  States,  is  in  part 
shown  by  the  number  annually  passing  in  transit  through  Canada, 
bound  for  the  West  Indies  and  elsewhere. 

The  following  table  shows  this  movement  through  the  port  of 
Vancouver  for  the  past  three  years : 

Table  40. — Chinese  in  transit  through  Canada,  via    Vancouver,  by  destination,  fiscal 

years  1907  to  1909. 

[Compiled  from  statistical  table  funiished  by  Department  of  Trade  and  Commerce,  Canada.] 


Fiscal  year. 

United 
States. 

Eng- 
land. 

Mexico. 

West 
Indies. 

New- 
found- 
land. 

Central 
America. 

Cuba. 

Trinidad 

and 

South 

America. 

Total. 

1907 

688 
1,008 
1,089 

61 
28 
37 

53 
117 
837 

1,010 
1,702 
1,469 

120 

12 
75 
14 

5 

2 

7 

1,951 

1908       

2,937 

1909 

3,446 

Total 

2,785 

126 

1,007 

4,181 

120 

101 

5 

9 

8,334 

During  the  same  years  88  Chinese  destined  to  the  United  States 
were,  according  to  the  same  authority,  admitted  at  the  port  of  Vic- 
toria. During  the  fiscal  year  1908,  2,800  Chinese  passed  through  the 
United  States  in  transit  to  other  countries.  Of  these,  1,962  reached 
the  United  States  overland,  and  of  course  many  of  them  are  recorded 
in  the  Canatlian  statistics  c{uoted.  Of  this  class  of  immigrants  the 
United  States  Commissioner-General  of  Immigration  says:  "- 

There  is  no  doubt  that  with  these  transits,  as  with  the  same  class  in  the  past,  many 
enter  Mexico  and  other  near-by  countries  with  the  purpose,  often  accomplished,  of 
eventually  taking  up  a  residence  in  the  United  States  despite  the  provisions  of 
law,     *    *    *. 

JAPANESE  IMMIGRATION. 

Until  recent  years  no  record  was  kept  of  Japanese  immigrants 
arriving  in  Canada,  and  consequently  the  development  of  the  move- 
ment can  not  be  accurately  traced.  The  Canadian  census  of  1901'' 
shows  that  4,674  persons  born  in  Japan  were  in  the  Dominion  at  that 
time,  4,515  of  whom  were  in  the  Province  of  British  Columbia.  Ac- 
cording to  the  same  census, '^  27  persons  born  in  Japan  were  present  in 
the  Provinces  of  Manitoba,  Saskatchewan,  and  Alberta.  A  census 
taken  in  1906*^  in  these  three  Provinces  shows  an  increase  of  only  77  in 
the  Japanese  population.  In  the  meantime  a  considerable  number 
of  Japanese  had  come  to  Canada,  but,  as  in  the  United  States,  they 
appear  to  have  settled  near  the  Pacific  coast.  Statistics  are  available 
relative  to  Japanese  immigration  to  Canada  beginning  with  the  fiscal 
year  1905,  and  the  movement  since  that  time  has  been  as  follows  :'^ 

1904-5 354 

1905-6 1,  922 

1906-7  (9  months) 2,  042 

1907-8 7,  601 

1908-9 495 

April  1-August  31,  1909 147 

Total 12,  561 

a  Report  of  United  States  Commissioner-General  of  Immigration,  1908,  p.  159. 

ft  The  Canada  Year  Book,  1908,  pp.  2,  4. 

clbid.,  p.  163. 

d  Statistical  tables  furnished  by  Canadian  immigration  department. 


THE   IMMIGEATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA.  65 

It  was  estimated  that  at  the  beginning  of  the  year  1907  the  Jap- 
anese population  of  British  Columbia  was  about  7,500,  although  W.  L. 
Mackenzie  King"  tliinks  the  number  was  considerably  less.  During 
the  year  1907  Japanese  immigration  exceeded  the  total  estimated 
Japanese  population  of  the  Province  at  the  beginning  of  the  year. 
This  increased  the  already  existing  and  determined  opposition  in 
western  Canada  to  oriental  immigration.  In  this  connection  Mr. 
Mackenzie  King,  in  the  report  referred  to,  says: 

Assuming,  however,  that  7,500  was  the  total  Japanese  population  at  the  beginning 
of  the  year,  it  is  not  a  matter  of  surprise  that  with  the  arrival  at  their  shores  of  8,125 
Japanese  in  the  ten  months  following,  the  people  of  British  Columbia,  and  more  espe- 
cially the  residents  of  Vancouver,  should  have  experienced  some  concern,  and  that 
as  vessel  after  vessel  landed  an  ever-increasing  number,  until  in  fewer  months  than 
it  had  taken  years  to  bring  the  Japanese  population  of  British  Columbia  to  what  it 
was,  this  total  was  exceeded  by  new  arrivals,  that  consternation  should  have  been  felt 
in  many  quarters.  If  anything  more  were  needed  to  occasion  unrest,  it  was  to  be 
found  in  the  simultaneous  arrival  from  the  Orient  of  Hindus  by  the  hundreds  and 
Chinese  in  larger  numbers  than  those  of  immediately  preceding  years.  It  was  an 
alarm  at  numbers,  and  the  cry  of  a  white  Canada  was  raised. 

Of  the  8,125  Japanese  immigrants  above  referred  to,  77  were 
refused  admission  and  3,619  held  passports  for  the  United  States,  so 
that  the  actual  number  admitted  to  Canada  was  4,429.^  According 
to  the  same  authority,  2,779  of  these  immigrants  came  from  Hawaii, 
9  from  Mexico,  and  1,641  direct  from  Japan.  Of  the  immigrants 
direct  from  Japan,  says  Mi\  Mackenzie  King,  900  in  round  numbers 
were  sent  out  by  the  Tokio  Emigration  Company  at  Yokohama  at 
the  instance  of  the  Canadian  Nippon  Supply  Company  at  Vancouver, 
in  accordance  with  an  arrangement  effected  between  these  two  com- 
panies. The  business  of  the  latter  company  was  to  furnish  Japanese 
laborers  to  contractors  and  other  large  employers  and  to  furnish 
suppUes  to  such  laborers. 

It  appears  that  the  influx  of  Japanese  from  Hawaii  into  Canada 
was  largely  due  to  the  restriction  placed  upon  such  immigration  into 
the  United  States  and  because  of  this  Mr.  Mackenzie  King's  report 
upon  the  movement  is  of  particular  interest.    He  says  in  part:'' 

The  Japanese  emigrant  who  reaches  the  Hawaiian  Islands  passes  beyond  the  juris- 
diction of  his  native  country  and  comes  beneath  the  flag  of  the  United  States.  If 
emploved  in  the  sugar  or  rice  fields,  where  most  of  his  fellow-countrymen  work,  he 
will  find  himself  the  servant  of  an  association  of  capitalists  who  control  the  political 
and  financial  destinies  of  the  island.  The  Planters'  Association  of  Honolulu  is  an 
organization  of  employers  formed  for  the  protection  of  their  mutual  interests.  Its 
influence  is  limited  only  by  the  wealth  it  represents,  while  the  indirect  effects  of 
that  influence  are  of  vaster  sweep  than  its  possessors  know.  It  is  reported  that  the 
wishes  of  this  association  were  not  forgotten  when  the  United  States  Government 
enacted  in  January  of  last  year,  "  that  whenever  the  President  shall  be  satisfied  that 
passports  issued  by  any  foreign  government  to  its  citizens  to  go  to  any  country  other 
than  the  United  States  or  to  any  insular  possessions  of  the  United  States  or  the  Canal 
Zone,  are  being  used  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  the  holders  to  come  to  the  continental 
territory  of  the  United  States  from  such  other  country,  or  from  the  Canal  Zone,  or 
from  such  insular  possessions     *    *    *." 


a  Report  of  the  Royal  Commission  appointed  to  inquire  into  the  methods  by  which 
oriental  laborers  have  been  induced  to  come  to  Canada.  W.  L.  Mackenzie  King, 
C.  M.  G.,  Commissioner,  Ottawa,  1908,  p.  21. 

b  Ibid.,  p.  22. 

clbid.,  pp.  54-63. 

35365— S.  Doc.  469,  61-2 5 


66  THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA. 

It  is  believed,  at  least  by  the  Japanese  who  reside  in  the  islands,  that  the  members 
of  the  Asiatic  Exclusion  League  in  San  Francisco  were  not  without  contributions 
from  the  association's  incidental  expense  fund,  to  assist  them  in  an  agitation  which 
by  excluding  Japanese  from  the  mainland  would  confine  that  class  of  labor  to  the 
islands,  to  the  greater  economic  advantage  of  the  members  of  the  association.  It  was 
suggested  by  one  of  the  Japanese  witnesses  who  gave  testimony  before  the  Com- 
mission, that  the  influence  of  the  Planters'  Association  was  not  altogether  inoperative 
in  British  Columbia  to-day.  Inoperative  it  certainly  has  not  been,  if  we  recognize 
the  fact  that  it  was  in  the  efforts  of  the  Planters'  Association  to  lower  the  wages  of  the 
Japanese  resident  in  Hawaii,  that  we  find  the  beginnings  of  that  unrest  which  has  led 
to  Japanese  coming  in  such  large  numbers  from  the  Hawaiian  Islands  to  British 
Columbia  during  the  past  year.  A  ship  that  landed  over  1,000  Portuguese  at  Honolulu, 
brought  by  the  Planters'  Association  from  Madeira  to  help  weaken  the  competition 
of  the  emigrant  arrivals  from  Japan,  carried  away  from  that  port  within  a  fortnight 
later,  Japanese  in  equal  numbers,  who,  failing  to  find  admission  to  the  American 
continent  via  San  Francisco,  as  before,  came  at  the  instance  of  those  who  engineered 
the  expedition  to  Canada  instead;  nor  was  this  the  only  expedition  of  the  kind. 
There  was,  however,  a  curious  irony  in  the  whole  situation;  more  especially,  as  it 
happened  that  United  States  citizens  practicing  law  in  Honolulu,  acted  as  the  legal 
representatives  of  the  Japanese  boarding-house  keepers,  the  parties  primarily  respon- 
sible for  the  exodus  of  their  fellow-countrymen  from  the  islands,  and  that  in  their 
efforts  to  go  one  better,  planters  and  boarding-house  keepers  alike  were  losers  in  the 
ventures  they  had  planned. 

As  has  been  seen,  the  total  Japanese  immigration  to  Canada  from  the  Hawaiian 
Islands  during  the  ten  months  ending  October  31,  1907,  was  2,779.  This  immigration 
had  its  beginning  in  arrivals  in  small  numbers  brought  by  Australian  lines  to  the  port 
of  Victoria  during  the  early  months  of  the  year.  It  was  "in  the  summer  months,  with 
the  arrival  at  the  port  of  Vancouver  of  the  Admiral  Jaureguiberry,  and  especially  the 
arrivals  subsequently  of  the  Kumeric  and  Indiana  that  the  citizens  of  Vancouver  saw 
landing  at  their  wharves  a  foreign  multitude  for  which  accommodations  within  the 
city's  precincts  could  not  be  found.  It  was  then  that  many  of  the  indifferent  were 
alarmed  and  that  the  people  at  large  became  aroused  to  what  the  possibilities  of  an 
unlimited  immigration  of  persons  from  the  Orient  might  mean.  *  *  *  The  ex- 
peditions of  the  Admiral  Jaureguiberry  and  the  Kumeric  were  each  in  the  nature  of 
two-sided  speculations.  Their  promoters  were  desirous  of  changing  the  attitude  of 
the  Planters'  Association  toward  the  Japanese  residents  in  the  islands;  they  were 
hopeful  also  of  reaping  a  considerable  profit  from  the  transportation  supplied  to  the 
Japanese  who  might  be  persuaded  or  desirous  of  leaving  for  Canada.  The  trips  of 
the  Indiana  were  not  dissimilar  in  this  respect. 

The  ground  had  been  well  prepared,  unintentionally  doubtless,  but  most  effectively, 
by  the  action  of  the  Planters'  Association.  When  the  Japanese  came  to  the  Hawaiian 
Islands  they  worked  for  very  small  wages.  It  is  estimated  that  they  came  to  the 
number  of  50,000  or  60,000,  this  being  in  part,  through  the  efforts  of  the  planters  to 
replace  native  labor  on  the  plantation  by  Japanese  coolies,  a  movement  which  started 
some  twelve  years  ago.  Of  recent  years,  however,  and  especially  since  the  Japanese 
war,  the  emigration  of  Japanese  to  Hawaii  has  been  considerably  restricted,  and  the 
resident  Japanese  have  sought  hard  to  secure  an  increase  in  their  wages  and  improved 
conditions  of  employment.  This  the  planters  refused  to  grant;  instead  they  began  to 
arrange  for  the  importation  of  Portuguese  labor.  The  unrest  thus  created  by  the  action 
of  the  planters,  the  boarding-house  keepers  sought  to  intensify  through  the  agency  of 
a  local  subsidized  Japanese  press,  by  means  of  which  advantages  of  British  Columbia 
as  a  place  where  labor  was  in  demand,  wages  high  and  opportunity  great,  were  brought 
before  the  minds  of  the  workers  in  the  plantations.  Many  were  the  articles  appearing, 
some  as  press  dispatches  from  Vancouver,  others  simply  descriptive.  They  were  met 
by  articles  of  a  different  sort  inspired  from  another  source;  but  the  fact  that  wages 
for  common  laborers  on  the  plantations  were  anywhere  from  $18  to  §35  per  month, 
whereas  on  the  railways  of  British  Columbia  they  were  from  $1.35  to  $1.50  per  day, 
gave  the  best  of  the  argument  to  those  who  were  seeking  to  bring  about  an  exodus 
sufficiently  great  to  make  the  planters  aware  of  the  limited  supply  of  available  labor, 
and  secure  for  it  remuneration  at  an  increased  rate.  A  brief  account  of  the  several 
expeditions  will  serve  to  illustrate  the  methods  employed. 

The  Japanese  boarding-house  keepers  of  Honolulu,  having  learned  that  with  the 
consent  of  the  Government  at  Washington,  some  3,000  Portuguese  were  to  be  brought 
under  contract  from  the  Canary  Islands  to  work  on  the  sugar  plantations,  that  they 
were  being  brought  by  the  Savaric  and  the  Kumeric  of  the  Andrew  Weir  Line, 
entered  into  negotiations  with  the  Theodore  Davis  Company,  of  Honolulu,  for  the 
chartering   of   vessels   to  take  Japanese    to   Canada.     They    succeeded   in   char- 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA.  67 

tering  the  Admiral  Jauregiiiberry,  and  when  the  Kumeric  arrived  at  Cote  in 
Chile  on  her  way  from  Madeira  to  Honoluhi,  the  agents  of  the  Theodore  Davis 
Company  succeeded  in  chartering  her  for  the  boarding-house  keepers,  to  be  in  com- 
mission for  them  as  soon  as  the  Portuguese  were  landed.  The  Admiral  Jaureguibemj 
got  away  without  much  difficulty;  she  carried  only  a  small  number  of  Japanese  emi- 
grants, 241  in  all.  \\'hen  she  landed  at  Vancouver,  however.  Doctor  Munro,  the 
medical  inspector  and  immigration  agent,  acting  under  the  regulation  of  his  department 
that  "no  person  shall  be  permitted'to  land  who  is  a  pauper  or  destitute  or  likely  to 
become  a  public  charge,"  assuming  that  the  several  emigrants  had  no  employment 
awaiting  them,  demanded  that  before  landing  each  should  produce  at  least  $25  to 
insure  that  he  would  not  become  a  public  charge,  and  not  being  supplied  with  this 
amount  he  was  about  to  reject  150  of  the  new  arrivals.  Members  of  the  Japanese 
Boarding-House  Keepers'  Union  at  Vancouver,  on  learning  that  a  number  of  Japanese 
had  arrived  at  the  port  and  were  about  to  be  turned  away  for  lack  of  funds,  knowing 
that  there  would  be  little  difficulty  in  securing  for  them  immediate  employment,  and 
seeing  the  opportunity  for  a  slight  revenue  in  the  way  of  commission  for  their  services, 
and  possibly  also  out  of  subsequent  business  dealings,  came  to  the  rescue  of  the  party 
about  to  be  rejected  and  advanced  in  cash  the  sum  of  over  .$3,000  as  a  guarantee  bond 
that  the  Japanese  would  not  become  public  charges.  This  was  accepted  by  Mr. 
Munro  on  the  condition  that  he  should  be  given  later  a  statement  showing  that  em- 
ployment had  been  secured  by  these  men  and  where  they  were  at  work.  The  irnmi- 
grants  were  then  allowed  to  land.  The  passports  belonging  to  these  men  were  retained 
by  the  Japanese  consul  pending  their  detention.  They  were  later  given  to  the  Board- 
ing-House Keepers'  Union,  which,  it  is  alleged,  collected  $5  apiece  from  each  Japanese 
before  returning  his  passport. 

■While  the  Admiral  Jaureguiherry  was  meeting  with  difficulties  at  Vancouver,  the 
Kumeric  was  having  her  own  troubles  at  Honolulu.  Ha\ing  landed  1,400  Portuguese, 
she  began  to  take  on  board  the  Japanese  who  had  purchased  their  transportation  for 
Canada.  The  planters,  greatly  incensed,  threatened  actions  against  the  captain  and 
used  every  means  to  prevent  the  ship  putting  out  to  sea,  but  she  got  away  eventually 
and  arrived  at  Vancouver  on  the  23d  of  the  month. 

When  the  Japanese  boarding-house  keepers  of  Honolulu  decided  on  the  chartering 
of  the  Kumeric,  they  retained  Mr.  Charles  F.  Chillingworth,  a  United  States  attorney, 
resident  in  Honolulu,  as  their  solicitor  and  legal  representative.  Mr.  Chillingworth 
had  in  his  employ  a  Japanese  interpreter,  Mr.  Kirochirb  Maruyama.  He,  it  appears, 
assisted  materially  in  completing  arrangements,  and  accompanied  the  emigrants  on 
their  voyage  to  Vancouver.     *    *    * 

The  charterers  had  learned  from  the  experience  of  the  emigrants  on  board  the 
Admiral  Jaureguiherry  that  it  would  be  necessary  for  each  of  the  passengers  on  the 
Kumeric  to  have  in  his  possession  $25,  in  order  that  he  might  be  able  to  comply  with 
the  regulation  of  the  immigration  department  as  interpreted  by  its  officer  at  Van- 
couver. They  made  arrangements,  therefore,  to  deposit  a  sum  of  money  with  the 
Theodore  Davis  Company  sufficient  to  meet  the  amount  which  would  be  required  for 
all  the  passengers,  which  amount  was  sent  by  draft  to  the  charterers'  agent  at  Van- 
couver, cashed  by  him,  and  distributed  among  the  passengers  before  they  presented 
themselves  for  examination  to  Doctor  Munro.  The  following  letter  was  given  by 
Theodore  Davis  to  Captain  Baird  of  the  Kumeric,  and  shown  by  him  to  Doctor  Munro 
on  her  arrival: 

"In  order  to  comply  with  the  immigration  law  of  Canada,  we  have  collected  $25 
from  each  of  the  passengers  going  to  Vancouver  on  the  Kumeric.  We  have  done  this 
for  the  sole  reason  that  if  left  in  their  possession  they  might  gamble  it  away,  and  on 
arrival  there,  they  would  not  have  the  requisite  amount  of  money;  and,  therefore,  we 
considered  it  would  not  be  safe,  after  collecting  this  money,  to  leave  it  in  their  hands, 
but  that  it  would  be  better  to  hand  the  money  over  to  you  as  master  of  the  vessel,  on 
account  of  the  danger  of  carrying  a  large  amount  of  ready  cash.  We  have,  therefore, 
sent  this  money  to  the  ship's  agents  in  Vancouver  in  the  form  of  a  draft,  which  they 
will  cash  and  distribute  the  money  among  the  passengers."    - 

Doctor  Munro,  having  seen  this  letter  of  Theodore  Davis,  was  under  the  impression 
at  the  time  he  passed  the  immigrants  that  the  whole  transaction  was  genuine  and  bona 
fide.  It  appeared  subsequently  that  the  money  belonging  in  reality  to  the  charterers, 
had  been  put  up  in  this  way  as  "show"  money  pure  and  simple,  and  that  Mr.  Maru- 
yama, who  accompanied  the  party,  had  come  along  to  see  to  the  getting  of  it  back  after 
all  had  been  landed. 

When  the  Kumeric's  1,189  passengers  had  arrived,  the  boarding-house  keepers  in 
Vancouver  were  greatly  concerned.  They  had  not  accommodation  for  more  than  300, 
and  the  Japanese  consul,  Mr.  Morikawa,  was  appealed  to.  After  calling  upon  hia 
worship  the  mayor,  and  conferring  with  Doctor  Munro,  Mr.  Morikawa  decided  that  it 
would  be  best  to  keep  the  party  on  board  till  he  would  be  able  to  make  provision  for 


68  THE   IMMIGEATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA. 

their  shelter.  He  arranged  with  the  street-car  company  to  provide  such  cars  as  it 
could  place  at  his  disposal,  and  arranged  that  such  numbers  as  could  be  handled  in 
this  way  should  be  taken  to  Steveston,  where  temporary  quarters  were  secured; 
others  were  to  be  taken  around  by  boat  to  the  same  point  on  the  Fraser.  This  was  an 
expense  incurred  in  the  interest  of  the  Japanese  themselves,  and  Mr.  Morikawa  thought 
it  proper  that  it  should  be  met  by  them.  Having  been  shown  the  letter  which  Captain 
Baird  had  in  his  possession,  he  secured  the  consent  of  the  immigrants  to  hold  this 
money  in  trust  till  all  were  properly  provided  for,  and  arranged  to  have  a  member  of 
the  consulate  collect  the  money  from  each  immigrant  as  he  came  off  the  ship.  The 
consul,  moreover,  appears  to  have  thought  that  the  money  had  been  put  up  by  parties 
in  Honolulu  interested  in  having  these  emigrants  sent  to  Canada,  and  he  openly  stated 
that  it  might  help  to  prevent  like  occurrences  in  the  future  if  the  money  did  not  find 
its  way  back  there  again. 

The  sight  of  a  number  of  immigrant  arrivals  dropping  $25  apiece  into  a  sack  held 
by  an  officer  of  the  Japanese  consul  was  too  much  for  some  of  the  citizens  of  Vancou- 
ver. The  local  member  of  the  Dominion  Parliament  and  the  city  solicitor  each  inter- 
ested himself  in  having  what  seemed  an  extraordinary  proceeding  immediately 
stopped.  Doctor  Munro  was  sent  for  and  gave  orders  that  no  further  collections 
should  be  made,  and  that  the  money  already  collected  should  be  returned.  Each 
immigrant,  therefore,  landed  with  his  $25.  Had  the  money  all  been  collected  and 
returned  in  the  manner  which  Mr.  Morikawa  thought  expedient,  it  is  probable  that 
none  of  it  would  ever  have  gone  back  to  Honolulu.  As  it  was,  many  of  the  Japanese 
with  this  amount  in  their  possession  spurned  the  proffers  of  assistance  made  them  by 
the  Vancouver  boarding-house  keepers  and  sought  of  their  own  account  the  further- 
ance of  the  good  fortune  they  had  commenced  to  share  the  moment  they  put  foot  on 
Canadian  soil.  Mr.  Maruyama  had  a  difficult  task.  He  was  able  by  allowing  a  small 
commission  to  the  l)oarding-house  keepers  to  get  back  with  their  assistance  some  of 
the  money  which  the  Japanese  had  been  allowed  to  retain;  but  Mr.  Chillingworth, 
who  happened  along  on  the  2Gth  of  August  to  look  after  the  interests  r>i  his  clients, 
frankly  admitted  in  an  interview  that  the  whole  scheme  had  been  a  most  pronounced 
failure,  and  that  those  for  whom  he  was  acting  had  been  heavy  losers  by  the  venture. 

JUit  Mr.  Chillingworth  was  not  the  only  lawyer  who  interested  himself  in  promoting 
this  novel  kind  of  speculation.  Mr.  A.  V.  Geer,  another  American  attorney  resident 
at  Honolulu,  and  a  Japanese  interpreter,  Kinsaburo  Makino,  started  a  similar  though 
separate  venture.  The  vessel  chartered  in  this  case  was  the  Indiona,  which  arrived 
at  Vancouver  during  August  and  September,  carrying  in  the  former  month  306  Japan- 
ese laborers  and  in  the  latter  257. 

*  ■*  *  Mr.  Geer  and  his  partner,  Mr.  Makino,  had  hoped  to  secure  800  passengers 
on  each  trip.  They  were  able  to  secure  only  306  on  the  first  trip  and  257  on  the  sec- 
ond. It  is  believed  that  the  venture  was  with  them  a  personal  speculation.  *  *  * 
In  any  event,  both  expeditions  were  failures  financially  to  those  responsible  for  them, 
though  they  increased  the  Japanese  population  in  this  country  to  the  extent  of  over 
half  a  thousand. 

That  the  numbers  from  the  Hawaiian  Islands  fell  off  in  the  manner  they  did  was 
doubtless  due  in  part  to  the  increased  success  which  attended  the  efforts  of  the  Planters' 
Association,  but  it  appears  to  have  been  due  also  to  the  efforts  of  the  Canadian  Nippon 
Supply  Company  and  of  the  Japanese  consuls  at  Vancouver  and  Honolulu. 

The  Canadian  Nippon  Supply  Company,  as  has  been  shown,  profited  by  the  influx 
from  Honolulu  to  the  extent  of  obtaining  only  139  laborers  of  the  numbers  who  came 
in.  These,  Mr.  Gotoh  said,  proved  such  poor  laborers  that  he  was  obliged  to  sacrifice 
the  contract  under  which  he  had  put  them  to  work.  But  the  interests  of  the  Cana- 
dian Nippon  Supply  Company,  as  already  shown,  lay  \vith  the  emigration  companies 
of  Japan,  not  with  the  uncertain  numbers  coming  from  parts  unknown.  The  supply 
company  recognized  in  the  agitation  which  these  increases  might  provoke  that  the 
foundations  of  their  own  business  were  threatened,  and  their  promotors  endeavored 
in  many  ways  to  have  the  tide  of  Hawaiian  emigration  stemmed. 

The  Hawaiian  Shinpo  of  July  29  contains  in  Japanese  the  following  cable  dispatch, 
which  Mr.  Yoshy  admits  having  sent: 

"Special  cable  to  our  office. — We  received  a  cable  message  from  Mr.  Yoshy,  director 
of  the  Canadian  Nippon  Supply  Company,  of  Vancouver,  9.40  p.  m.,  of  the  27th 
instant:  'All  emigrants  completed  their  landing  on  the  26th  instant.  Have  not  any 
houses  to  stay  in;  can  not  get  any  work;  were  sent  out  of  the  city  about  12  miles; 
white  men  excited  about  it;  $25  collected  for  support  and  other  expenses;  the  emi- 
grants had  to  do  this. '  " 

In  the  letters  and  cables  sent  to  Japan  by  Mr.  Gotoh  and  Mr.  Yoshy  there  are  fre- 
quent references  to  the  trouble  which  this  immigration  from  Hawaii  was  giving  them, 
and  the  hope  was  expressed  that  the  Government  in  Japan  might  be  able  to  do  some- 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA.  69 

thing  to  put  a  stop  to  it.  The  following,  for  example,  is  a  copy  of  a  lengthy  cable 
sent  by  Mr.  Gotoh  to  the  Yokohama  branch  of  the  Canadian  Nippon  Supply  Company. 
It  is  dated  Vancouver,  June  4,  nearly  two  months  before  the  above  dispatch  from  Mr. 
Yoshy  to  the  Hawaiian  Shinpo  and  before  either  the  Admiral  Jaurequiberry  or  the 
Kumenc  had  sailed: 

"Vancouver,  June  4,  1907. 
"Canadian  Nippon  Supply  Company, 

"  Yokohama: 

"Information  received  by  cable  from  Honolulu  says  certain  steamers  have  been 
chartered  for  the  pvu-pose  of  importing  another  load  of  immigrants.  If  they  are  com- 
ing in  this  manner,  we  do  not  think  we  can  provide  all  these  emigrants  coming  out 
from  Japan  with  work.  They  are  taking  such  chances  to  carry  emigrants  out  from 
Honolulu,  because  the  Japanese  Government  has  no  way  to  interfere  with  these 
affairs.  It  is  most  undesirable  to  bring  such  a  big  load  of  emigrants  to  this  country. 
Unless  by  some  means  these  shipments  from  Honolulu  are  stopped  I  can  not  say 
whether  we  can  take  care  of  all  emigrants  coming  from  Japan,  so  try  and  see  officers 
at  the  Foreign  Office  and  see  if  there  are  no  means  to  take  some  decided  steps  to  stop 
them. 

"The  Canadian  Nippon  Supply  Company." 

The  Canadian  Nippon  Supply  Company  knew  only  too  well  that  any  sudden  influx 
of  Japanese  in  large  numbers  was  the  beginning  of  the  end  with  them,  and  they  put 
forth  what  efforts  they  could  to  save  their  own  undoing. 

More  effective,  perhaps,  in  their  influence  in  lessening  the  numbers  of  emigrants 
from  Hawaii  were  the  repeated  cables  sent  by  Mr.  Morikawa,  the  Japanese  consul  at 
Vancouver,  to  the  Japanese  consul  at  Hawaii,  and  the  exertions  of  the  latter.  In  the 
same  number  of  the  Hawaiian  Shinpo  as  that  in  which  Mr.  Yoshy's  dispatch  appeared, 
was  the  following  article  containing  a  cable  sent  by  Mr.  Morikawa  to  the  consul  at 
Honolulu.     It  is  headed  "Pitiable  condition  of  the  emigrants  on  Kumeric,"  and  reads: 

"Concerning  the  condition  of  the  emigrants  who  left  on  the  Kumeric,  the  local  Jap- 
anese consul-general  has  not  received  any  information.  He  sent  a  cable  to  the  consul 
at  Vancouver;  received  the  cable  this  evening,  as  follows:  Half-past  6  p.  m.,  27th  day, 
by  Consul  Morikawa,  of  Vancouver,  Kumeric  arrived  at  the  quarantine  station  on  the 
25th  of  this  month.  Received  strict  examination  by  immigration  inspector,  and  yes- 
terday afternoon  they  all  landed.  As  sent  in  prior  cable,  all  immigrants  have  not  had 
any  houses  to  stay;  about  800  sent  to  Fraser  River.  I  understand  they  will  not  be 
able  to  secure  employment,  and  they  may  suffer  for  want  of  support.  White  labor  is 
excited  about  it,  and  they  made  active  demonstration.  The  majority  of  the  emigrants 
did  not  know  the  exact  condition  in  here,  and  I  hope  you  will  try  every  possible  way 
to  stop  any  more  immigrants  from  there." 

Mr.  Shintaro  Anno,  a  Vancouver  Japanese  contractor,  who  gave  evidence  before 
the.Commission,  testified  that  he  was  in  Honolulu  at  the  time,  and  that  he  had  read  in 
the  Japanese  papers  there  three  or  four  cables  from  Mr.  Morikawa  to  the  Japanese 
consul  at  Hawaii  "trying  in  every  possible  way  to  prevent  any  more  immigrants  com- 
ing here."  Doctor  Munro,  the  Dominion  medical  inspector  and  immigration  agent, 
when  asked  if  he  thought  any  of  the  employment  agencies  in  Vancouver  had  had  any- 
thing to  do  with  the  bringing  of  these  men  from  Honolulu,  replied:  "No,  I  don't  think 
so;  but  I  don't  know  anything  about  it.  I  know  the  Japanese  consul  was  very  averse 
to  seeing  them  come  here.  I  think  the  first  ship  was  the  Monteagle,  and  from  the  time 
of  the  first  arrival  in  April  the  Japanese  consul  was  anxious,  and  came  to  see  me  about 
it,  and  asked  me  if  there  was  no  way  of  preventing  these  people  coming  from  Hawaii, 
and  he  came  to  my  office  on  a  number  of  occasions  and  asked  me  to  exercise  my  powers 
to  prevent  these  people  coming."     *    *    * 

It  remains  to  be  said  that  with  this  immigration  from  Hawaii  it  is  unreasonable  to 
believe  that  the  Japanese  Government  could  have  been  in  any  way  concerned. 

The  following  statement  made  by  Mr.  Morikawa,  in  an  interview  reported  in  the 
Vancouver  Province  of  July  25,  1907,  appears  to  be  a  true  account  of  the  situation 
in  so  far  as  Mr.  Morikawa 's  own  endeavors  and  the  attitude  of  the  Japanese  Govern- 
ment are  concerned: 

"When  an  intimation  was  first  received  that  there  was  to  be  an  exodus  of  Japanese 
from  Hawaii  to  British  Columbia,  strong  representations  were  made  to  the  Japanese 
Imperial  Government.  The  home  authorities  were  agreed  with  me  that  the  move- 
ment was  unwise,  and  instructed  me  to  cooperate  with  the  Japanese  consul-general 
at  Honolulu  in  adopting  every  measure  possible  to  prevent  any  of  the  Japanese  laborers 
from  removing  to  British  Columbia.  Many  cablegrams  have  been  exchanged  during 
the  past  month  in  regard  to  the  subject  between  here,  Honolulu,  and  Tokyo.     In 


70  THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

endeavoring  to  stem  the  movement,  we  had  the  active  cooperation  of  the  Sugar  Plant- 
ers' Association  of  Hawaii.  In  a  cable  I  sent  to  Honolulu  just  before  the  Kumeric 
sailed,  I  intimated  the  unlikelihood  of  the  newcomers  securing  employment  here. 
My  advice  was  transmitted  to  the  intended  immigrants,  but  seems  to  have  been  com- 
pletely disregarded. " 

It  is  true  that  of  the  immigrants  from  Hawaii  all  were  provided  with  passports,  many 
of  them  passports  issued  by  the  Foreign  Office  of  Japan  during  the  present  year,  but 
they  were  passports  marked  for  Hawaii  or  Hawaii  only.  In  going  to  Hawaii  their 
holders  were  voluntarily  allowed  to  pass  beyond  the  jurisdiction  of  Japan;  in  coming 
to  Canada  it  seems  reasonable  to  assume  they  went  beyond  the  wishes  of  the  authori- 
ties by  whose  permission  they  had  been  allowed  to  emigrate  at  all.  This  seems  the 
proper  view  to  take,  but  it  makes  plain  this  fact,  which  is  of  the  utmost  significance, 
so  far  as  Japanese  immigration  to  Canada  is  concerned,  that  whatever  may  be  the  power 
of  Japan  to  control  the  emigration  from  her  own  shores,  that  power  may  end  when  the 
territorial  limit  is  crossed. 

The  great  decrease  in  Japanese  immigration  to  Canada  during  the 
year  1908  indicates  that  the  movement  from  Hawaii  was  short  hved, 
and  also  the  effectiveness  of  an  informal  agreement  between  Canada 
and  Japan,  whereby  the  issue  of  passports  for  Japanese  coming  to 
Canada  is  limited  to  400  annually. 

HINDU    IMMIGRATION. 

Hindu,  or  East  Indian,  immigrants  were  the  latest  to  become  a 
factor  in  Canada's  oriental  immigration  problem,  but  owing  to  quick 
and  vigorous  action  on  the  part  of  the  Dominion  the  movement  was  of 
brief  duration.  The  following  statement  of  arrivals  during  the  past 
five  fiscal  years  illustrates  the  rise  and  fall,  as  well  as  the  extent,  of 
Hindu  immigration  to  Canada: 

1905 48 

190G 387 

1907  (9  months) 2, 124 

1908 2,623 

1909 6 

1910  (5  months) 1 

Hon.  W.  L.  ^lacKenzie  King,  in  his  report  on  oriental  laborers 
in  Canada,  previously  referred  to,  says:** 

Mr.  David  E.  Brown,  general  superintendent  of  the  trans- Pacific  service  of  the 
Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  who  lived  for  fourteen  years  in  Hongkong,  and  had  charge 
of  the  company's  business  in  the  Orient,  when  asked  before  the  Commission  if  he  could 
suggest  what  had  brought  the  Hindus  to  Canada  in  such  numbers  within  the  past  year, 
stated  in  reply  that  he  would  say  that  the  movement  had  had  its  origin  in  the  visit  of 
the  soldiers  of  the  different  colonies  of  the  Empire  to  London,  at  the  time  of  the 
Queen's  jubilee;  that  the  Indian  troops  who  had  returned  home  via  Canada  had 
been  made  much  of,  and  were  impressed  by  the  country  and  its  opportunities;  that 
Indians  were  employed  very  largely  as  police  in  Hongkong,  and  that  it  was  from 
among  their  number  that  the  movement  had  started  in  the  first  instance.  Asked 
what  year  that  would  be,  Mr.  Brown  replied  "five  or  six  years  ago;  possibly  three  or 
four;  it  was  about  a  year  after,  or  two  years  after  the  Queen's  jubilee."  When  it  was 
pointed  out  that  the  Queen's  jubilee  was  in  1897,  Mr.  Brown  said:  "Well,  say  five 
or  six  years  after  they  would  get  back  home.  As  satisfactory  reports  were  sent  back 
by  these  men  on  this  side  others  would  be  induced  to  come." 

There  are  some,  doubtless,  who  share  Mr.  Brown's  \dew,  which  at  least  is  an  agree- 
able one,  creating,  as  it  does,  the  impression  that  immigration  from  India  had  its 
beginnings  from  a  cause  essentially  imperial  and  patriotic.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
e\adence  of  the  Indians  who  testified  before  the  commission  indicates  pretty  clearly 
that  the  immigration  from  India  which  has  been  a  matter  of  concern  to  the  people  of 

o  Report  of  the  Royal  Commission  appointed  to  inquire  into  the  methods  by  which 
oriental  laborers  have  been  induced  to  come  to  Canada.  W.  L.  Mackenzie  King, 
C.  M.  G.,  Commissioner,  Ottawa,  1908,  pp.  75,  76. 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN    CANADA.  Yl 

British  Columbia  owes  its  origin  to  aims  and  methods  which  were  anything  but 
imperial  or  patriotic;  that  in  fact  the  influx  of  recent  years  has  not  been  spontaneous, 
but  owes  its  existence  in  the  main  to  (1)  the  activity  of  certain  steamship  companies 
and  agents  desirous  of  selling  transportation  and  profiting  by  the  commissions; 
(2)  the  distribution  throughout  some  of  the  rural  districts  of  India  of  literature  con- 
cerning Canada  and  the  opportunities  of  fortune-making  in  the  province  of  British 
Columbia;  and  (3)  the  representations  of  a  few  individuals  in  the  pro\'ince  of  British 
Columbia,  among  the  number  a  Brahmin  named  Davichand,  and  certain  of  his  rela- 
tives, who  induced  a  number  of  the  natives  of  India  to  come  to  Canada  under  actual 
or  verbal  agreements  to  work  for  hire,  the  purpose  being  that  of  assisting  one  or  two 
industrial  concerns  to  obtain  a  class  of  unskilled  labor  at  a  price  below  the  current  rate, 
and  at  the  same  time  of  exploiting  their  fellow-subjects  to  their  own  advantage. 
Some  of  the  natives  may  have  emigrated  to  Canada  of  their  own  accord  or  because  of 
the  advice  or  desire  of  relatives  who  had  come  to  this  country,  but  had  the  influences 
here  mentioned  not  been  exerted,  it  is  certain  that  their  numbers  would  not  have 
been  appreciable. 

Whatever  may  have  caused  the  beginning  and  rapid  growth  of 
Hindu  immigration  to  Canada,  the  reason  for  its  decline  is  clear. 
Canada,  and  particularly  British  Columbia,  did  not  want  the  Hindus 
as  immigrants,  but  the  fact  that  citizens  of  Canada  and  India  were 
alike  British  subjects  made  the  problem  a  delicate  one.  Conse- 
c^uently  Mr.  King  was,  in  1908,  sent  on  a  mission  to  England  'Ho 
confer  with  the  British  authorities  on  the  subject  of  immigration  to 
Canada  from  the  Orient,  and  immigration  from  India  in  particular." 

That  the  desired  end  was  attained  is  indicated  by  the  fact  that 
in  the  fiscal  year  1909  following  Air.  King's  conference  with  the 
British  authorities  only  6  Hindu  immigrants  were  admitted  to 
Canada,  whereas  the  number  for  the  previous  year  was  2,623.  How 
this  was  accomplished  is  stated  in  Mr.  King's  report  upon  his  mis- 
sion to  England,  from  which  is  quoted  the  following  statement  i*^ 

The  question  of  the  migration  of  peoples  of  the  Orient,  and  the  problems  to  which 
it  gives  rise,  whether  it  be  in  connection  with  immigration  or  emigration  as  between 
different  parts  of  the  British  Empire,  or  between  portions  of  the  British  Empire  and 
foreign  countries,  is  by  no  means  a  new  one  to  the  British  authorities.  Australasia, 
South  Africa,  and  India  have  each  forced  a  consideration  of  the  subject  upon  the 
attention  of  British  statesmen  for  years  past.  Of  the  outlying  dominions,  Canada's 
experience  has  been  the  most  recent,  though  in  kind  the  issues  and  possibilities 
involved  are  much  the  same.  As  between  Great  Britain  and  Canada  the  effect  of 
this  is  not  without  its  advantage  to  the  Dominion.  It  has  afforded  in  England  a  ready 
appreciation  of  Canada's  position,  and  an  understanding  of  the  sort  of  considerations 
of  which  it  is  necessary  to  take  account.  That  Canada  should  desire  to  restrict  immi- 
gration from  the  Orient  is  regarded  as  natural;  that  Canada  should  remain  a  white 
man's  country  is  believed  to  be  not  only  desirable  for  economic  and  social  reasons, 
but  highly  necessary  on  political  and  national  grounds.     *    *    * 

It  was  clearly  recognized  in  regard  to  emigration  fi'om  India  to  Canada  that  the 
native  of  India  is  not  a  person  suited  to  this  country;  that,  accustomed  as  many  of 
them  are  to  the  conditions  of  a  tropical  climate,  and  possessing  manners  and  customs 
so  unlike  tho.'^e  of  our  own  people,  their  inability  to  readily  adapt  themselves  to  sur- 
roundings entirely  different  could  not  do  other  than  entail  an  amount  of  privation 
and  suffering  which  render  a  discontinuance  of  such  immigration  most  desirable  in 
the  interest  of  the  Indians  themselves.  It  was  recognized,  too,  that  the  competi- 
tion of  this  class  of  labor,  though  not  likely  to  prove  effective,  if  left  to  itself,  might 
none  the  less,  were  the  numbers  to  become  considerable  (as  conceivably  could  happen 
were  self-interest  on  the  part  of  individuals  to  be  allowed  to  override  considerations 
of  humanity  and  national  well-being  and  the  importation  of  this  class  of  labor  under 
contract  permitted),  occasion  considerable  unrest  among  workingmen  whose  standard 
of  comfort  is  of  a  higher  order,  and  who,  as  citizens  with  family  and  civic  obligations, 

«  Report  by  W.  L.  Mackenzie  King,  C.  M.  G.,  Deputy  Minister  of  Labor  on  mission 
to  England  to  confer  with  the  British  authorities  on  the  subject  of  immigration  to 
Canada  from  the  Orient  and  immigration  from  India  in  particular,  Ottawa,  1908,  pp. 
7-10. 


72  THE  IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA. 

have  expenditures  to  meet  and  a  status  to  maintain  which  the  coolie  immigrant  is 
in  a  position  wholly  to  ignore. 

My  inquiry  under  Royal  Commission  into  the  methods  by  which  oriental  laborers 
have  been  induced  to  come  to  Canada,  which  was  conducted  in  the  city  of  Vancouver 
during  the  months  of  November  and  December  of  last  year,  though  not  extensively 
pursued  so  far  as  the  immigration  fi-om  India  is  concerned,  was  quite  sufficient  to 
show  that  this  immigration  was  not  spontaneous,  but  owed  its  existence,  among  other 

influences,  to —  .         ,  t    t      j-    i 

(1)  The  distribution  throughout  certain  of  the  rural  districts  of  India  of  glowing 
accounts  of  the  opportunities  of  fortune-making  in  the  province  of  British  Columbia, 
visions  of  fields  of  fortune  so  brightly  hued  that  many  an  India  peasant  farmer,  to 
raise  the  money  for  the  journey,  had  mortgaged  to  the  lender  of  the  village  his  home- 
stead and  all  that  it  contained  at  a  rate  of  interest  varying  from  15  to  20  per  cent. 

(2)  The  activity  of  certain  steamship^  agents  who  were  desirous  of  selling  trans- 
portation in  the  interest  of  the  companies  with  which  they  were  connected  and  of 
themselves  profiting  by  the  commissions  reaped.  .  .  ■,    ^  ,       t_. 

(3)  The  activity  of  certain  individuals  in  the  province  of  British  Columbia,  among 
the  number  one  or  two  Brahmins,  who  were  desirous  of  exploiting  their  fellow-sub- 
jects and  certain  industrial  concerns  which,  with  the  object  of  obtaining  a  class  of 
unskilled  labor  at  a  price  below  the  current  rate,  assisted  in  inducing  a  number  of 
the  natives  to  leave  under  actual  or  virtual  agreements  to  work  for  hire. 

A  few  of  the  natives  may  have  emigrated  to  Canada  of  their  own  accord,  or  because 
of  the  desire  of  relatives,  but  had  the  aforementioned  influences  not  been  exerted 
it  is  doubtful  if  their  numbers  would  have  been  appreciable. 

How  these  several  influences  have  been  counteracted  and  an  effective  restriction 
obtained  by  administrative  measures  in  such  a  manner  as  to  render  legislative  action 
unnecessary  will  be  apparent  from  an  account  of  what  has  been  accomplished,  as 
the  result,  in  part,  of  the  present  negotiations  and,  in  part,  of  legislative  enactments  and 
regulations  already  in  force,  the  application  of  which  to  this  class  of  immigration 
has  not  been  hitherto  wholly  apparent.  . 

(1)  The  misleading  effects  of  the  distribution  by  interested  parties  of  literature  of 
the  class  above  described  has  been  offset  by  warnings  which  the  government  of  India 
has  issued,  whereby  the  natives  have  become  informed  of  the  risks  involved  in  emi- 
gration to  Canada,  "and  of  the  actual  conditions  in  so  far  as  it  is  desirable  that  such 
should  be  known  to  persons  about  to  sever  their  connection  with  one  country  for 
the  purpose  of  taking  up  residence  in  another. 

(2)  The  steamship  companies  which  have  been  in  any  way  responsible  for  the 
recruiting  of  emigrants  have  been  given  to  understand  that  the  governments  of 
Great  Britain  and  Canada  and  the,  authorities  in  India  do  not  view  with  favor  any 
action  on  their  part  calculated  to  foster  further  emigration  from  India  to  Canada. 

(3)  The  power  of  the  steamship  companies  to  ignore  the  washes  of  the  governments 
has  been  rendered  largely  inoperative  by  the  application  to  emigration  from  India  of 
the  regulation  of  the  Dominion  government  prohibiting  the  landing  m  Canada  of 
immigrants  who  come  to  this  country  otherwise  than  by  a  continuous  journey  from 
the  country  of  which  they  are  natives  or  citizens,  and  upon  through  tickets  purchased 
in  that  country.  ^  ,     .  ,     ,        •         i-    a    j- 

(4)  The  Indian  emigration  act  (XXI,  of  1883)  was  framed  with  the  view  of  atfordmg 
protection  to  the  natives  of  India  who,  at  the  instance  of  private  individuals  or  cor- 
porations, might  be  induced  to  leave  India  to  work  under  indenture  or  agreements 
for  hire  in  other  parts  of  the  Empire,  or  in  foreign  lands.  It  was  found  that  once  away 
from  India  advantage  was  not  infrequently  taken  of  the  necessities  of  this  class  of 
labor,  and  that  individuals  were  sul)jected  to  great  hardships  and  privation.  To 
remedy  this  the  act  provides  that  emigration  in  the  sense  of  the  departure  by  sea  out 
of  British  India  of  a  native  of  India,  under  an  agreement  to  labor  for  hire  in  some 
country  beyond  the  limits  of  India,  other  than  the  island  of  Ceylon  or  the  Straits 
Settlements,  is  not  lawful  except  to  countries  specified  in  the  schedule  of  the  act, 
"  and  to  such  other  countries  as  the  governor  in  council  from  time  to  time  by  notmca- 
tion  declares  to  be  countries  to  which  emigration  is  lawful. "  Every  such  notification 
"  must  contain  a  declaration  that  the  governor-general  in  council  has  been  duly  cer- 
tified that  the  government  of  the  country  to  which  the  notification  refers  has  made 
such  laws  and  other  provisions  as  the  governor-general  in  council  thinks  sufficient  for 
the  protection  of  emigrants  to  that  country  during  their  residence  therein.' 

It  is  therefore  to  be  said  that  emigration  (in  the  sense  defined)  to  Canada  from  India 
is  not  lawful  under  the  Indian  emigration  act,  and  can  not  be  made  lawful  except 
through  the  action  of  the  Canadian  government  in  making  the  necessary  laws,  to  the 
satisfaction  of  the  government  of  India,  for  the  protection  of  Indian  emigrants. 

It  will  therefore  be  seen  that  of  itself  the  Indian  emigration  act  solves  the  problem, 
so  far  as  it  relates  to  the  importation  of  contract  labor  from  India  to  Canada,  and  this 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN    CANADA.  73 

is  the  one  class  to  be  feared,  since  without  some  agreement  to  labor  it  is  hardly  to  be 
expected  that  the  number  of  immigrants  w-ill  be  large.  To  render  this  law  wholly 
effective  so  far  as  Canada  is  concerned,  it  would  be  suflicient  to  prohibit  the  landing 
in  Canada  of  immigrants  who  come  in  violation  of  the  laws  of  their  own  country. 

(o)  With  the  danger  of  the  importation  of  nati\e  labor  under  contract  or  agreement 
removed,  there  remains  for  consideration  only  such  cla.sses  as  might  desire  to  emigrate 
from  India  of  their  own  initiative,  or  as  having  left  India  and  gone  elsewhere — to 
China,  for  example — might  be  induced  l)y  agreement  or  otherwise,  to  emigrate  to  this 
country.  To  the  immigration  of  the  latter  class  the  regulation  of  the  Canadian  govern- 
ment reqiiiring  a  continuous  pa^ssage  from  the  country  of  which  they  are  natives  or 
citizens  and  upon  through  tickets,  should  prove  an  effective  bar,  whilst  as  to  the  former 
the  same  regulation,  the  warnings  issued  by  the  government  of  India,  and  the  greater 
care  which  it  may  reasonal^ly  be  expected  the  steamship  companies  will  exercise  in 
the  future,  should  prove  a  real  deterrent.  It  will  be  apparent,  moreover,  that  having 
regard  for  the  policy  of  the  India  government  in  the  protection  of  the  natives  as  set 
forth  in  the  Indian  emigration  act,  the  government  of  Canada  is  fully  justified  in 
requiring,  as  has  been  its  policy,  of  persons  coming  to  Canada  without  a  knowledge  of 
conditions  and  Avith  manners  and  customs  wholly  different  from  our  own,  especially 
where  such  persons  are  ignorant  of  our  language  and  are  without  any  agreement  guaran- 
teeing work,  that  they  should,  for  their  own  protection,  be  in  possession  of  a  sum  of 
money  sufficient  to  insure  their  not  being  reduced  to  a  condition  of  mendicancy  or 
becoming  a  public  charge.  The  regulation  at  present  in  force,  requiring  all  immi- 
grants to  have  in  their  possession  a  sum  of  at  least  $25,  constitutes  a  requirement 
which  for  the  protection  of  the  Indians  themselves,  is  an  obvious  necessity.  Should 
this  amount  prove  inadequate  it  could  be  increased. a 

There  is  thus  in  the  last  analysis  a  dovetailing,  so  to  speak,  of  Great  Britain's  well- 
known  policy  in  the  protection  of  the  native  races  of  India,  and  Canada's  policy  in  the 
matter  of  immigration. 

"Whilst  effective  as  a  means  of  restricting  a  class  of  immigration  unsuited  to  Canada, 
it  will  be  apparent  that  the  arrangement  as  herein  set  forth  is  one  which  finds  its 
justification  on  grounds  of  humanity  as  strong  as  are  the  economic  reasons  by  which  it 
is  also  supported.  The  liberty  of  British  subjects  in  India  is  safeguarded  rather  than 
curtailed,  the  traditional  policy  of  Britain  in  respect  to  the  native  races  of  India  has 
been  kept  in  mind,  and  the  necessity  of  enacting  legislation  either  in  India  or  in 
Canada  which  might  appear  to  reflect  on  fellow  British  subjects  in  another  part  of  the 
Empire  has  been  wholly  avoided.  Nothing  could  be  more  unfortunate  or  misleading 
than  that  the  impression  should  go  forth  that  Canada,  in  seeking  to  regulate  a  matter 
of  domestic  concern,  is  not  deeply  sensible  of  the  obligations  which  citizenship  within 
the  Empire  entails.  It  is  a  recognition  of  this  obligation  which  has  caused  her  to 
adopt  a  course  which,  by  removing  the  possibilities  of  injustice  and  friction,  is  best 
calculated  to  strengthen  the  bonds  of  association  with  the  several  parts  and  to  pro- 
mote the  greater  harmony  of  the  whole.  In  this,  as  was  to  be  expected,  Canada  has 
had  not  only  the  sympathy  and  understanding,  but  the  hearty  cooperation,  of  the 
authorities  in  Great  Britain  and  India  as  well. 

It  will  be  noted  that  wliile  Hindus  are  not  specifically  excluded, 
or,  in  fact,  even  mentioned  in  the  Canadian  immigration  act,  or 
orders  of  the  governor  in  council  relative  thereto,  practically  insur- 
mountable barriers  have  been  erected  against  them.  The  most 
formidable  of  these  is  the  application  to  Hindu  immigrants  of  section 
38  of  the  immigration  act,  wdiich  provides  that  any  immigrants  who 
have  come  to  Canada  otherwise  than  by  continuous  journey  from  the 
country  of  which  they  are  natives  or  citizens,  and  upon  through 
tickets  purchased  in  that  country,  may  be  excluded.  The  peculiar 
efficiency  of  tliis  provision  is  due  to  the  fact  that  there  is  no  means 
by  which  a  continuous  journey  from  India  to  Canada  can  be 
accomplished. 

o-  The  amount  of  money  required  in  the  case  of  Hindus  was  increased  from  $25  to 
$200  by  an  order  in  council  dated  June  3,  1908.     Appendix  G,  No.  V. 


Chapter  VI. 

FOREIGN  ELEMENTS  IN  THE  POPULATION  OF  CANADA. 

The  native  and  foreign  born  population  of  Canada  in  census  years 
since  1871  is  shown  in  the  following  table: 

Table  41. — Population  of  Canada,  by  general  nativity,  in  census  years  1871  to  1901. 
[Compiled  from  the  Canada  Year  Book,  1908.] 


General  nativity. 

1871. 

1881. 

1891. 

1901. 

Per  cent  of  total. 

1871. 

1881. 

1891. 

1901. 

2,892,763 

591,170 

1,828 

3,715,492 

602,984 

6,334 

4,185,877 

643,871 

3,491 

4,671,815 

684,671 

14,829 

83.0 
17.0 

.1 

85.9 

13.9 

.1 

86.6 

13.3 

.1 

87.0 

12.7 

.3 

Total 

3,485,761 

4,324,810 

4,833,239 

5,371,315 

100.0 

100. 0       100. 0 

100.0 

The  table  indicates  that  immigration,  or  at  least  permanent  immi- 
gration, to  Canada  in  the  thirty  years  preceding  1901  was  relatively 
small  compared  with  more  recent  years,  for  in  1901  the  total  foreign- 
born  population  present  was  only  93,501  more  than  in  1871.  There 
was  an  increase  of  54.1  per  cent  in  the  total  population  during  the 
period  mentioned,  but  to  this  increase  the  foreign-born  element  con- 
tributed only  4.9  per  cent.  In  the  absence  of  data  regarding  children 
born  in  Canada  to  foreign-born  parents  during  the  time  under  con- 
sideration it  is  impossible  to  determine  just  what  effect  immigration 
has  had  on  the  total  increase. 

The  total  population  of  Canada  by  country  of  birth  in  the  census 
years  1871,  1881,  1891,  and  1901,  and  also  the  per  cent  that  the  per- 
sons of  each  nativity  formed  of  the  total  population  in  those  years,  is 
shown  in  the  following  table : 

Table  42. — Population  of  Canada,  by  country  of  birth,  in  census  years  1871  to  1901. 
[Compiled  from  the  Canada  Year  Book,  1908.] 


Country  of  birth. 

1871. 

1881. 

1891. 

1901. 

Percent  of  total. 

1871. 

1881. 

1891. 

1901. 

Canada '. . . 

2,892,763 

3,715,492 

4,185,877 

4,671,815 

83.0 

s.";  9 

86.6 

87.0 

British  Islands 

486,376 

470,906 

477,735 

390, 019 

14.0 

10.9 

9.9 

7.3 

England 

Ireland 

144.999 
219,451 
121,074 

^"^52 

169, 504 
185.526 
115,062 

C) 
814 

219.688 
149.184 
107.594 
(a) 
1,269 

201,285 

101,629 

83.631 

2,518 

956 

4.2 
6.3 
3.5 
(a) 

(») 

3.9 
4.3 

2.7 
(«) 

4.5 
3.1 
2.2 

(«) 

C) 

3.7 
1.9 

Scotland 

Wales 

1.6 

Lesser  isles 

Australasia 

991 

28,407 
2,665 

17,043 
2,075 
7,944 

27,  .300 
6,057 

^*^ 

Austria-Hungary 

102 

C) 

Belgium  and  Holland. 

(^), 

China.. 

9,129 

.2 

Denmark 

(fc) 

2.899 
24, 162 

4,389 
25,328 

5,381 
27,752 

.1 

7 

.i 

G 

.1 

.1 

Germany 

.6  1             -5 

Iceland 

.1 

a  Not  given. 


74 


b  Less  than  0.05  of  1  per  cent. 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA. 


75 


Table  42. — Population  of  Canada,  by  country  of  birth,  in  census  years  1871  to  1901 — 

Continued. 


1871. 

1881. 

1891. 

1901. 

Per  cent  of  total. 

Country  of  birth. 

1871. 

1881. 

1891. 

1901. 

1,076 
6,854 
4,674 

12, 432 

10,256 
1,066 

31,231 

1,211 

1,579 

127,899 

339 

3,553 

14,829 

(o) 

Italy                

218 

777 

2,795 

C) 

(O) 

.1 

.1 

.1 

Newfoundland 

Norway  and  Sweden. 

7,768 
588 

4,596 
2,076 

9,336 

7,827 

.2 

.1 

(o) 

.2 

.2 
.2 

C) 

416 

6,376 

9,917 

(«) 

.1 

.2 

.6 

C) 

(a) 

United  States 

64, 447 

430 

3,764 

1.828 

77,753 

380 

10, 403 

6,334 

80,915 

321 

12,763 

3,491 

1.8 

(a) 
.1 
.1 

1.8 
.1 

i.7 

^"!3 
.1 

2.4 

Other  countries 

Not  reported 

.1 
.3 

Total     .     .     .. 

3,485,761 

4,324,810 

4,833,239 

5,371,315 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

oLess  than  0.05  of  1  per  cent. 

The  following  table  shows  the  total  population  of  Canada  in  1871, 
1881,  1891,  and  1901,  with  the  foreign-born  element  classified  accord- 
ing to  the  general  classification  of  immigrants  to  Canada  previously 
referred  to: 

Table  43. — Population  of  Canada,  by  general  nativity  and  country  of  birth,  in  census 

years  1871  to  1901. 
[Compiled  from  the  Canada  Year  Book,  1908.] 


1871. 

18S1. 

1891. 

1901. 

Per  cent  of  total. 

Country  of  birth. 

1871. 

1881. 

1891. 

1901. 

Canada 

2,892,763 

3,715,492 

4,185,877 

4,671,815 

83.0 

85.9 

86.6 

87.0 

British  Islands 

486,376 

470,906 

477,735 

390,019 

14.0 

10.9 

9.9 

7.3 

144,999 
219,451 
121,074 

^"^852 

169,504 
185,526 
115,002 
(a) 
814 

219,688 
149, 184 
107,594 
(a) 
1,269 

201,285 

101,629 

83,631 

2,518 

956 

4.2 
6.3 
3.5 
(o) 

(6) 

3.9 
4.3 
2.7 
(o) 

(6) 

4.5 
3.1 
2.2 
(a) 

3.7 

1.9 

Scotland 

1.6 

Wales 

(6) 

Lesser  isles 

(0) 

Northern   and  west- 
ern European  con- 
tinental countries  c  . 

Southern   and    east- 
ern   European 

27,649 
730 

31,793 
7,153 

40,960 

12,712 
9,129 
80,915 
22, 420 
3,491 

57,508 

69, 137 
22,793 
127,899 
17,315 
14,829 

.8 

.7 
.2 

.8 

.3 
2 
l!7 
.5 
.1 

1.1 

1.3 

.4 

United  States 

Others  /            

64,447 
11,962 

1,828 

77,753 
15,379 
6,334 

1.8 
.3 
.1 

1.8 
.4 
.1 

2.4 
.3 

.3 

Total 

3,485,761 

4.324,810 

4,833,239 

5,371,315 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

o  Not  given. 

1/  Le.ss  than  0.05  of  1  per  cent.  ' 

c  Includes  Belgium,  Holland,  Denmark,  France,  Germany,  Iceland,  Norway,  Sweden,  and  Switzerland. 

d  Includes  Austria-Hungary,  Italy,  Roumania,  Russia,  Turkey,  and  Syria. 

e  Includes  China,  India,  and  Japan. 

/  Includes  Australasia,  Newfoundland,  at  sea,  and  other. 

It  will  be  noted  that  there  was  a  considerable  falling  off  in  the 
foreign-born  British  element  in  Canada's  population  between  1871 
and  1901,  this  movement  being  particularly  pronounced  in  the  case 
of  natives  of  Ireland.  The  total  number  of  persons  from  northern 
and  western  European   continental   countries  more   than   doubled 


76 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IX   CANADA. 


during  the  period,  but  the  per  cent  of  such  persons  to  the  total 
popuhition  was  not  greatly  increased.  There  was  a  striking  increase, 
however,  in  the  number  of  persons  from  southern  and  eastern 
European  countries  during  the  thirty  years  under  consideration. 
In  1871  the  number  of  such  persons  was  insignificant,  but  the 
increase,  particularly  between  1S91  and  1901,  was  large,  and  in  the 
latter  year  they  formed  a  greater  per  cent  of  the  total  population 
than  did  natives  of  northern  and  western  continental  Europe.  It 
should  be  noted  also  that  in  1901  natives  of  the  United  States  were 
second  onh'  to  persons  born  in  England  in  the  number  from  any 
single  country-  resident  in  Canada,  while  in  the  previous  census  3-ears 
of  1871,  1881,  and  1S91  they  were  fourth  among  all  nationalities 
present.  The  decrease  in  1901  in  the  number  and  per  cent  of  persons 
born  in  Ireland  and  wScotland,  however,  contributed  materially  to 
this  result. 

In  the  Canadian  census  enumerations  of  1871,  1881,  and  1901  the 
race  or  descent,  as  well  as  the  country  of  birth  of  individuals  was 
secured,  and  because  of  the  presence  of  large  English  and  French 
speaking  elements  and  the  introduction  and  growth  of  other  racial 
elements  in  recent  years,  the  data  are  particularlv  valuable  in  a  con- 
sideration of  the  Dominion  population.  The  following  table  shows 
the  composition  of  Canada's  population  in  this  regard  in  the  census 
vears  mentioned : 


Table  44. — Population  of  Canada,  by  race  or  descent,  census  years  1871,  1881,  and  1901 . 
[Compiled  from  the  Canada  Year  Book,  190S.] 


Race  or  descent. 


English. 

Irish 

Scotch.. 
Others.. 


Total  British. 


Austro-Hungarian 

Chinese  and  Japanese. . . 

Dutch 

French 

German 

Indians  and  half-breeds. 

Italian 

Jewish 

Negro 

Scandinavian 

Russian 

Other  races 

Not  reported 


Grandtotal 3,485,761       4,324,810 


1871. 


706,369 

816.414 

549.946 

7,773 


881,301 

957,403 

699,863 

9,947 


2,110.502       2.  MS.  514 


29,662 

1,082,940 

302,991 

23,037 

1,035 

125 

21.4% 

1,623 

607 

4.182 

7,561 


4.383 

30,412 

,298,929 

254.319 

108.547 

1,849 

667 

21.394 

5.223 

1.227 

8,540 

40,806 


1901. 


1,260.899 

988, 721 

800,154 

13,421 


3,063.195 


18, 

2^, 

33, 

1,649, 

310. 

127. 
10. 
16, 
17. 
31. 
28. 
10, 
31, 


5.371.315 


Per  cent  of  total. 


20.3 

24.3 

15.8 

.2 


1881. 


20.4 

22.1 

16.2 

.2 


60.  5  I      58. 9 


23.5 

18.4 

14.9 

.2 


57.0 


.9 

31.1 

5.8 

.7 
{«) 
(«) 

.6 

(») 
.2 


100.0 


.1 

3o!o 

5.9 

2.5 

(») 

(«) 

.5 

.1 

{«) 
.2 
.9 


.3 

.4 

.6 

30.7 

5.8 

2.4 

.2 

.3 

.3 

.6 

.5 


100.0  I       100.0 


a  Less  than  0.05  of  1  per  cent. 

It  may  be  noted  that  the  increase  in  the  English  element  exceeded 
that  of  the  French  during  the  thirty  years  from  1871  to  1901.  The 
English  population  during  that  period  increased  from  706,369  to 
1,260.899,  a  gain  of  78.5  per  cent,  while  the  French  population  in- 
creased from  1,082,940  to  1,649,371,  or  a  gain  of  only  52.3  per  cent. 
The  increase  in  the  British  element  as  a  whole,  however,  was  only 
45.1  per  cent,  which  result  is  mainly  due  to  the  fact  that  the  Irish 
element  increased  but  little  during  the  period. 


APPENDIXES. 


77 


^ 


Appendix  A. 
THE  CANADIAN  IMMIGRATION  IAW.« 

[Chapter  93,  Revised  Statutes  of  Canada,  1900,  and  the  Amending  Acts  of  1907  and  1908 

consolidated.] 

SHORT  TITLE. 

1.  Tliis  Act  may  be  cited  as  the  Immigration  Act. 

INTERPRETATION . 

2.  In  this  Act,  unless  the  context  otherwise  requires —    definition 
(a)  "Immigrant "  means  and  includes  an}^  steerage  pas-    "immiVant.^'" 

senger  or  any  ' '  work  a  way  "  on  ?.ny  vessel,  whether  or  not 
entered  as  a  member  of  the  crew  after  the  vessel  has  sailed 
from  its  first  or  last  port  of  departure,  any  saloon,  second- 
class  passenger,  or  person  who  having  been  a  member  of 
the  crew  has  ceased  to  be  such,  who  upon  inspection  is 
found  to  come  within  any  class  liable  to  exclusion  from 
Canada,  and  any  person  arriving  in  Canada  by  railway 
train  or  other  mode  of  travel;  but  does  not  include  any 
person  who  has  previously  resided  in  Canada,  or  who  is  a 
tourist  merely  passing  through  Canada  to  another  country. 

(h)  "Immigration  agrent"  includes  the  superintendent    "immigration 

«.'..."  •      •  i!    •  •  i.'  1  agent.' 

of  immigration,  commissioners  of  immigration,  and  any 
subagents  within  or  outside  of  Canada. 

(c)  "Land"  or  "landing,"  as  applied  to  passengers  o^' .q'^ndin  " '^ '  ' 
immigrants,  means  their  admission  into  Canada,  other-    ^°  ™^" 
wise  than  for  inspection  or  treatment,  or  other  teinporary 
purpose  provided  for  by  this  Act,  or  by  any  order  in  coun- 
cil, or  proclamation,  or  regulation  made  thereunder. 

(d)  "Master  "  means  any  person  in  command  of  a  vessel,    "faster.' 

(e)  "Medical  officer"  includes  "medical  superintend-^ J Medirai    em- 
ent,"  "medical  inspector,"  and  "inspecting  physician."     "^^Ljunigter  •> 

(/)  "Minister"  means  the  Minister  of  the  Interior. 

(g)  "Owner,"  as  applied  to  a  ship  or  vessel,  includes  the    "Owner- 
charterer  of  such  ship  or  vessel  and  the  agent  of  the  owner 
thereof. 

(h)  "Passenger"  includes  any  person  carried  upon  a  "Passenger." 
railway  train  or  other  vehicle  or  in  a  vessel,  other  than  the 
master  and  crew,  as  well  as  all  immigrants  coming  into 
Canada,  but  not  troops  or  military  pensioners  and  their 
families,  who  are  carried  in  transports  or  at  the  expense 
of  the  Government  of  the  United  Kingdom,  or  of  any  col- 
ony thereof;  but  any  person  who  is  unlawfully  on  board 
the  vessel  shall  not  be  held  to  be  a  passenger. 


oFor  law  ae  amended  May  4,  1910,  see  Appendix  I. 


79 


80  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

"Port  of  entry."      ({)  "Port  of  entry"  means  any  port,  railway  station,  or 
place  at  which  immigrants  enter  Canada  or  at  which  there 
is  an  immigration  agent  or  where  the  medical  inspection 
of  immigrants  is  carried  on. 
"Ship";  "ves-      (,^-)  ''Ship"  or  "vcssel"  includes  all  ships,  vessels,  boats, 
^^'■"  or  craft  of  any  kind  carrying  passengers. 

"Stowaway."        (k)  "Stowaway"  means  a  person  who  secretes  himself 
and  goes  to  sea  in  a  vessel  without  the  consent  of  either 
the  owner,  consignee,  or  master,  or  of  a  mate,  or  of  the 
person  in  charge  of  the  vessel,  or  of  any  person  entitled  to 
give  such  consent. 
Who  shall  be     3.  Every  person  recognized  by  the  Minister  as  an  immi- 
«oragmt°'^^'''gration  agent  shall,  with  reference  to  any  act  done  or  to  be 
done  under  this  Act,  and  without  formal  appointment,  be 
deemed  to  be  an  immigration  agent  for  the  purposes  of 
this  Act. 
ti^n^^fflSTshSi     4.  The  Governor  in  Council  may  establish  and  mamtam 
be  maintained,    immigration  offices  at  such  places  within  and  outside  of 
Canada  as  from  time  to  time  seems  proper. 

APPOINTMENT    POWERS    AND    DUTIES    OF    OFFICERS. 

Immigration      5^  'php  Govcmor  iu  Council  may   appoint   a  superin- 
C appointed™''-^' tendent  of  immigration,  commissioners  of  immigration, 
immigration    agents,    medical   officers,    and    such   other 
officers  as  the  governor  in  council  determines. 
Subordinate  of-     Q    Subject  to  Ruy  regulations  in  that  behalf,  the  Min- 
brSimTr°'"^''^ister  may  appoint  or  employ,  either  permanently  or  tem- 
porarily, any  necessary  subordinate  officers  not  provided 
for  in  the  last  preceding  section,  or  in  any  order  in  council 
made   thereunder,   including   police   guards,   inspectors, 
matrons,  and  nurses  to  assist  immigration  agents  and 
medical  officers  in  carrying  out  the  jjrovisions  of  this  Act, 
and  of  any  orders  in  council,  proclamations  or  regulations 
made  thereunder,  and  may  confer  upon  them,  and  charge 
them  with,  such  power  and  duties  as  he  considers  neces- 
sary or  expedient. 
Appointmentof     7,  Subjcct  to  the  provisions  of  the  regulations  in  that 
cer^s°fn°f4s°'^of behalf,  immigration  agents  and  medical  officers  may,  in 
emergency.         emergency,  employ  such  temporary  assistance  as  may  be 
required,  but  no  such  employment  shall  continue  for  a 
period  of  more  than  forty-eight  hours  without  the  sanction 
of  the  Minister.  .... 

Immigration     g    When,  at  any  port  of  entry,  there  is  no  immigration 
agentsexofncio.  ^^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^.^^^  Customs  Officer  at  that  port  shall  be,  ex^ 

officio,  immigration  agent. 
Duties  of  oin-  9_  Every  officer  appointed  under  this  Act  shall  perform 
any  and  all  duties  prescribed  for  him  by  this  Act,  or  by 
any  order  in  council,  proclamation  or  regulation  made 
thereunder,  and  shall  also  perform  such  duties  as  are 
required  of  him  by  the  Minister,  either  directly  or  through 
any  other  officer;  and  no  action  taken  by  any  such  officer 
under  or  for  the  purpose  of  this  Act  shall  be  deemed  to 
be  invalid  or  unauthorized,  merely  because  it  was  not 


cers 


TITE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  81 

taken  by  the  officer  specially  appointed  or  detailed  for 
the  purpose. 

REGULATIONS. 

10.  The  Governor  in  Council  may,  on  the  recommenda-  Regulations 
tion  of  the  Minister,  make  such  orders  and  regulations,  ^ternorTncoun^ 
not  inconsistent  with  this  Act,  as  are  considered  necessary"'' 

or  expedient  for  the  carrying  out  of  this  Act,  according 
to  its  true  intent  and  meaning,  and  for  the  better  attain- 
ment of  its  object. 

PROPORTION    OF   PASSENGERS   TO    SIZE    OF   VESSEL. 

11.  No  vessel  from  any  port  or  place  outside  of  Canada  ^J°P°'^*'ff  »' 
shall  come  within  the  limits  of  Canada  ha^^ng  on  board,     ^^'^^^^^ 

or  having  had  at  any  time  during  her  voyage — 

(a)  Any  greater  number  of  passengers  than  one  adult  lo  area  of  decks, 
passenger  for  every  15  clear  superlicial  feet  on  each  deck 

of  such  vessel,  appropriated  to  the  use  of  such  passengers 
and  unoccupied  by  stores  or  other  goods  not  being  the 
personal  luggage  of  such   passengers. 

(b)  A  greater  number  of  persons,  including  the  master    xo  tonnage. 
and  crew^,  and  the  cabin  passengers,  if  any,  than  one  for 

every  2  tons  of  the  tonnage  of  such  vessel,  calculated  in 
the  manner  used  for  ascertaining  the  tonnage  of  British 
ships. 

(2)  For  the  purposes  of  this  section,  each  person  of  or    "Adult"     de- 
above  the  age  of  14  years  shall  be  deemed  an  adult,  and^^^'^" 
two  persons  above  the  age  of  one  year  and  under  the  age 
of  14  years  shall  be  reckoned  and  taken  as  one  adult. 

OBLIGATIONS   OF  MASTERS  OF  VESSELS   BRINGING   PASSEN- 
GERS. 

12.  The  master  of  any  vessel  arriving  at  any  port  of  Reports  of  pas- 
entry  in  Canada  shall  deliver  a  certified  and  correct  report,  ffvelld  to°agen*t!" 
in  the  form  prescribed  by  the  regulations  in  that  behalf, 

to  the  immigration  agent  at  the  port. 

13.  The  master  of  any  vessel  sailing  from  a  port  outside  Payment  for 
of  Canada  who  embarks  passengers  after  the  vessel  hasgers^nol;  Jntere'd 
been  cleared  and  examined  by  the  proper  officer  at  the°'^'^^*- 

port  of  departure,  and  who  does  not  deliver  reports  of 
such  additional  passengeis  to  the  immigration  agent  at 
the  port  of  entry,  shall  pay  to  such  immigration  agent 
for  every  passenger  so  embarked  and  not  included  in  the 
list  of  passengers  delivered  to  such  proper  officer  at  the 
port  of  departuie,  or  to  the  proper  officer  at  the  port  at 
which  such  passenger  was  embarked,  or  to  the  proper 
officer  at  the  port  at  which  such  vessel  first  touched  after 
the  embarkation  of  such  passenger,  the  sum  of  S20,  for 
each  passenger  so  embarked  as  aforesaid,  and  not  in- 
cluded in  one  of  the  said  lists. 

35365— S.  Doc.  469,  61-2 6 


82  THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA. 

\eI-^lfsl!ibftoIe     ^^'  Nothing  in  this  Act  shall  prevent  the  master  of  any 
arrival  at  port  ofvessel  froiii  permitting  any  passenger  to  leave  the  vessel 
destination.        outside  of  Canada  at  the  request  of  such  passenger  before 
the  arrival  of  the  vessel  at  her  final  port  of  destination; 
such'case^"^^  '"but  ill  Bvery  such  case,  the  name  of  the  passenger  so  leav- 
ing shall  be  entered  in  the  manifest  on  the  list  of  passengers 
made  out  at  the  time  of  the  clearing  of  the  vessel  from  the 
port  of  departure,  or  at  the  port  at  which  such  passenger 
was  embarked,  and  shall  be  certified  under  the  signature 
of  the  passenger  so  leaving  the  vessel, 
be^entired Tn  re°-      ^^'  ^^^  addition  to  the  particulars  hereinbefore  required 
port.  in  the  report  to  be  delivered  on  each  voyage  by  the  master 

of  any  vessel  arriving  at  any  port  of  entry  in  Canada  to 
the  immigration  agent  at  such  port,  the  master  shall  report 
in  writing  to  such  agent  the  name  and  age  of  all  passengers 
embarked  on  board  of  such  vessel  on  such  voyage  who  are 
lunatic,  idiotic,  epileptic,  deaf  and  dumb,  or  dumb,  blind 
or  iniirni,  or  suffering  from  any  disease  or  injury  known 
to  exist  by  the  medical  oHiccr  of  the  ship,  specifying  the 
nature  of  the  disease,  and  stating  also  whether  or  not 
they  are  accompanied  bv  relatives  able  to  support  them. 
seSs^v'hoTve  16.  The  report  shall  further  state  the  name,  age,  and 
died.  last  place  of  residence  of  any  person  who  has  died  during 

the  voyage,  and  shall  specify  the  cause  of  death  and  wheth- 
er such  person  was  accompanied  by  relatives  or  other 
persons  who  were  entitled  to  take  charge  of  the  moneys 
and  cflects  left  by  such  person  and  the  disposition  made 
thereof. 
Disposal  of  (2)  If  there  were  no  such  relatives  or  other  persons  so 
entitled,  the  re])ort  shall  fully  designate  the  quantity  and 
description  of  the  property,  whether  money  or  otherwise, 
left  by  such  person ;  and  the  master  of  the  vessel  shall  pay 
over  to  the  immigration  agent  at  the  port  at  which  the 
vessel  is  entered,  and  fully  account  for,  all  moneys  and 
effects  belonging  to  any  person  who  has  died  on  the 
voyage. 
Immigration  (3)  The  immigration  agent  shall  thereupon  grant  to  the 
cefpt  *°  ^'^^  '^^' master  a  receipt  for  all  moneys  or  elTects  so  placed  in  his 
hands  by  the  master,  which  receij^t  shall  contain  a  full 
description  of  the  nature  or  amount  thereof. 

PERMISSION    TO    LEAVE    THE    VESSEL. 

Passengers  not      17,  The  master  of  any  vessel  shall  not  permit  any  pas- 

to   land    without  ,       ,  , ,  *^    ,  ,  . ,  . ,  ,  '  .      .      -^  J 

permission.         scngcr  to  Icavc  tlic  vesscl  uiitii  writtcii  permission  from 

the  immigration  agent  to  allow  his  passengers  to  land  has 

been  given  to  the  master. 

Bregma  ^Tave      ^"^^  '^^^^  immigration  agent  at  a  port  of  entry,  after 

vessel.  satisfying  himself  that  the  requirements  of  this  Act  and 

of  any  order  in  council,  proclamation,  or  regulation  made 

thereunder  have  been  carried  out,  shall  grant  permission 

to  the  master  of  the  vessel  to  allow  the  passengers  to  leave 

•  the  vessel. 


THE   IMMIGEATION   SITUATION    IN    CANADA,  83 

18.  The  master  shall  furnish  the  immigration  agent,  ni^^lfi'ofheaith' 
or  the  medical  officer  at  the  port  of  entry,  with  a  bill  of 

health,  certified  by  the  medical  officer  of  the  vessel,  such 
bill  of  health  being  in  the  form  and  containing  such  in- 
formation as  is  required  from  time  to  time  under  this  Act. 

19.  The  immigration  agent ,  whenever  he  deems  ]) roper,  inspection 
may  request  the  medical  officer,  before  any  passengers  i*4loffic'er?  "''''" 
leave  the  vessel,  to  go  on  board  and  inspect  such  vessel, 

and  examine  and  take  extracts  from  the  list  of  passen- 
gers or  manifest,  and  from  the  bill  of  health. 

20.  The  regulations  to  be  niade  by  the  Governor  hi  j^^^^mi grants 
Council  may  provide  as  a  condition  to  permission  to  enter  to   possess   pre- 

^  I,!",'  •  iiii  A  spribed  amount  of 

Canada  that  mimigrants  shall  possess  money  to  a  pre-money. 
scribed    minimum    amount,    which    amount    may    vary 
according  to  the  class  and  destination  of  such  immigrants, 
and  otherwise  according  to  the  circumstances. 

MEDICAL    INSPECTION. 

21.  The  medical  inspection  of  passengers  shall  be  per- ipa°?ns'pection.^'^' 
formed  at  the  hours  named  in  the  regulations  made  by  the 
Minister. 

22.  The  immigration  agent  shall  provide  suitable  facili-  amtaaVion!  °^^^' 
ties  for  the  examination  of  immigrants  at  each  port  of 

entry,  subject  to  any  regulations  made  by  the  Minister. 

23.  The  medical  officer  shall,  after  inspection,  stamp  .tampTafter  in^ 
the  ship  ticket  or  railway  ticket  or  passport  of  each  pas-  spection. 
senger  who  has  passed  medical  inspection;  and  the  immi- 
gration agent  shall  detain  any  passenger  who  has  been 
inspected  and  not  admitted,  as  required  by  this  Act,  or 

by   any   order    in  council,  proclamation,  or    regulation 

made  thereunder.  .        . 

24.  The  innnigration  agent  shall  be  responsible  for  the  agenVresponsVbie 
safe-keeping  of  any  person  so  detained,  except  while  in  an  {°^jjeg"^°°^  '^^' 
hospital  or  other  place  of  detention  under  the  charge  of 

a  medical  officer. 

25.  The  medical  officer  may,  from  time  to  time,  with  j^-^^^^/ej^J^^*/. 
the  consent  and  approval  of  the  Minister,  make  such  ar- tained  persons. 
rangements  as  he  considers  necessary  for  the  care  and 
supervision  of  immigrants  who  are  detained  on  board  a 

vessel  where  hospital  facilities  on  shore  do  not  exist,  or, 
having  been  permitted  to  leave  the  vessel,  are  detained 
either  for  medical  treatment  or  are  awaiting  deportation. 

PERSONS  PROHIBITED  FROM  LANDING DEPORTATION. 

26.  No  immigrant  shall  be  permitted  to  land  in  Canada  n,g°^;^"tnsine 
wdio  is  feeble-minded,  an  idiot,  or  aa  epileptic,  or  who  is  and  epileptic. 
insane,  or  who  has  had  an  attack  of  insanity  within  five 

years ;  nor  shall  any  immigrant  be  so  lantled  who  is  deaf 
and  dumb,  or  dumb,  blind,  or  inffi-m,  unless  he  belongs 
to  a  family  accompanying  him  or  already  in  Canada, 
and  which  gives  security,  satisfactory  to  the  minister, 
and  in  conformity  with  the  regulations  in  that  behalf,  if 
any,  for  his  permanent  support  if  admitted  into  Canada. 


84  THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

soni'*''''®'^  P<""-  27.  No  immigrant  shall  be  permitted  to  land  in  Canada 
who  is  afflicted  with  a  loathsome  disease  or  with  a  disease 
which  is  contagious  or  infectious  and  which  may  become 
dangerous  to  the  public  health  or  widely  disseminated, 
whether  such  immigrant  intends  to  settle  in  Canada  or 
only  to  pass  through  Canada  to  settle  in  some  other 
Proviso.  country;  provitled  that  if  such  disease  is  one  which  is 

curable  within  a  reasonably  short  time,  the  immigrant 
suffering  therefrom  may,  subject  to  the  regulations  in  that 
behalf,  if  any,  be  permitted  to  remain  on  board  where 
hospital  facilities  do  not  exist  on  shore,  or  to  leave  the 
vessel  for  medical  treatment,  under  such  regulations  as 
may  be  made  by  the  Minister. 

^^gi^a^»persand  28.  No  pcrsou  shall  be  permitted  to  land  in  Canada 
who  is  a  pauper,  or  tlestitute,  a  professional  beggar,  or 
vagrant,  or  who  is  likely  to  become  a  public  charge;  and 
any  person  landed  in  Canada  who,  within  two  years  there- 
after, has  become  a  charge  upon  the  public  funds,  whether 
municipal,  provincial  or  federal,  or  an  inmate  of  or  a 
charge  upon  any  charitable  institution,  may  be  deported 
and  returned  to  the  port  or  })lace  whence  he  came  or  sailed 
for  Canada. 
Criminals   and      29.   No  immigrant  shall  be  jjermitted  to  land  in  Canada 

prosti  u  es.         ^j^^  |^^^  been  convicted  of  a  crime  involving  moral  turj)i- 

tude,  or  who  is  a  prostitute,  or  who  procures,  or  brings, 

or  attempts  to  bring  into  Canada,  prostitutes  or  women 

for  purposes  of  prostitution. 

Prohibition  of     30.  The  Govcmor  in  Council  may,  by  liroclamation  or 

grants.  Order,  whenever  he  consideis  it  necessary  or  expedient, 

prohibit  the  landing  in  Canada  of  any  s])ecified  class  of 
mimigrants  or  of  any  immigrants  who  have  come  to 
Canada  otherwise  than  by  continuous  journey  from  the 
country  of  which  they  are  natives  or  citizens  and  upon 
through  tickets  purchased  in  that  country, 

qufrT on  tan": .    31.  Actiug  uudcr  the  authority  of  the  Minister,   the 

grants seeiving ad- immigration  agcut,   the  medical  officer,  and  any  other 

adf.°  'officer  or  officers  named  by  the  Minister  for  such  pur})ose, 

may  act  as  a  boaril  of  inc[uiry  at  any  port  of  entry  to  con- 
sider and  decide  upon  the  case  of  any  immigrant  seeking 
admission  into  Canada. 

minX.'  ^°  *^'      (2)  The  decision  of  such  board  touching  the  right  of  any 
such  immigrant  to  land  in  Canada  shall  be  subject  to  ap- 
peal to  the  Minister. 
Procedure.  (3)  The  Governor  in  Council  may  make  regulations  gov- 

erning the  procedure  in  connection  with  inquiries  by  such 
boards  of  inquiry  and  appeals  from  their  decisions. 

pr!ihibited^tom°i-     ^^'  ^^^  railway  or  transportation  companies  or  other 

grants.  persous    bringing    immigrants    from    any    country    into 

Canada  shall,  on  the  demand  of  the  superintendent  of 
immigration,  deport  to  the  country  whence  he  was 
brought,  any  immigrant  prohibited  by  this  Act,  or  by 
anj  order  in  council  or  regulation  made  thereunder  from 
being  landed  in  Canada  who  was  brought  by  such  rail- 
way, transportation  company,  or  other  person  into  Canada 


THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  85 

within  a  period  of  two  years  prior  to  the  date  of  such 
demand. 

33.  Whenever  in  Canada  an  immigrant  has,  within  two    immigrant  be- 

Pi   •     1         1-  •      f\  1        V  11-         1  corning    public 

years  or  Ins  iandmo;  m  Lanada,  become  a  pubhc  charge,  charKe  or  criminal 
or  an  inmate  of  a  penitentiary,  gaol,  prison,  or  hospital  op  ^^'"^'^m  two  years, 
other  charitable  institution,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
clerk  or  secretary  of  the  municipality  to  forthwith  notify 
the  Minister,  giving  full  particulars. 

(2)  On  receipt  of  such  information  the  Minister  may,  Minister  may 
in  his  discretion,  after  investigating  the  facts,  order  theuon.'^'^  epor  a- 
deportation  of  such  immigrant  at  the  cost  and  charges  of 

such  immigrant  if  lie  is  able  to  pay,  and  if  not  then  at 
the  cost  of  the  municipality  wherein  he  has  last  been 
regularly  resident,  if  so  ordered  by  the  Minister,  and  if 
he  is  a  vagrant  or  tramp,  or  there  is  no  such  municipality, 
then  at  the  cost  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior. 

(3)  When  the  immigrant  is  an  inmate  of  a  penitentiary, ,  •^r^pf  of  minis- 

1  •  ,^         Vr-     •    .  £     T       x-  ,,-  'ter  if  immigrant 

gaol,  or  prison,   the  Mnnster  or  Justice  ma}^,  upon  the  is  in  prison. 
request  of  the  Minister  of  the  Interior,  issue  an  order  to 
the  warden  or  governor  of  such  penitentiary,  gaol,  or 
prison,  commanding  him  to  deliver  the  said  immigrant 
to  the  person  named  in  the  warrant  issued  by  the  Super- 
intendent of  Immigration  as  hereinafter  provided,  with  a 
view  to   the   deportation   of  such   immigrant;  and   the 
Superintendent  of  Immigration  shall  issue  his  warrant  to    ^va^rant  of  su- 
such  person  as  he  may  authorize  to  receive  such  immi- fm^mi^^aUon*  °^ 
grant  from  the  warden  or  governor  of  the  penitentiary, 
gaol,  or  prison,  as  the  case  may  be,  and  such  order  and 
warrant  may  be  in  the  form  given  in  schedule  2  of  this  act, 

(4)  Such  order  of  the  Minister  of  Justice  shall  be  suf- 
ficient authority  to  the  warden  or  governor  of  the  pen- 
itentiary, gaol,  or  prison,  as  the  case  may  be,  to  deliver 
such  immigrant  to  the  person  named  in  the  warrant  of 
the  Superintendent  of  Immigration  as  aforesaid,  and  such 
warden  or  governor  shall  obey  such  order;  and  such  war- 
rant of  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration  shall  be  suf- 
ficient authority  to  the  person  named  therein  to  detain 
such  immigrant  in  his  custody  in  any  part  of  Canada  until 
such  immigrant  is  delivered  to  the  authorized  agent  of 
the  transpoi-tation  company  or  companies  which  brought 
him  into  Canada,  with  a  view  to  his  deportation  as  herein 
provided. 

(5)  Every  immigrant  deported  under  this  section  shall    deportation  by 

I,  •I'ij^i  i  ±     i-  company     which 

be  carried,  by  the  same  transportation  company  or  com- brought  immi- 
panies  which  brought  him  into  Canada,  to  the  port  from  ^'^°'" 
which  he  came  to  Canada,  without  receiving  the  usual 
payment  for  such  carriage. 

(G)  In  case  he  was  brought  into  Canada  by  a  railwaj'-pg^J'  ""^''^y 
company,  such  company  shall  similaily  convey  him  or 
secure  his  conveyance  from  the  municipality  or  locality 
whence  he  is  to  be  deported  to  the  country  whence  he 
was  brought. 


86  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

Punishment  of      /J)  ^j;jy  immigrant  deported  under  this  section  as  hav- 

deported     iinmi-  .      ^  /  -  .  o  i 

grant  returning  to  ing  Decoiiie  an  inmate  ot  a  penitentiary,  gaol,  or  prison, 
Canada.  .^^^|^^  retums  to  Canada  after  such  deportation  may  be 

brought  before  any  justice  of  the  peace  in  Canada;  and 
such  justice  of  the  peace  shaU  thereupon  make  out  his 
warrant  under  his  hand  and  seal  for  the  recommittal  of 
such  immigrant  to  the  penitentiary,  gaol,  or  prison  from 
which  he  was  deported,  or  to  any  other  penitentiary,  goal, 
or  prison  in  Canada;  and  such  immigrant  shall  be  so  re- 
committed accordingly  and  shall  untlergo  a  term  of  im- 
prisonment equal  to  the  residue  of  iiis  sentence  which 
remained  unexpired  at  the  time  of  his  deportation. 
stowaways.  333,.  The  master  of  any  vessel  bound  for  Canada,  hav- 

ing on  board  thereof  a  stowaway,  shall  carry  him  to  the 
port  of  destination  of  the  vessel  in  Canada,  and,  if  it  is 
a  port  of  entry  where  there  is  an  immigration  building 
with  an  immigration  agent  in  charge  thereof,  shall  hand 
the  stowaway  over  to  the  immigration  agent,  who  shall 
detain  him  in  safe-keeping  until  the  vessel  is  readv  to 
leave  the  port,  when  the  stowaway  shall  be  placed  by  the 
immigration  agent  in  the  custody  of,  and  shall  be  received 
by,  the  master  of  the  vessel  on  board  of  it. 

(2)  Any  vessel  entering  Canada  having  on  board  a 
stowaway  and  destined  for  a  port  in  Canada  which  is  not 
a  port  of  entry,  or  at  which  if  it  is  a  port  of  entry,  there 
is  no  l)uilding  for  the  reception  of  immigrants  with  an 
immigration  agent  in  charge,  shall  carry  the  stoAvaway 
to  that  port,  ami  on  arrival  thereat  the  master  of  the  ves- 
sel shall  lay  an  information  against  the  stowaway  before 
a  justice  of  the  peace  charging  liim  with  being  a  stowaway 
within  the  meaning  of  this  Act,  and  the  justice  shall  on 
his  summary  conviction  of  the  stowaway  order  him  to  be 
detained  in  the  common  gaol  or  other  prison  for  the  port, 
until  the  vessel  is  ready  to  leave  the  port,  when  the  stow- 
away shall  be  placed  by  any  peace  officer  in  the  custody 
of  and  shall  be  received,  by  the  master  of  the  vessel  on 
board  of  it. 

(3)  The  master  of  a  vessel  shall  carry  to  the  port  from 
which  the  vessel  came  to  Canada,  without  charge,  any 
stowaway  who  has  been  returned  to  the  custody  of  the 
master  and  received  by  him  on  board  of  the  vessel,  as 
provided  by  this  section. 

PROTECTION    OF   IMMIGRANTS. 

Passengers  may     34,  Evcrv  immigrant  on  any  vessel  arriving  at  a  port 

remain  on  board     «  ,  .i-i,i  ±  £  ^  1 

twenty-four  of  entry  to  which  the  ow^ner  or  master  ot  such  vessel 
hours  after  ar- gj^gg^gg^^j  ^^  convey  him.  If  facilities  for  housing  or  inland 
carriage  for  such  immigrant  are  not  immediately  avail- 
able, shall  be  entitled  to  remain  and  keep  his  luggage  on 
board  the  vessel  for  twenty-four  hours  after  such  arrival, 
and  the  master  of  such  vessel  shall  not,  before  the  expiry 
of  such  twenty-four  hours,  remove  any  berths  or  accom- 
modation used  bv  such  immigrants. 


THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION   IN    CANADA.  87 

35.  The  master  of  any  vessel  having  immigrants  on  j^^g^s^e°|ers^a°^ 
board  shall  land  his  passengers  and  their  luggage  free  of  landed  tree. 
expense  to  the  said  passengers  at  any  of  the  usual  public 

landing  places  at  the  port  of  arrival  according  to  orders 
which  he  receives  from  the  immigration  agent  at  the  said 
port,  and  at  reasonable  hours  as  fixed  by  the  immigra- 
tion agent  in  accordance  with  the  regulations  in  that 
behalf. 

36.  The  Minister  or  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration    Landing  piaee. 
may,  from  time  to  time,  by  instructions  to  the  immigra- 
tion agent  at  any  port  of  entry,  appoint  the  place  at 

which  all  passengers  arriving  at  such  port  shall  be  landed. 

37.  At  the  place  so  appointed  the  Minister  may  cause    shelter  and  m- 
proper  shelter  and  accommodation  to  be  provided  for  the  be'provided" 
immigrants  until  they  can  be  forwarded  to  their  place  of 
destination. 

38.  No  person  shall,  at  any  port  or  place  in  Canada,  for    -^j^^o^pifgj  e°* 
hire,  reward,  or  gain,  or  the  expectation  thereof,  conduct,  cept  by  licensed 
solicit,  or  recommend,  either  orally  or  by  handbill  orP*^''^°"^- 
placard,  or  in  any  other  manner,  any  immigrant  to  or  on 

behalf  of  any  owner  of  a  vessel,  or  to  or  on  behalf  of  any 
lodging-house  keeper  or  tavern  keeper,  or  any  other  per- 
son, for  any  purpose  connected  with  the  preparations  or 
arrangements  of  such  immigrant  for  his  passage  to  his 
final  place  of  destination  in  Canada,  or  in  the  United  States 
or  in  other  territories  outside  of  Canada,  or  give  or  pretend 
to  give  to  such  immigrant  any  information,  oral,  printed, 
or  otherwise,  or  assist  him  to  his  said  place  of  destination, 
or  in  an}'  way  exercise  tlie  vocation  of  booking  passengers, 
or  of  taking  money  for  their  inland  fare,  or  for  the  trans- 
portation of  their  luggage,  unless  such  person  has  first 
obtained  a  license  from  the  Superintendent  of  Immigra- 
tion authorizing  him  to  act  in  such  capacity. 

39.  No  person,  whether  a  licensed  immigrant  runner,  or    Runners  not  to 
agent  or  })erson  acting  on  behalf  of  any  steamboat  com- fore  p^^sengers 
pany,  railway  company,  forwarding  company,  or  hotel  or  ^''^ '^'^^'"^■ 
boarding-house  keeper  or  his  agent,  shall  go  on  board  any 

vessel  bringing  immigrants  into  Canada  after  such  vessel 

has  arrived  in  Canadian  waters,  or  into  an  immigration 

building  or  onto  anj^vv^iarf  where  immigrants  are  landed,  or 

shall  book  or  solicit  any  immigrant  by  such  vessel,  before 

the  immigrants  are  landed  from  such  vessel,  unless  he  is    unless  licensed. 

authorized  so  to  do  by  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration 

or  immigration  agent  at  the  port  of  entry  where  such 

vessel  is  to  land  its  passengers. 

40.  Every  keeper  of  a  tavern,  hotel,  or  boarding-house    Lists  of  hotel 
in  any  city,  town,  village,  or  place  in  Canada,  designated  house  prices  to  be 
by  any  order  in  council,  who  receives  into  his  house  as  a  ^'^p'^^'^'^' 
boarder  or  lodger  any  immigrant  within  three  months 

after  his  arrival  in  Canada,  shall  cause  to  be  kept  con- 
spicuously posted  in  the  public  rooms  and  passages  of  his 
house  and  printed  upon  his  business  cards,  a  list  of  the 
prices  wliicli  will  be  charged  to  immigrants  per  day  and 
week  for  board  or  lodging,  or  both,  and  also  the  prices  for 


88  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

separate  meals,  which  cards  shall  also  contain  the  name 

of  the  keeper  of  such  house,  together  with  the  name  of 

the  street  m  which  it  is  situate,  and  its  number  in  such 

street. 

grants' gTod^ito-      (-)  ^o  such  boar(ling-house_  keeper,  hotel  keeper,  or 

ited.  tavern  keeper  shall  have  any  lien  on  the  effects  of  such 

immigrant  for  any  amount  claimed  for  such  board  or 

lodging  for  anv  sum  exceeding  $5. 

J^'^^l'JJ^.Tu^t     41.  If  complaint  be  made  to  the  Minister  or  the  Super- 

01        CO   111   pitlllit^  rtT  •  •  •  •! 

against  any  com- mtendent  or  Immigration  against  any  railway  company 
tionVact  ^'°  "^  or  other  incorporated  company  of  any  offence  or  violation 
of  this  Act,  or  of  any  law  of  the  United  Kingdom  or  of 
any  other  country,  in  any  matter  relating  to  immigrants 
or  immigration,  the  Minister  may  cause  such  inquiry  as  he 
thinks  proper  to  be  made  into  the  facts  of  the  case,  or  may 
bring  the  matter  before  the  Governor  in  Council  in  order 
that  such  inciuiry  may  be  made  under  the  IiKpiiries  Act. 
Powers  of  min-  (2)  If  upon  sucli  inquiry  it  appears  to  the  satisfaction 
of  the  Minister  that  the  company  has  been  guilty  of  such 
violation,  the  Minister  may  require  the  company  to  make 
such  compensation  to  the  })erson  aggrieved,  or  to  do  such 
other  thing,  as  is  just  and  reasonable;  or  may  adopt 
measures  for  causing  such  proceedings  to  be  instituted 
against  the  company  as  the  case  requires. 
Property  of  im-     42    jf  both  the  immigrant  parents,  or  the  last  surviv- 

migrant    parents.  .  .  f^  „  1  -i  1  1   -i  1  1  1  ^ 

dying.  ing  immigrant  parent,  or  any  child  or  children  brought 

with  them  in  any  vessel  bound  for  Canada  die  on  the 
voj^age,  or  at  any  quarantine  station  or  elsewhere  in  Can- 
ada while  still  uiuler  tiie  care  of  an  immigration  agent  or 
other -oflicer  under  this  Act,  the  Minister,  or  such  officer 
as  he  deputes  for  the  purpose,  may  cause  the  effects  of 
such  parents  or  ])arent  to  be  disposed  of  for  the  benefit 
of  such  child  or  childi'en  to  the  best  advantage  in  his 
power,  or,  in  his  discretion,  to  be  delivered  over  to  any 
institution  or  person  assuming  the  care  and  charge  of 
such  child  or  children. 
Intercourse  be-     43.  ]SJo  officcr,  seaiiian,  or  other  person  on  board  of 

frmaie"?mm"i-any  vcssel  bringing  immigrants  to  Canada  shall,  while 

fted"*^  P"""*"'*^" such  vessel  is  in  Canadian  waters,  entice  or  admit  any 
female  immigrant  passenger  into  his  apartment,  or,  ex- 
cept hj  the  direction  or  permission  of  the  master  of  such 
vessel  first  made  or  given  for  such  purpose,  visit  or  fre- 
quent any  part  of  such  vessel  assigned  to  female  immi- 
grant passengei"s. 
Notice  of  fore-     44^  'fj^g  master  of  every  vessel    bringing  immigrant 

be^osS'ip°°  °  passengers  to  Canada,  shall,  at  all  times  while  the  vessel 
is  in  Canadian  waters,  keep  posted,  in  a  conspicuous 
place  on  the  forecastle  and  in  the  several  parts  of  the  said 
vessel  assigned  to  immigrant  passengers,  a  written  or 
printed  notice  in  the  English,  French,  Swedish,  Danish, 
German,  Russian,  and  Yiddish  languages,  and  such  other 
languages  as  are  ordered  from  time  to  time  by  the  Super- 
intendent of  Immigration,  containing  the  provisions  of 
this  Act  regarding  the  prevention  of  intercourse  between 


THE    IMMIGRATION   SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  89 

the  crew  and  the  immigrant  passengers,  and  the  penalties 
for  the  contravention  thereof,  and  keep  such  notice  so 
posted  during  the  remainder  of  the  voyage. 

(2)  The  immigration  agent  at  the  port  of  entiy  shan^.i^^P^'ion  ^o_f 
inspect  eveiy  such  vessel  upon  arrival  for  evidence  of  deuce  of  contra- 
comphance  with  this  section,  and  shall  institute  proceed-  ^''^°^'''°- 
ings  for  any  penalty  incurred  for  violation  thereof. 

OFFENCES    AND    PENALTIES. 

45.  Everv  person  who  does  in  Canada  anything  for  the    False  represen- 

n "  •  •         J.I  iT'i.'  ■•  talion   to  induce 

purpose  of  causmg  or  procunng  the  publication  or  circu- or  deter  immigra- 
lation,  by  advertisement  or  otherwise,  in  a  country  out-"°°- 
side  of  Canada  of  false  representations  as  to  the  oppor- 
tunities for  employment  in  Canada,  or  as  to  the  state  of 
the  labor  market  in  Canada,  intended  or  adapted  to  en- 
courage or  induce,  or  to  deter  or  prevent,  the  immigration 
into  Canada  of  persons  resident  in  that  country,  or  who 
does  anything  in  Canada  for  the  purpose  of  causing  or 
procuring  the  communication  to  an}^  resident  of  such 
country  of  any  such  false  representations,  shall,  if  any 
such  false  representations  are  thereafter  so    pubhshed, 
circulated,  or  communicated,  be  guilty  of  an  offence  and 
liable,  on  summaiy  conviction   before   two   justices    of 
the  peace,  to  a  penalty  for  each  offence  of  not  more  than    Penalty. 
$1,000  and  not  less  than  S50. 

46.  If  any  vessel  from  any  port  or  place  outside  of    vessels   carry- 
Canada  comes  within  the  limits  of  Canada  haying  on  above num^ber^au- 
board  or  having  had  on  board  at  any  time  during  herthorized. 
voyage — 

(a)  Any  greater  number  of  passengers  than  1  adult 
passenger  for  every  15  clear  superficial  feet  on  each  deck 
of  such  vessel  appropriated  to  the  use  of  such  passen- 
gers, and  unoccupied  by  stores  or  other  goods  not  being 
the  personal  luggage  of  such  passengers;  or 

(b)  A  greater  number  of  persons,  including  the  mas- 
ter and  crew  and  the  cabin  passengers,  if  any,  than  1  for 
every  2  tons  of  the  tonnage  of  such  vessel,  calculated 
in  the  manner  used  for  ascertaining  the  tonnage  of  Brit- 
ish ships,  the  master  of  such  vessel  shall  incur  a  penalty 

not  exceeding  S20  and  not  less  than  $8  for  each  passen-    penalty, 
ger  or  person  constituting  such  excess. 

47.  If  the  master  of  any  vessel  does  not,  forthwith  after    Masters  not 
such  vessel  arrives  at  any  port  of  entry  in  Canada,  and™^^'°s''^P°'''^- 
before  any  entry  of  such  vessel  is  allowed,  deliver  to  the 
immigration  agent  at  the  port  at  which  such  vessel  is  to 

be  entered  a  correct  report,  in  the  form  prescribed  by  the 
regulations  in  that  behalf,  of  all  the  passengers  on  board 
such  vessel  at  the  time  of  her  departure  from  the  port  or 
place  whence  she  last  cleared  or  sailed  for  Canada,  and  a 
true  statement  of  the  other  particulars  mentioned  in  the 
said  form,  he  shall  incur  a  penalty  of  S20  for  each  day  dur-  Penalty, 
ing  which  he  neglects  so  to  deliver  such  list,  and  S8  for 
each  passenger  whose  name  is  omitted  in  such  report. 


90  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION   IN    CANADA. 

Masters  permit-     48_  jf  the  master  of  any  vessel  arriving  at  any  port 
paslengers' bifore  of  entry  in  Canada  permits  any  passenger  to  leave  the 
report  certified,    ^^gg^j  before  he  has  delivered  to  the  immigration  agent 
at  any  such  port  a  certified  and  correct  report  in  the  form 
prescribed  by  the  regulations  in  that  behalf,  and  received 
permission  from  theimmigration  agent  to  allow  the  pas- 
sengers to  land,  he  shall  incur  a  penalty  not  exceeding 
Penalty.  $100  and  uot  Icss  than  $20  for  every  passenger  so  leaving 

the  vessel. 

49.  Every  pilot  who  has  had  charge  of  any  vessel  having 
i/g'to'irform  passengers  on  board,  and  knows  that  any  passenger  has 
agent  of  violation  j^gp^^  permitted  to  leave  the  vessel  contrary  to  the  provi- 
sions of  this  Act,  and  who  does  not  immediately  upon  the 
arrival  of  such  vessel  in  the  port  to  which  he  engaged  to 
pilot  her,  and  before  the  immigration  agent  has  given 
permission  to  the  passengers  to  leave  the  vessel,  inform 
the  said  agent  that  such'passenger  or  passengers  has  or 
have  been  so  permitted  to  leave  the  vessel,  shall  incur 
Penalty  ^  penalty  not  exceeding  $100  for  every  passeno;er  with 

regard  to  whom  he  has  wilfully  neglected  to  give  such 
information. 
Master  neglect-      §0.  If  the  master  of  any  vessel  arriving  at  any  port  of 
ing  to  deliver  re-  entry  in  Canada  (a)  omits  to  report  in  wTiting  to  the  mi- 
tionagenr"'^''"  migration  agent  at  such  port,  in  the  report  required  by 
this  Act  to  be  delivered  by  him  on  each  voyage,  the  name 
and  age  of  each  passenger  embarked  on  board  of  such  ves- 
sel on  such  voyage  who  is  lunatic,  idiotic,  epileptic,  deaf 
and  dumb,  or  dumb,  blind,  or  infirm,  or  suffering  from  any 
disease  or  injury  known  to  exist  by  the  medical  officer  of 
the  ship,  stating  also  as  to  each  passenger  whether  he  is 
accompanied  by  relatives,  able  to  support  him  or  not;  or 
(h)  makes  any  "false  report  in  any  of  such  particulars,  he 
Penalty.  shall  iucur  a  penalty  not  exceeding  $100  and  not  less  than 

$20  for  every  passenger  in  regard  to  whom  any  such 
omission  occurs  or  any  such  false  report  is  made. 
Liability  of      (2)  The  owner  of  the  vessel  shall  in  such  case  also  be 
owner.  liable  for  the  aforesaid  penalty,  and,  if  there  are  more 

owners  than  one,  such  owners  shall  be  so  liable  jointly  and 
severally ;  but  in  any  case  under  this  section  where  a  con- 
viction has  been  obtained  against  the  master  of  the  vessel, 
no  further  prosecution  against  the  owner  of  the  vessel 
shall  be  instituted. 
Master  neglect-  61.  If  the  master  of  anv  vessel  arriving  at  any  port  in 
S'ngTrfdyingCanada  refuses  or  neglects  _ 

and  their  prop-      (^)  Xo  mention  in  the  report,  in  the  form  set  forth  m 
^'"*^'  the  schedule  to  this  Act,  the  name,  age,  and  last  place  of 

residence  of  any  person  who  has  died  during  the  passage 
of  the  vessel,  and  to  specify  whether  such  passenger  was 
accompanied  by  relatives  or  other  persons,  if  any,  who 
would  be  entitled  to  take  charge  of  the  moneys  and  effects 
left  bv  such  person,  and  the  disposal  made  thereof,  or 

(byU  there  are  no  such  relatives,  or  other  persons  en- 
titled to  take  charge  of  such  moneys  and  effects,  to  fully 
designate  in  the  said  report  the  quantity  and  description 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  91 

of  the  property,  whether  money  or  otherwise,  left  b}-  sucli 
person,  and  to  pay  over  and  fully  account  therefor  to  the 
immigration  a^jent  for  the  port  at  which  the  vessel  is 
entered,  he  shall  incur  a  penalty  not  exceeding  $1,000  and    penaity. 
not  less  than  S20. 

52.  If  the  master  of  any  vessel  arriving  at  any  port  of  Master  compei- 
entry  in  Canada  where  facilities  for  housing  or  inland  le"ve''Tt^"e^Ve° 
carriage    are    not    immediatelv    available,    ccunpels    anvf"''?-^hou'"sfrom 

.  ^  ,  ,   .  1   1*      c  I  •  •  r      1  ■     arrival. 

mmugrant  to  leave  Ins  vessel  berore  the  expn-ation  or  the 
period  of  twenty-four  hours  after  the  arrival  of  the  vessel 
m  the  port  or  harbor  to  which  the  master  or  owner  of 
such  vessel  engaged  to  convey  such  immigrant,  he  shall 
incur  a  penalty  not  exceeding  $20  for  each  such  immi-  penalty, 
grant  whom  he  so  compels  to  leave  the  vessel. 

(2)  If  such  master,  before  the  expiration  of  the  said  ^enh  Tt"  ^^  °  ^ 
period,  removes  any  berth  or  accommodation  used  by 
any  passenger,  except  with  the  written  permission  of  the 
immigration  agent  at  the  port  of  entry,  he  shall  for  each    Penalty. 
such  removal  incur  a  like  penalty  of  $20. 

53.  If  the  master  of  any  vessel  arriving  at  any  port  of  ^  Master  refusing 
entry  fails  or  refuses  to  land  the  passengers  and  their  gers  free.  '''*^^^°' 
luggage,  free  of  expense  to  the  passengers,  at  one  of  the 

usual  public  landing  places  at  such  port  of  arrival,  and 
according  to  the  orders  which  he  received  from  the  immi- 
gration agent  at  such  port,  and  at  reasonable  hours  as 
fixed  by  such  agent  in  accordance  with  the  regulations  in 
that  behalf,  if  any,  he  shall  incur  a  penaltv  of  .$40  for  each  Penalty. 
offence. 

64.  If  the  master  of  an}^  vessel  arri\ang  at  any  port  of    Master  refusing 
entry  in  Canada,  and  having  on  board  such  vessel  anyp'^J^p^'fiy^^an^ 
passengers  to  whom  this  Act  applies,  refuses  or  neglects  to  passengers! 
land  such  passengers  and  their  luggage,  free  of  expense, 
and  by  steam  tug  or  other  proper  tender,  if  necessary, 
at  the  place  appointed  therefor  by  the  Alinister  or  the 
Superintendent  of  Immigration,  under  this  Act,  and  at 
reasonable  hours  fixed  as  aforesaid,  he  shall  incur  a  pen-    Penalty. 
alty  of  $20  for  each  such  passenger. 

55.  Every  person  who,  at  any  port  or  place  within  soliciting,  etc., 
Canada,   for  hire,   reward  or  gain,   or  the   expectation  o"|J^r^'\'}j'an   ^Jj] 

thereof censed  persons. 

(a)  Conducts,  solicits,  or  recommends,  either  orally  or 
by  handbill,  or  placard,  or  in  any  other  manner,  any  im- 
migrant to  or  on  behalf  of  (i)  any  owner  of  a  vessel,  or  (ii) 
any  railway  company,  or  (iii)  any  lodging-house  kee})er 
or  tavern  keeper,  or  (iv)  any  other  person,  for  any  pur- 
pose connected  with  the  preparations  or  arrangements  of 
such  immigrant  for  his  passage  to  his  final  place  of 
destination  in  Canada  or  in  the  United  States,  or  to  other 
territories  outside  of  Canada;  or 

(b)  Gives  or  pretends  to  give  to  such  immigrant  any 
information,  printed  or  otherwise,  or  assists  him  to  his 
said  place  of  destination,  or  in  any  way  exercises  the 
vocation  of  booking  passengers,  or  of  taking  money  for 


92  THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA. 

their  inland  fare,  or  for  the  transportation  of  their  lug- 
gage, shall,  unless  such  person  has  first  obtained  a  license 
from  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration  authorizing  him 
Penalty.  to  act  in  sucli  Capacity,  incur  a  penalty  of  not  more  than 

$50  for  each  offence. 

Runners  board-      56.  Evcry  liccnscd  immigrant  runner  or  agent,  or  per- 

p'alseSs landed  son  actiug '^ou  behalf  of  any  owner  of  a  vessel,  railway 

without   permit  company,  forwardiug  company,  or  any  hotel  or  boai'ding- 

agen  .  house  keeper,  or  his  agent,  who  goes  on  board  any  vessel 

bringing  immigrants  into  Canada,  or  books  or  solicits  any 

immigrant   by  such  vessel,   before  the  immigrants   are 

landed  therefrom,  shall,  unless  he  is  authorized  by  the 

immigration  agent  at  the  port  of  entry  where  such  vessel 

Penalty.  is  to  land  its  passengers  so  to  do,  incur  a  penalty  of  $25 

for  each  offence. 

Selling  tickets      57.  Evcry  person  licensed  under  this  Act  as  an  immi- 

exieTsh^lrttes.''^  grant  runuer  or  agent,  or  person  acting  on  behalf  of  any 

owner  of  a  vessel,  railway  company,  forwarding  company, 

or  hotel  or  boarding-house  keeper,  and  every  person  in 

his  employ  who  sells  to  any  immigrant  a  ticket  or  order 

for  the  passage  of  such  immigrant,  or  for  the  conveyance 

of  his  luggage  at  a  higher  rate  than  that  for  which  it  could 

be  purcTiased   directly  from  the  company  undertaking 

such  conveyance,  and  every  person  who  purchases  any 

such  ticket  from  an  immigrant  for  less  than  its  value,  or 

gives  in  exchange  for  it  one  of  less  value,  shall  incur  a 

Penalty.  penalty  of  $20  ifor  each  such  offence,  and  the  license  of 

such  person  shall  be  forfeited. 
Hotel   keepers     58.  Evcry  keeper  of  a  tavern,  hotel,  or  boarding-house 
up^nst1°Kr^ces  in  anv  citv,  town,  village,  or  other  place  in  Canada,  desig- 
cesftSo^f 'et'""'  nated  by  order  in  council,  who— 

(a)  Neglects  or  refuses  to  post  a  list  of  prices  and  to 
keep  business  cards  on  which  is  printed  a  list  of  the  prices 
which  will  be  charged  to  immigrants  per  day  or  w^eek  for 
boaixl  or  lodging,  or  both,  and  the  prices  for  separate 
meals,  and  also  the  name  of  the  keeper  of  such  house, 
together  with  the  name  of  the  street  m  which  the  house 
is  situated  and  its  number  in  such  street,  or 

(b)  Charges  or  receives,  or  permits  or  suffers  to  be 
charged  or  received,  for  board  or  lodging,  or  for  meals  in 
his  house,  any  sum  in  excess  of  the  prices  so  posted  and 
printed  on  such  business  cards,  or 

(c)  Omits  immediately,  on  any  immigrant  entering 
such  house  as  a  boarder  or  lodger  or  for  the  puri)ose  of 
taking  any  meal  therein,  to  deliver  to  such  immigrant  one 

Penalty.  of  such  ])"rinte(l  business  cards,  shall  incur  a  penalty  not 

exceeding  $20  and  not  less  than  $5. 

feJts^ifteT'tender      ^^-  Evcry  such  boardiug-house  keeper,  hotel  keeper,  or 

of $5.  tavern  keeper  who  detains  tlie  effects  of  any  immigrant 

by  reason  of  any  claim  for  board  or  lodging  after  he  has 

been  tendered  the  sum  of  $5  or  such  less  sum  as  is  actually 

due  for  the  board  or  lodging  of  such  immigrant,  shall 

Penalty.         Incur  a  penalty  not  exceeding  $25,  and  not  less  than  $5, 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA. 


93 


over  and  above  the  value  of  the  efl'ects  so  detained,  and 
he  shall  also  be  liable  to  restore  such  effects. 

(2)  In  the  event  of  any  such  unlawful  detention,  the  ^^^ec^oj_ery^of 
effects  so  detained  may  be  searched  for  and  recovered 
under  search  warrant  as  in  case  of  stolen  goods, 

60.  Every  olhcer,  seaman,  or  other  person  employed  ^Jj|,'j^'"™^[se^ 
on  board  of  anv  vessel  bringinir  immifrrants  to  Canada  female     ■ 


be- 
and 
Immi- 


grants. 


Penalty. 


Permitting  em- 
ployees on  vessel 


Penalty. 


Neglecting     to 
post  up  notice  of 


who  while  such  vessel  is  in  Canadian  waters,  entices  or 
admits  any  female  immigrant  into  his  apartment,  or, 
except  by  the  direction  or  permission  of  the  master  of 
such  vessel,  ffrst  given,  visits  or  frequents  any  part  of  such 
vessel  assigned  to  female  innnigrant  passengers,  not  being 
cabin  passengers,  shall  incur  a  penalty  equal  in  amount  to 
his  wages  for  the  voyage  during  which  the  said  offence 
was  committed. 

61.  Every  master  of  any  vessel  who,  while  such  vessel ^^^ 

is  in  Canadian  waters,  directs  or  permits  any  officer  orfo  ^•isit  Vrtion 
seaman  or  other  person  employed  on  board  of  such  vessel  ^^^nts.  ^° 

to  visit  or  frequent  any  part  of  such  vessel  assigned  to 
immigrants,  except  for  the  purpose  of  doing  or  perform- 
ing some  necessary  act  or  duty  as  an  officer,  seaman,  or 
person  employed  on  board  of  such  vessel,  shall  incur  a 
penalty  of  S25  for  each  occasion  on  which  he  so  directs  or 
permits  the  provisions  of  this  section  to  be  violated  by 
any  othcer,  seaman,  or  other  person  employed  on  board 
of  such  vessel :  Promded,  That  this  section  shall  not  apply 
to  cabin  passengers,  or  to  any  part  of  the  vessel  assigned 
to  their  use. 

62.  Every  master  of  a  vessel  bringing  immigrants  to 
Canada  who  neglects  to  post,  and  keep  posted,  the  notice  provi^onT"con- 
required  by  this  Act  to  be  posted  regardino;  the  prevention  ^ants^^  immi- 
of  intercourse  between  the  crew  and  the  immigrants  and 

the  penalties  for  contravention  thereof  as  required  by  this 

Act,  shall  be  liable  to  a  penalty  not  exceeding  $100  for  each    Penalty. 

such  offence. 

63.  If,  during  the  voyage  of  any  vessel  carrying  inimi- g.^'o'a^'^on offo^ 
grants  from  anv  port  outside  of  Canada  to  anv  port  in  breach  of  contract 
Canada,  the  master  or  any  of  the  cre\y  is  guilty  of  any  ^''^  P^^engers. 
violation  of  any  of  the  laws  in  force  in  the  country  in 

which  such  foreign  port  is  situate  regarding  the  duties 
of  such  master  or  crew  toward  the  immigrants  in  such 
vessel,  or  if  the  master  of  any  such  vessel  during  such 
voyage  commits  any  breach  whatsoever  of  the  contract 
for  the  passage  made  with  any  immigrant  by  such  mas- 
ter, or  by  the  owner  of  such  vessel,  such  master  or  such 
one  of  the  crew  shall,  for  every  such  violation  or  breach 
of  contract,  be  liable  to  a  penalty  not  exceeding  SI 00  Penalty, 
and  not  less  than  $20,  independently  of  any  remedy 
which  such  immigrants  complaining  may  otherwise  have. 

64.  Every  person  who  violates  any  provision  of  this  contraventions 
Act,  or  of  any  order  in  council,  proclamation,  or  regulation  vided  for^  ^^^^°' 
in  respect  of  w;hich  violation  no  other  penalty  is  provided 

by  this  Act,  shall  incur  a  penalty  not  exceeding  $100.  Penalty. 


94  THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

Master  pe™it-     65.  Everj  ownei"  or  master  of  a  vessel  who  lands  or 
immigrant' to  permits  to  land  therefrom  in  Canada  any  immigrant  or 
loMikfon'botd  other  passenger  the  landing  of  whom  is  prohibited  by  this 
when  required.    j^(>j^^  or  by  any  Order  in  council,  proclamation,  or  regida- 
tion  made  thereunder,  whether  such  immigrant  or  pas- 
senger intends  to  settle  in  Canada  or  only  intends  to  pass 
through  Canada  to  settle  in  some  other  country,  or  who 
refuses  or  neglects,  when  thereunto  lawfully  reciuired,  to 
take  on  board  his  vessel  any  immigrant  or  passenger  who 
has  been  so  landed,  shall  incur  a  penalty  not  exceeding 
Penalty.  $1^000  and  not  less  than  $100  for  each  such  offence. 

Apprehension      QQ    ^j^y  persoii  landed  in  Canada  from  a  vessel,  or 

of  prohibited  per- ,  ,    .    f     .^    ^  ,       t  •^  i__     j..._ 


sons  who  shall  be  brought  iuto  Canada  by  a  railway  company,  in  contra- 
o^r"™founfr'yvention  of  this  Act,  or  of  any  order  in  council  or  procla- 
w hence  theyj^atiou  lawfully  issucd  thereunder,  or  any  person  landed 
came.  ^^^  medical  treatment  who  remains  in  Canada  in  contra- 

vention of  such  order  or  proclamation,  may  be  appre- 
hended, without  a  warrant,  by  any  immigration  agent  or 
other  government  officer,  and  may,  by  force  if  necessary, 
be  compelled  to  return  to  or  be  taken  on  board  the  vessel, 
Penalty.  ^^^^j^  -^^  ^|^^  ^.^^^^  q^-  ^  i-aihvay  Company,  be  returned  to 

the  country  whence  he  came. 
Master  of  vessel      (2)  EveiT  owiier  Or  master  of  a  vessel  and  every  rail- 

or    railway  com-         ^    '  J  ,  i-ij.ii  '•• 

pany  violating  way  Company  or  other  person  wlfo  violates  the  provisions 
this  section.        ^£  ^j^-^  gp^j-^Qj-^^  q^.  ^y\^^^  .^\^\^  q^  ^bcts  any  immigrant  or 

passenger  in  acting  in  contravention  of  such  order  or  proc- 
lamation, or  who  refuses  or  neglects  to  take  any  such 
immigrant  or  passenger  on  board  such  vessel  or  the  cars 

Penalty.  of  such  railway  company,  shall  incur  a  penalty  not  ex- 

ceeding SI, 000  and  not  less  than  SlOO  for  each  such 
offence. 

Refusal  or  neg-      (3)  Evcrv  railway  company  which  wilfully  receives  or 

lect     of    railway         ^    '  .'  1       •         '  •      '      ,  j  1  ^ 

company.  transports  any  such  immigrant  or  other  passenger,  or 

which  refuses*^  or  neglects,  when  thereunto  lawfully  re- 
quired, to  take  on  board  its  cars  any  such  immigrant  or 

Penalty.  passciiger,  shall  be  liable  to  a  penalty  not  exceeding  SI  .000 

and  not  less  than  $100  for  each  such  offence. 

Apprehension      gy    ^n^  pcrsoii  fouiid  ill  Canada  who  has  come  into 

and    deportation  .^  ^         •  .  K  .  -ii,  tt  i.u_ 

of  immigrants  li-  Canada  Within  a  period  ot  two  years  from  any  other 
able  to  exclusion,  country  by  any  means  or  inotle  of  conveyance  and  who 
would  be  iia])le  to  exclusion  or  deportation  under  any  of 
the  provisions  of  this  Act  relating  to  irnmigrants  or  pas- 
sengers arriving  by  ship  or  railway  train  may  be  appre- 
hended and  compelled  to  return  to  "the  country  whence  he 
came. 
head^°o7''fLraiiv^     ^^-  ^^  ^^^  ^^^^  where  deportation  of  the  father  or  head 
dependmt '*mem-  of  a  family  is  ortlered,  all  dependent  members  of  the  family 
^^'^^'  may  be  deported  at  the  same  time. 


THE   IMMIGRATION    6ITUATI0JS   IN    CANADA.  95 

RECOVERY    OF    PENALTIES. 

69.  Every  diit.v  or  penalty  imposed  under  the  f^iithority  gi^^^'^^^^^jfJ'i^gP^JJ; 
of  this  Act  upon  the  owner,  charterer,  or  master  of  any  vessel, 
vessel  shall,  until  payment  thereof,  be  a  lien  upon  any 

vessel  of  the  company  or  owner  or  charterer  in  respect 
whereof  it  has  become  payable,  and  may  be  enforced  and 
collected  by  the  seizure  and  sale  of  the  vessel,  her  tackle, 
apparel,  and  furniture,  under  the  warrant  or  process  of 
the  mairistrate  or  court  before  whom  it  has  been  sued  for, 
and  shall  be  preferred  to  all  other  liens  or  hypothecations 
except  mariners"  wages. 

(2)  Every  penalty  imposed  under  the  authority  of  thiSp^^g^^^^^JJ^V,^™^: 
Act  upon  a  railway  company  shall,  until  payment  thereof,  company  to  be 
be  a  lien  or  cliaro;e  upon  the  railway  property,  assets,  *<^° °"  p'"'*p"^>  • 
rents,  and  revenues  of  such  company. 

PROCEDURE, 

70.  Every   prosecution  for  a  penalty  under  this  Act  .  where  pmsecu- 
may  be  instituted  at  the  place  where  the  offender  theiibrought™^^ 

is,  before  any  justice  of  the  peace  having  jurisdiction  in 
such  place,  and  may  be  recovered,  upon  summary  con- 
viction, at  the  suit  of  any  immigration  agent,  and  the 
penalties  recovered  shall  be  paid  into  the  hands  of  the 
Minister  of  Finance  and  shall  form  part  of  the  Consoli- 
dated Revenue  Fund  of  Canada. 

(2)  The  justice  of  the  peace  may  award  costs  against  costs, 
the  offender  as  in  ordinary  cases  of  summary  proceedings, 
and  may,  in  the  case  of  an  owaier,  charterer,  or  master  of 
a  vessel,  also  award  imprisonment  for  a  term  not  exceed- 
ing three  months,  to  terminate  on  payment  of  the  pen- 
alty incurred,  and  may,  in  his  discretion,  award  any  part 
of  the  penalty,  when  recovered,  to  the  person  aggrieved 
bv  or  through  the  act  or  neglect  of  such  offender. 

"71.  If  it  appears  to  the  justice,  by  the  admission  of  ^^,^;^Yhlre'^is°no 
such  person  or  otherwise,  that  no  sufficient  distress  can  sufficient  distress. 
be  had  whereon  to  levy  the  moneys  so  adjudged  to  be 
paid,  he  may,  if  he  thinks  fit,  refi-ain  from  issuing  a  war- 
rant of  distress  in  the  case,  or,  if  such  warrant  has  been 
issued,  and  upon  the  return  thereof  such  insufficiency  as 
aforesaid  is  made  to  appear  to  the  justice,  then  such  jus- 
tice shall,  by  warrant,  cause  the  person  ordered  to  pay 
such  money  and  costs  as  aforesaid  to  be  committed  to 
gaol,   there   to  remain  without  bail  for  any  term  not 
exceeding  three  months  unless  such  moneys  and  costs 
ordered  to  be  paid,  and  such  costs  of  distress  and  sale 
as  aforesaid,  are  sooner  paid  and  satisfied;  but  such  im- 
prisonment of  a  master  of  any  vessel  shall  not  discharge    ^^.^^  ^^^  ^.^_ 
the  vessel  from  the  lien  or  liability  attached  thereto  by  charged, 
the  provisions  of  this  Act. 

72.  No  conviction  or  proceeding  under  this  Act  shall    com^ctgns^or 
be  quashed  for  want  of  form,  nor,  unless  the  penalty  to  be  quashed  for 
imposed  is  SI 00  or  over,  be  removed  by  appeal  or  certio- ^^°'' °^ '°'™' 
rari  or  otherwise  into  any  superior  court. 


96  THE   IMMIGKATION    SITUATION   IN    CANADA. 

Warrant    and      (2)  No  Warrant  or  commitment  shall  be  held  void  by 
to  brheuFvoid!"  reason  of  any  defect  therein,  if  it  is  therein  alleged  that 
the  person  has  been  convicted  and  there  is  a  good  and 
valid  conviction  to  sustain  the  same. 
^|ecuntyjncase      (3)  jj^  ^\^q  p.^ge  of  removal  by  appeal  or  certiorari  or 
0  appea ,  e  c.      Q^j^gj-^^ise  of  any  conviction  or  proceeding  under  this  Act 
into  any  Superior  Court,  security  shall  be  given  to  the 
extent  of  $100  for  the  costs  of  such  removal  proceedings 
to  such  superior  court. 
nsJs^^nde?^a*cT     "^3.  All  cxpcnscs  incurred  in  carrying  out  the  provi- 
pensesun  er  ac  •  ^.^^^^  ^^  this  Act  aud'of  affording  help  and  advice  to  immi- 
grants and  aiding,  visiting,  ancl  relieving  destitute  immi- 
grants,   procuring    medical    assistance,    and    otherwise 
attending  to  the  objects  of  immigration,  shall  be  paid 
out  of  any  moneys  granted  by  parliament  for  any  such 
purpose  and  under  such  regulations  or  under  such  orders 
in  council,  if  any,  as  are  made  for  the  distribution  and 
application  of  such  moneys. 


Appendix  B. 


GOVERNMENT    BILL    PROPOSING    AMENDMENTS    TO 
THE  CANADIAN  IMMIGRATION  LAW.'^ 

[Second  session  eleventh  Parliament,  9-10  Edward  VII,  1909-10.] 

The  House  of  Commons  of  Canada. 

BILL  102. — An  Act  respecting  Immigration. 

His  Majesty,  by  and  \\dth  the  advice  and  consent  of 
the  Senate  and  House  of  Commons  of  Canada,  enacts  as 
follows : 

SHORT    TITLE. 

1.  This  act  may  be  cited  as  The  Immigration  Act. 

INTERPRETATION . 


Short  title. 


.  2.  In  tliis  Act,  and  in  all  ordei-s  in  council,  proclama- 
tions and  regulations  made  thereunder,  unless  the  con- 
text otherwise  requires — 

(a)  ''Minister"  means  the  Minister  of  the  Interior. 

(b)  "Officer"  means  any  person  appointed  under  this 
Act,  for  any  of  the  purposes  of  tliis  Act,  and  any  officer  of 
customs;  and  includes  the  Superintendent  of  Immigra- 
tion, immigration  commissioners  and  inspectors  and  every 
person  recognized  by  the  Minister  as  an  immigration  agent 
or  officer  with  reference  to  anything  done  or  to  be  done 
under  this  Act,  whether  within  or  outside  of  Canada,  and 
whether  with  or  without  formal  appointment. 

(c)  "Immigration    officer   in    charge"    or   "officer   inct^arge" 
charge"  means  the  immigration  officer,  or  medical  officer, 

or  other  person  in  immediate  charge  or  control  at  a  port 
of  entry  for  the  purposes  of  this  Act. 

(d)  "  Domicile"  means  the  place  in  which  a  person  has 
his  present  home,  or  in  which  he  resides,  or  to  which  he 
returns  as  his  place  of  present  peraianent  abode,  and  not 

for  a  mere  special  or  teip  porary  purpose.     Canadian  domi- 

cile  is  acquired  for  the  purposes  of  this  Act  by  a  person  quired 
having  his  domicile  tor  at  least  three  years  in  Canada 
after  having  been  1p  irlod  therein  within  the  meaning  of 
this  Act:  Provided,  That  the  time  spent  hj  a  person  in 
any  penitentiary,  gaol,  reformatory,  prison  or  asylum  for 
the  insane  in  Canada  shall  not  be  counted  in  the  three- 
j'-ear  period  of  residence  in  Canada  which  is  necessary  in 


Definitions. 


Minister.- 
Officer." 


Officer      In 


Domicile." 


How  Canadian 
domicile    ac- 


Provlso. 


o  By  Mr.  Oliver.     First  reading  January  19,  1910. 
1910;  see  Appendix  I. 

35365— S.  Doc.  469,  t.1-2 7 


This  bill  became  a  law  May  4, 


97 


98  THE   IMMIGEATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

How  Canadian  order  to  acquire  Canadian  domicile.  Canadian  domicile 
domicile  ost.  ^^  ^^^^^  ^^^  ^^^^  purposes  of  tliis  Act,  by  a  person  volun- 
tarily residing  out  of  Canada,  not  for  a  mere  special  or 
temporary  purpose,  but  with  the  present  intention  of 
making  his  permanent  home  out  of  Canada  unless  and 
until  something  which  is  unexpected,  or  the  happening 
of  which  is  uncertain,  shall  occur  to  induce  him  to  return 
to  Canada. 

"Allen."  (g)   "Alien"  means  a  person  who  is  not  a  British  sub- 

ject. 

"Canadian citi-      ({)  "Canadian  citizen"  means — 
^^■"  {i)  A  person  born  in  Canada  who  has  not  become  an 

alien; 

(ii)  A  British  subject  who  has  Canadian  domicile;  or, 
(iii)  A  person  naturalized  under  the  laws  of  Canada 
who  has  not  subsequently  become,  an  alien  or  lost  Cana- 
dian domicile: 

Proviso.  Provided,  That  for  the  purpose  of  tliis  Act  a  woman  who 

has  not  been  landed  in  Canada  shall  not  be  held  to  have 
acquired  Canadian  citizenship  by  virtue  of  her  husband 
being  a  Canadian  citizen;  neither  shall  a  child  who  has 
not  Deen  landed  in  Canada  be  held  to  have  acquired 
Canadian  citizenship  through  its  father  or  mother  being  a 
Canadian  citizen. 

"Immigrant."  (^)  "Immigrant"  means  a  person  who  enters  Canada 
with  the  intention  of  acquiring  Canadian  domicile,  and 
for  the  purposes  of  this  Act  every  person  entering  Canada 
shall  be  presumed  to  be  an  immigrant  unless  belonging  to 

"Nonimmigrant  Q^g  q[  ^\^q  following  classcs  of  persons,  hereinafter  called 
"nonimmigrant  classes: 

Canadian  citi-      (j)  Canadian  citizens;  and  persons  who  have  Canadian 

Domiciled  resi-  domicile. 

"^^Dipiomatic.  (ii)  Diplomatic  and  consular  officers,  and  all  accredited 

representatives  and  officials  of  British  or  foreign  govern- 
ments, their  suites,  families,  and  guests,  coming  to  Canada 
to  reside  or  to  discharge  any  official  duty  or  to  pass 
through  in  transit. 

MHitary.  (iii)  Officers  and  men,  with  their  wives  and  families, 

belonging  to  or  connected  with  His  Majesty's  regular 
naval  and  military  forces. 

Tourist.  (iv)  Tourists    and   travellers  merely  passing   through 

Canada  to  another  countiy. 

students.  (v)  Students  entering  Canada  for  the  purpose  of  attend- 

ance, and  while  in  actual  attendance,  at  any  university  or 
college  authorized  by  statute  or  charter  to  confer  degrees; 
or  at  any  high  school  or  collegiate  institute  recognized  as 
such  for  the  purpose  of  this  Act  by  the  Minister. 

Professional.  (vi)  Members  of  dramatic,  musical,  artistic,  athletic  or 

spectacular  organizations  entering  Canada  temporarily  for 
the  purpose  of  giving  public  performances  or  exhibitions 
of  an  entertaining  or  instructive  nature;  and  actors,  art- 
ists, lecturers,  musicians,  priests  and  ministers  of  reh^ion, 
professors  of  colleges  or  other  educational  institutions, 


THE    IMMIGEATIO]Sr    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 


99 


ily  ■ 


'Head  of  fam- 


"  Passenger.- 


and  commercial  travellers,  entering  Canada  for  the  tem- 
porary exercise  of  their  respective  callings. 

(vii)  Holders  of  a  permit  to  enter  Canada,  in  force  f or  j^j^^'J^I'^y^.^ ^P^ 
the  time  being,  in  form  A  of  Schedule  1  to   this  Act,  ada. 
signed  by  the  Minister  or  by  some  person  duly  author-  . 

ized:  Provided,  That  whenever  in  the  opinion  of  the  Min- 
ister or  Superintendent  of  Immigration  or  Board  of  Inquiry 
or  officer  acting  as  such,  any  person  has  been  improperly 
included  in  any  of  the  nonimmigrant  classes,  or  has  ceased 
to  belong  to  any  of  such  classes,  such  person  shall  there- 
upon be  considered  an  immigrant  within  the  meaning  of 
this  Act  and  subject  to  all  the  provisions  of  this  Act  re- 
specting immigrants  seeking  to  enter  Canada. 

(70   ''^Family"  includes  father  and  mother,  and  children    "Family." 
under  eighteen  years  of  age. 

(i)  "Head  of  family"  means  the  father,  mother,  son, 
daughter,  brother,  or  sister  upon  whom  the  other  mem- 
bers of  the  family  are  mainly  dependent  for  support. 

(j)  "Passenger"  means  a  person  lawfully  on  board  any 
ship,  vessel,  railway  train,  vehicle,  or  other  contrivance 
for  travel,  or  transport,  and  also  includes  any  person  rid- 
ing, walking,  or  otherwise  travelling  across  any  interna- 
tional bridge  or  highway;  but  shall  not  be  held  to  include 
the  master  or  other  person  in  control  or  command  of  such 
vessel,  ship,  railway  train,  vehicle,  bridge,  highway,  or 
other  contrivance  for  travel  or  transportation,  or  any 
member  of  the  crew  or  staff  thereof,  or  mihtaiy  or  naval 
forces  and  their  families  who  are  carried  at  the  expense  of 
the  Government  of  the  United  Kingdom  or  the  Govern- 
ment of  any  British  Dominion  or  Colony:  Provided,  That 
am"  member  of  the  crew  of  a  ship  or  of  the  staff  of  a  rail- 
way train  or  other  contrivance  for  travel  or  transport  who 
deserts  or  is  discharged  in  Canada  from  his  sliip  or 
railway  train  or  other  contrivance  for  travel  or  transport 
shall  thereupon  be  considered  a  passenger  \^athin  the 
meaning  of  this  Act. 

(k)  "Stowaway"  means  a  person  who  goes  to  sea  se-  "stowaway.' 
creted  in  a  ship  without  the  consent  of  the  master  or  other 
person  in  charge  of  the  ship,  or  of  a  person  entitled  to  give 
such  consent ;  or  a  person  who  travels  on  any  railway  train 
or  other  conveyance  ^^-ithout  the  consent  of  the  conductor 
or  other  person  authorized  to  give  such  consent. 

(?)  "Ship"  or  "vessel"  inchides  every  boat  and  craft  of    "Ship." 
any  kind  whatsoever  for  travel  or  transport  other  than  by 
land. 

(m)  "Master"  means  any  person  in  command  of  a  ship 
or  vessel. 

(n)  "0\\mer"  as  appHed  to  a  ship  or  vessel  includes  the 
charterers  of  such  ship  or  vessel  and  the  agent  of  the  o-wner 
or  charterer  thereof. 

(o)  "Port  of  entiy"  means  any  port,  railway  station,  or 
place  in  Canada  at  which  there  is  an  officer  and  where  in- 
spection of  immigrants  may  be  carried  on. 


Proviso. 


'Master.' 


'Owner." 


'Port  of  entry." 


100  THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

"Landed."  (p)  "Land,"  "landed,"  or  "landing,"  as  applied  to  pas- 

sengers or  immigrants,  means  their  lawful  admission  into 
Canada  by  an  officer  under  this  Act,  otherwise  than  for  in- 
spection or  treatment  or  other  temporarj^  purpose  pro- 
vided for  by  this  Act. 

"Rejected."  (^)  "Rejected,"  as  applied  to  an  immigrant  or  other 

person  seeking  to  enter  Canada,  means  that  such  immi- 
grant or  other  person  has  been  examined  by  a  Board  of 
Inquiiy  or  officer  acting  as  such  and  has  been  refused  per- 
mission to  land  in  Canada. 

"Deportation."  (;.)  "  Depoi'tatiou  "  iiieaus  the  removal  under  authority 
of  this  Act  of  any  rejected  immigrant  or  other  person,  or 
of  any  immigrant  or  other  person  who  has  already 
been  landed  in  Canada,  or  who  has  entered  or  who  re- 
mains in  Canada  contrar^^  to  any  provision  of  this  Act, 
from  any  place  in  Canada  at  which  such  immigrant  or 
other  person  is  rejected  or  detained  to  the  place  whence  he 
came  to  Canada,  or  to  the  country  of  his  birth  or  citizen- 
sliip. 
strtto.™'^*^*"*  M^  "  Inmiigrant  station  "  means  any  place  at  which  im- 
migrants or  passengers  are  examined,  inspected,  treated, 
or  detained  by  an  officer  for  any  purpose  under  this  Act, 
and  includes  hospitals  maintained  for  the  purposes  of  this 
Act. 
ci)mp^T°^*^"°°  ^^^  "Transportation  company"  means  and  includes  an}'- 
corporate  body  or  organized  firm  or  person  cariying  or 
providing  for  the  transit  of  passengers,  whether  by  ship, 
railway,  bridge,  highway  or  otherwise,  and  any  two  or 
more  such  transportation  companies  cooperating  in  the 
business  of  carrying  passengers. 

"^^*-"  (w)  "Immigration  Act"  or  "Act"  shall  be  held  to  in- 

clude all  orders  in  council,  proclamations,  and  regulations 
made  hereunder. 

ExPLANATOUY  NOTE. — This  interpretation  section  is  more  comprehen- 
sive than  that  in  the  present  Act,  the  object  being  to  define  every  term 
frequently  occurring  in  this  bill  which  might  otherwise  be  given  vari- 
ous meanings  by  immigration  otficers  or  by  Boards  of  Inquiry  or  by  the 
courts,  e.  g.,  ''family,"  "head  of  family,"  "immigrant,"  etc.,  have  no 
strict  legal  meaning,  but  for  immigration  purposes  it  is  expedient  that 
their  meaning  should  be  defined  and  fixed. 

Paragraph  ((/).— This  is  based  upon  the  dictum  of  Vice-Chancellor 
Kindersley  in  the  case  of  Lord  v.  Colvin  (4  Drew,  376;  28  L.  J.  €h.,  3C6) 
as  follows:  "I  would  venture  to  suggest  that  the  definition  of  an  ac- 
quired domicile  might  stand  thus:  'That  place  is  properly  the  domicile 
of  a  person  in  which  he  has  voluntarily  fixed  the  habitation  of  himself 
and  his  family,  not  for  a  mere  special  and  temporary  purpose,  but  with 
a  present  intention  of  making  it  his  permanent  home,  unless  and  until 
something  which  is  unexpected,  or  the  happening  of  which  is  uncertain, 
shall  occur  to  induce  him  to  adopt  some  other  permanent  home.'  " 

As  to  the  proviso. — The  two-year  period  of  domicile  required  under 
the  present  Act  has  been  changed  in  this  bill  to  a  three-year  period. 
This  will  be  in  accord  with  the  United  States  Immigration  Act,  and  will 
also  correspond  with  the  three-year  period  of  domicile  required  under 
our  Naturalization  Act;  but  without  the  present  proviso  an  undesirable 
immigrant  might  receive  a  sentence  of  three  or  more  years  imprison- 
ment shortly  after  landing  in  Canada  and  upon  his  release  it  would  not 
be  possible  to  deport  him. 


THE   IMMIGRATIOX    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  101 

Paragraph  (g). — The  fact  of  a  person  belonging  to  any  of  the  nonimmi- 
grant classes  does  not  mean  that  he  is  necessarily  free  to  enter  Canada  or 
that  he  is  exempt  from  all  restrictions  under  this  bill,  but  that  he  is  ex- 
empt from  sections  and  regulations  applying  to  immigrants,  such  as  pos- 
session of  a  required  amount  of  cash  (sec.  37),  certain  physical  disabili- 
ties (sec.  3,  par.  c),  payment  of  passage  out  of  public  moneys  (sec.  3,  par. 
h),  prohibition  from  landing  (sees.  37,  38,  and  39) .  On  the  other  hand,  a 
nonimmigrant  is  not  entitled  to  certain  privileges  and  protection  given 
to  immigrants  by  sections  55,  56,  57,  58,  59,  60,'63,  G4,  65,  66,  67,  68,  69, 
70,  71,  and  72.  Nonimmigrants  and  immigrants  are  equally  prohibited 
from  landing  in  Canada  under  paragraphs  (a),  (b),  (d),  (e),  and  (/)  of  sec- 
tion 3. 

Subparagraph  ii. — This  is  subsection  (b)  of  rule  2  of  the  United  States 
Regulations  promulgated  by  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Immigration 
on  July  1,  1907,  specifying  tho.'^e  exempt  from  payment  of  head  tax,  and 
reading:  "Diplomatic  and  consular  officers,  and  other  accredited  offi- 
cials of  foreign  governments,  their  suites,  families,  and  guests  coming  to 
the  United  States  to  reside  or  to  pass  through  in  transit." 

Subparagraph  iii. — This  is  in  effect  paragraph  (i)  of  section  3  of  the 
Australian  "Immigration  Restriction  Act,  1901,"  giving  a  list  of  those 
exempt  from  the  Act,  and  reading:  "Members  of  the  King's  regular  land 
and  sea  forces." 

Siibparagruph  v. — This  is  to  pro\dde  that  students  from  other  coun- 
tries shall  not  be  debarred  from  the  priAdlege  of  a  Canadian  education 
on  account  merely  of  not  complying  with  the  physical,  mental,  or  finan- 
cial standard  required  of  immigrants.  There  is  aspecial  Act  governing 
the  entrance  of  Chinese  students  into  Canada. 

Subparagraph  vii. — This  feature  is  borrowed  from  the  Australian  Act 
above  referred  to,  paragraph  (h)  of  section  3,  dealing  with  prohibited 
classes,  reading,  "But  the  following  are  excepted:  (/;)  Any  person  pos- 
sessed of  a  certificate  of  exemption  in  force  for  the  time  being  in  the  form 
in  the  schedule,  signed  by  the  Minister  or  b)^  any  officer  appointed  under 
this  Act,  whether  within  or  without  the  Commonwealth."  (See  ex- 
planatory note  to  section  4.) 

Paragraph  (k). — To  the  definition  of  "stowaway"  under  the  present 
Act  has  been  added  a  clause  which  will  include  tramps  who  pass  from 
the  United  States  into  Canada  concealed  on  freight-cars. 

PROHIBITED    CLASSES. 

3.  No  immigrant,  passenger,  or  other  person,  unless  he  ^.j^/^^  ^^^^j^j^? 
is  a  Canadian  citizen,  shall  be  permitted  to  land  in  Canada,  grants. 
or  in  case  of  having  landed  in  or  entered  Canada  shall  be 
permitted  to  remain  therein,  who  belongs  to  any  of  the 
following  classes,  hereinafter  called  "  prohibited  classes :" — 

(a)  Idiots,  imbeciles,  feeble-minded  persons,  epileptics,  tan^'^defectivT" 
insane  persons,  and  persons  who  have  been  insane  within 

five  years  previous. 

(b)  Persons  afflicted  with  any  loathsome  disease,  or  with  g^ns^^^'"^    ^"' 
a  disease  which -is  contagious  or  infectious,  or  which  maj^ 

become  dangerous  to  the  pubUc  health,  whether  such  per- 
sons intend  to  settle  in  Canada  or  only  to  pass  through 
Canada  in  transit  to  some  other  country:  Provided,  That 
if  such  disease  is  one  which  is  curable  within  aTeasonably 
short  time,  such  persons  may,  subject  to  the  regulations 
in  that  behalf,  if  any,  be  permitted  to  remain  on  board 
ship  if  hospital  facilities  do  not  exist  on  shore,  or  to  leave 
ship  for  medical  treatment. 

(c)  Immigrants  who  are  dumb ,  blind,  or  otherwise  phys-  aiiy^dl'fectfv'^^^"^" 
ically  defective,  unless  in  the  opinion  of  a  Board  of  Inquiry 

or  officer  acting  as  such  they  have  sufficient  money,  or 
have  such  profession,  occupation,  trade,  employment,  or 


102  THE   IMMIGKATION   SITUATION   IN    CANADA. 

other  legitimate  mode  of  earning  a  living  that  they  are 
not  liable  to  become  a  public  charge  or  unless  they  belong 
to  a  family  accompanying  them  or  already  in  Canada  and 
which  gives  security  satisfactory  to  the  Minister  against 
such  immigrants  becoming  a  public  charge. 
Criminals.  (d)  Persons  wlio  liavc  been  convicted  of  any  crime  in- 

volving moral  turpitude. 
Prostitutes  and      (<')  Prostitutcs  and  womeii  and  girls  coming  to  Canada 

pmps.  j^^^  ^^^y  immoral  purpose,  and  pimps  or  persons  living  on 

the  avails  of  prostitution. 

Procurers.  (f)  Pcrsons   who   procure    or    attempt    to    bring   into 

Canada  prostitutes  or  women  or  girls  for  the  purpose  of 

prostitution  or  other  immoral  purpose. 

Beggars  and  va-      (g)  Professional  beggars  or  vagrants,  or  persons  likely 

^^^^  ^  to  l)ecome  a  public  charge. 

Charity  immi-      (Ji)  Immigrants  to  whom  money  has  been  given  or 

grants.  loaned  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  them  to  qualify  for 

landing  in  Canada  under  this  Act,  or  whose  passage  to 
Canada  has  been  paid  wholly  or  in  ])art  by  any  charitable 
organization,  or  out  of  public  moneys,  unless  it  is  shown 
that  tiie  authority  in  writing  of  the  vSuperintendent  of 
Immigration,  or  in  case  of  persons  coming  from  Europe, 
the  authority  in  writing  of  the  assistant  Su])erintendent 
of  Immigration  for  Canada,  in  London,  has  been  obtained 
for  the  landing  in  Canada  of  such  persons,  and  that  such 
authority  has  been  acted  upon  within  a  period  of  sixty 
days  thereafter. 

Explanatory  note. — The  classes  mentioned  in  para,a;raphs  (a),  (b), 
(c),  (d),  {('),  and  (/)  are  amonq;  the  prohibited  classes  under  the  ])resent 
Act,  and  i)arao:raph  (17)  includes  the  classes  mentioned  in  the  order  in 
council  of  l'\»bruary  25,  1908,  passed  on  a  memorandum  dated  February 
20,  1908,  from  the  Minister  of  the  Interior. 

Permit  to  en-  4.  Thc  Minister  may  issue  a  written  permit  authorizing 
any  person  to  enter  Canada  without  being  subject  to  the 
provisions  of  this  Act.  Such  permit  shall  be  in  thc  form 
A  of  the  schedule  to  this  Act,  and  shall  be  expressed  to  be 
in  force  for  a  specified  period  only,  but  it  may  at  any  time 
be  extended  or  cancelled  by  the  ^linister  in  wTiting.  Such 
extension  or  cancellation  shall  be  in  the  form  AA  of  the 
schedule  to  this  Act. 

Explanatory  note. — As  already  stated,  this  idea  is  taken  from  the 
Australian  "Immigration  Restriction  Act,  1901.,"  It  is  considered 
expedient  that  there  should  be  an  ultimate  power  to  permit  any  person 
to  enter  Canada,  such  power  to  be  exercised  through  the  Minister  of  the 
Interior,  in  order  tc  overcome  the  rigidity  of  the  Act  in  certain  cases. 

APPOINTMENT,  POWERS,  AND    DUTIES    OF    OFFICERS. 

Officers     ap-      5,  The  Govcmor  in  Council  juav  appoint  a  supcrintcnd- 

pointed   by  Gov-        .        c    •  •  ,  •  ..•'!».  .       i     .  , 

emor  in  Council,  cut  oi  immigration,  commissioncrs  or  immigration,  and 
such  other  officers  as  are  deemed  necessary  for  carrying 
out  the  provisions  of  this  Act. 
Immigration  of-      (2)  The  Govcmor  in  Council  may  establish  and  maintain 

*^^'  immigration  offices  at  such  places  within  and  outside  of 

Canada  as  from  time  to  time  seems  proper. 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN    CANADA.  103 

6.  Subject  to  any  regulations  in  that  behalf,  the  ^^^inis- p^^^'jj^^  Mk&I 
ter  may  appoint  or  employ,  either  permanently  or  tem-ter. 
porarily,  any  subordinate  officers,  not  otherwise  provided 

for,  required  in  furtherance  of  the  provisions  and  objects 
of  this  Act,  including  medical  officers,  inspectors,  guards, 
matrons,  and  nurses  at  immigrant  stations,  and  may  con- 
fer upon  them,  and  charge  them  with,  such  power  and 
duties  as  he  considers  necessary  or  expedient. 

7.  Subject  to  any  regulation  in  that  behalf,  all  officers  ^^^^^stance^^ to 
appointed  or  having  authority  under  this  Act  may,  ingency. 
emergency,    emplo}'    such    temporary    assistance    as    is 
required  for  carrying  out  any  duty  devolving  upon  them 

under  this  Act,  but  no  such  employment  shall  continue 
for  a  period  of  more  than  forty-eight  hours  ^vithout  the 
sanction  of  the  Minister. 

8.  Wlien  at  a  port  of  entry  there  is  no  im migration ^^^^il^ll° ° 
officer  available  for  duty  under  this  Act,  the  chief  customs 

officer  at  that  port  or  any  subordinate  customs  officer 
designated  by  him  shall  be,  ex  officio,  an  immigration 
officer, 

9.  Every  officer  appointed  under  this  Act  shall  perform    °""^  °^  °^- 
all  duties  prescribed  for  him  b}'  this  Act,  or  by  any  order 

in  council,  proclamation  or  regulation  made  thereunder, 
and  shall  also  perform  such  duties  as  are  required  of  him 
by  the  Minister,  either  directly  or  through  any  other 
officer;  and  no  action  taken  by  any  such  officer  under  or  for 
an}'  purpose  of  this  Act  shall  be  deemed  to  be  invalid  or 
unauthorized  merely  because  it  was  not  taken  by  the 
officer  specially  appointed  or  detailed  for  the  purpose. 

ExPLAXATORY  NOTE. — ^The  preceding  five  sections  are  slightly 
remodelled  from  the  present  Act. 

10.  Every  officer  appointed  under  this  Act  shall  have    Authority    as 

.1  .1-1  1  £  -1  xi-ij.  c  special  constable. 

the  authority  and  power  of  a  special  constable  to  enforce 
any  of  the  provisions  of  this  Act  relating  to  the  arrest, 
detention,  or  deportation  of  immigrants,  aliens,  or  other 
persons. 

Explanatory  note. — It  is  desirable  that  there  should  be  no  question 
as  to  the  authority  of  immigration  officers  to  perform  the  duties  of 
special  constables  in  regard  to  arrest,  detention,  or  deportation  of 
persons  under  this  Bill. 

11.  All  constables  and  other  peace  officers  ia  Canada,  t^^x^ute'^-dere 
whether  appointed  under  Dominion,  provincial,  or  mu- o^  ^"^i^ter. 
nicipal  authority,  shall,  when  so  directed  by  the  Minister 

or  by  any  officer  under  this  Act,  receive  and  execute, 
according  to  the  tenor  thereof,  any  written  order  of  the 
Minister,  or  of  the  Minister  of  Justice,  or  of  a  Board  of 
Inquiry,  or  officer  acting  as  such,  and  any  warrant  of  the 
Superintendent  of  Immigration,  for  the  arrest,  detention, 
or  deportation  of  any  immigrant,  alien,  or  other  person  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  Act. 

Explanatory  note. — It  is  desirable  that  all  police  throughout 
Canada  should,  without  question,  receive  and  execute  any  order 
relating  to  the  arrest,  detention,  or  deportation  of  any  person  under  this 
Bill. 


104  THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN    CANADA. 

Right  of  local      12.  For  the  preservation  of  the  peace,  and  in  order  that 

police  to  enter  im-  ,  ,t'  in  iv  -j^jii  <• 

migrant  stations,  arrests  may  be  made  ror  onences  against  the  laws  or 
Canada,  or  of  any  province  or  municipahty  thereof, 
wherein  the  various  immigrant  stations  are  located,  the 
officers  in  charge  of  such  immigrant  stations,  as  occasion 
may  require,  shall  admit  therein  any  constables  or  other 
peace  officers  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  such  laws; 
and  for  the  purposes  of  this  section  the  authority  of  such 
officers  and  the  jurisdiction  of  the  local  courts  shall  ex- 
tend over  such  immigrant  stations. 

Explanatory  note. — This  section  is  borrowed  from  the  United 
States  Act,  and  is  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  any  clash  of  authority 
between  officers  in  charge  of  immigrant  stations  and  the  local  police. 

APPOINTMENT,    POWERS    AND    PROCEDURE    OF    BOARDS    OF 

INQUIRY. 

Appointment  of      13^  The  Minister  may  aijpoint  three  or  more  officers, 

boards  of  mquiry.     »        i  .,        •  •  j.-  in  •  i  i      ii    i 

or  whom  tlie  immigration  olhcer  m  charge  sliall  be  one, 
at  any  port  of  entry,  to  act  as  a  permanent  Board  of 
Inquiry  for  tlie  summary  determination  of  all  cases  of 
immigrants  or  passengers  socking  to  enter  Canada  or 
detained  for  any  cause  under  this  Act. 

Explanatory  note. — Boards  of  Inquiry  are  provided  for  in  the 
present  Act,  but  none  have  ever  been  appointed,  nor  have  regulations 
been  made  to  govern  their  procedure.  Under  th(>  United  States  Act 
Boards  of  Inquiry  are  established  at  all  important  ])orts  of  entry,  and 
in  some  cases  they  are  established  at  some  interior  place  to  act  for  sub- 
ordinate ports  of  entry  along  the  Canadian  and  Mexican  border.  They 
are  found  most  useful  both  in  securing  fair  treatment  and  hearing  to 
immigrants  and  in  expediting  the  work  of  the  immigration  officers 
who  inspect  immigrants  and  passengers.  Under  this  Bill  the  procedure 
of  such  Boards  in  deciding  cases,  and  when  appeal  is  made  from  their 
decisions,  is  provided  for  in  the  nine  sections  following.  Practically 
the  only  differences  from  the  United  States  proccdiue  will  be,  first,  A 
summary  record  instead  of  a  complete  record  will  be  ke])t  of  the  Board's 
proceedings  (the  United  States  boards  are  ])rovided  with  clerks  and 
stenographers  paid  for  out  of  their  "immigrant  fund"  secured  from 
the  head  tax  on  aliens);  second,  In  cases  where  an  ai)peal  may  be 
taken  the  a])pellant.  must  put  xip  a  sum  of  money  on  certain  conditions, 
and  pending  the  result  of  the  appeal  is  detained  and  kept  at  an  immi- 
grant station  or  is  released  under  bond  instead  of  being  returned  to  the 
place  whence  he  came. 

j^AiUhority  of  14.  Such  Boards  of  Inquiry  shall  have  authority  to 
determine  whether  an  immigrant,  j^assenger,  or  other 
person  seeking  to  land  in  Canada  or  detained  for  any 
cause  under  this  Act,  shall  be  allowed  to  enter  or  remain 
in  Canada,  or  shall  be  rejected  and  deported, 

b^wd^"''^'*'"^^  ^^-  "^^^^  hearing  of  all  cases  brought  before  such 
Board  of  Inquiry  shall  be  separate  and  apart  from  the 
public,  but  in  the  presence  of  the  immigrant,  passenger, 
or  other  person  concerned  whenever  practicable,  and 
such  immigrant,  passenger,  or  other  person  shall  have 
the  right  to  be  represented  by  counsel  whenever  any 
evidence  or  testimony  touching  the  case  is  received  by 
the  Board,  and  a  summary  record  of  proceedings  and  of 
evidence  and  testimony  taken  shall  be  kept  by  the 
Board. 


THE  IMMIGRATION    SITUATION   IN    CANADA.  105 

(2)  The    Board,   and   any    member  thereof,  may,    at^jg^awng  of  evi- 
discretion,   administer  oaths   and   take   evidence  under 
oath  or  by  affirmation  in  an}^  form  which  they  deem 
binding  upon  the  person  being  examined. 

16.  In  all  such  cases  such  Board  of  Inquiry  may  hear,  ^ '^"  ^•^''^i°'^® '^ 

,    ,  .  ,      .    .  ^        ''.  ,        -^  'be  received. 

receive,  and  base  its  decision  upon  any  evidence,  con- 
sidered credible  or  trustworthy  by  such  Board  in  the 
circumstances  of  each  case;  and  in  all  cases  where  the 
question  of  the  right  to  enter  Canada  under  this  Act  is 
raised  the  burden  of  proof  shall  rest  upon  the  immigrant, 
passenger,  or  other  person  claiming  such  right. 

Explanatory  note. — It  is  considered  desirable  that,  although 
counsel  should  be  allowed  to  appear  on  behalf  of  any  person  whose 
case  is  before  a  Board  of  Inquiry,  no  legal  question  as  to  the  nature  or 
quality  of  evidence  should  be  permitted  to  hamper  or  confuse  members 
of  the  Board  in  arriving  at  a  decision,  they  being  supposed  to  base  their 
decision  on  any  evidence  which  by  them  in  the  circumstances  of  each 
case  shall  be  considered  credible  or  trustworthy. 

17.  The  Board  of  Inquiry  shall  appoint  its  o\vn  chair-  ■^^^ff^'^'^  °[^^ 
man  and  secretary  to  keep  the  record  of  its  proceedings,     '^  opre\ai. 
and  in  all  cases  and  questions  before  it  the  decision  of  a 
majority  of  the  Board  shall  prevail. 

18.  There  shall  be  no  appeal  from  the  decision  of  such  ^  cases  where  no 
Board  of  Inquiry  as  to  the  rejection  and  deportation  of  from\.oard.°"^ 
immigrants,  passengers,  or  other  persons  seeking  to  land 

in  Canada,  wdien  such  decision  is  based  upon  a  certificate 

of  the  examining  medical  officer  to  the  effect  that  such 

immigrants,  passengers,  or  other  persons  are  afflicted  with 

any  loathsome   disease,   or  with   a   disease   which  may 

become  dangerous  to  the  public  health,  or  that  they  come 

within  any  of  the  following  prohibited  classes,  namely, 

idiots,  imbeciles,  feeble-minded  persons,  epileptics,  and 

insane  persons:  Provided  always,  That  Canadian  citizens    Proviso  as  to 

shall  be  permitted  to  land  in  Canada  as  a  matter  of  right,  ze^ns*^  "*° 

19.  In  all  cases  other  than  provided  for  in  the  next    cases  where  ap- 
preceding  section  an  appeal  may  be  taken  to  the  Minister  board.  "^"^ 
against  the  decision  of  any  such  Board  of  Inquiry  or 

officer  in  charge  by  the  immigrant,  passenger,  or  other 
person  concerned  in  the  case,  if  the  appellant  forthwith 
serves  written  notice  of  such  appeal  (which  notice  may 
be  in  form  C  in  the  schedule  to  this  Act),  upon  the 
officer  in  charge,  or  the  officer  in  whose  custody  the 
appellant  may  be,  and  shall  at  the  same  time  deposit 
with  such  officer  the  sum  of  twenty  dollars  for  himself  and  ^security  for  cost 


mainteiianee 


ten  dollars  for  each  child  or  other  person  dependent  upon  pending  appeal 

such  appellant  and  detained  with  him,  such  siim  to  be 

used  for  the  purpose  of  defraying  the  cost  of  maintaining 

the  appellant  and  those  dependent  upon   him   pending 

the  decision  of  the  Minister  on  such  appeal.     In  case  of 

the  appeal  being  allowed  by  the  Minister  or  by  the  Board 

of  Inquiry  on  a  rehearing,  then  the  said  sum  shall  be 

returned  to   the  appellant;  and   in  case   of   the   appeal 

being  disallowed  by   the  Minister  or  by  the  Board  of 

Inquiry  on  a  rehearing,  then  the  balance  of  such  sum. 


106  THE   IMMIGEATION    SITUATION   IN    CANADA. 

if  any,  after  deduction  of  regular  detention  charges  for 
board,    shall    be    returned    to    the    appellant;    and    the 
appellant  shall  forthwith  be  deported. 
Notice  of  ap-     20.  Noticc  of  appeal  and  deposit  of  the  said  sum  shall 
P^^'-  .  act  as  a  stay  of  all  proceedings  until  a  final  decision  is 

ings.^^^^  rendered  by  the  Minister,  and  within  forty-eight  hours 

after  the  filing  of  the  said  notice  and  deposit  of  the  said 
sum  a  summary  record  of  the  case  shall  be  forwarded  by 
the  immigration  officer  in  charge  to  the  Superintendent 
of  Immigration,   accompanied  by  his  views  thereon  in 
writing. 
Appellant     in      21.  Pending  the  decision  of  the  Minister,  the  appellant 
deSofSand  those  dependent  upon  lum  shall  be  kept  in  custody 
ter-  at  an  immigrant  station,  unless  ordered  to  be  released 

by  the  IMinister  under  bond  as  provided  for  in  section  33 
of  this  Act. 
When    powers     22.  When  there  is  no  Board  of  Inquiry  at  a  port  of 
erSVy  oirue;  entry,  or  at  a  neighbouring  i)ortto  which  a  person  detained 
in  charge.  under  tliis  Act  could  conveniently  be  conveyed,  or  to 

which  a  case  for  decision  could  conveniently  be  referred, 
then  the  officer  in  chai-ge  shall  exercise  the  powers  and 
discharge  the  duties  of  a  Board  of  Inquiry  and  shall  follow 
as  nearly  as  may  be  the  ])rocedure  of  such  Board  as  regards 
hearing  and  appeal  and  all  other  matters  over  which  it 
has  jurisdiction. 

Explanatory  note.— Boards  of  Inquiiy  will  probably  only  be  estab- 
lished at  the  most  important  ports,  but  the  officers  in  charge  at  other 
ports  are  to  follow  the  procedure  and  exercise  the  powers  of  a  Board  of 
Inquiry  as  nearly  as  may  be. 

Jurisdiction  of  23.  No  court,  and  no  judge  or  officer  thereof,  shall  have 
Sion  and 'de- jurisdiction  to  review,  quash,  reverse,  restrain,  or  other- 
stricted''""  ''•'■wise  interfere  with  any  proceeding,  decision,  or  order  of 
the  Minister  or  of  aiiy  Board  of  Inquiry,  or  officer  in 
charge,  had,  made,  or  given  under  the  authority  and  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  Act  relating  to  the 
detention  or  dej)ortation  of  any  rejected  immigrant,  pas- 
senger, or  other  person,  ui)on  any  ground  whatsoever, 
unless  such  person  is  a  Canadian  citizen  or  has  Canadian 
domicile. 

Explanatory  note.— The  basic  idea  of  this  section  is  that  no  per- 
son who  has  been  rejected  by  the  immigration  officers  is  to  be  considered 
in  Canada  at  all  for  the  purpose  of  appealing  to  Canadian  courts  against 
any  action  of  the  anmigration  officers  authorized  under  this  Bill. 
They  are  to  be  considered  as  if  met  by  immigration  officers  and  rejected 
by  them  at  a  foreign  port.  The  right  to  land  enjoyed  by  Canadian 
citizens  and  persons  who  have  Canadian  domicile  is,  however,  pre- 
served; these  have  recourse  to  the  courts  if  their  rights  are  interfered 
with  by  immigration  officers.  As  to  all  others  the  immigration  officers 
are  the  l^est  judges  of  those  who  are  and  of  those  who  are  not  qualified 
to  land  in  Canada,  and  they  should  be  trusted  to  discharge  their  duties 
justly.  Moreover,  there  always  remains  the  right  of  appeal  to  the 
Minister. 
Further  regnia-  24.  The  Govemor  in  Council  may  make  such  further 
boards  ^"^''°'°^  regulations  governing  the  procedure  of  Boards  of  Inquiry 
and  appeal  therefrom  as  are  deemed  necessary. 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.                        107  I 

SPECIAL    PROVISIOX    AS    TO    PASSENGERS    BY    VESSEL.  \ 

25.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  every  transportation  com-    Passengers    to 

,..                                                  ,1                                i/^„]ube  landed  onlv  at  i 

pany  bringing  passengers  or  other  persons  to  Canada  by  places  desisndted  •; 

vessel  to  prevent  sucli  passengers  or  other  persons  leav-  c^rge*!^'^'^^^'^     '°  ^ 

ing  such  vessel  in  Canada  at  any  time  or  place  other  than  j 

as  designated  b}^  the  immigration  officer  in  charge,  and  j 

the  failure  of  any  such  companj'^  to  comply  with  such  i 

duty  shall  be  an  offence  against  this  Act  and  shall  be  I 

punished  by  a  fine  in  each  case  of  not  more  than  one    Penalty.  I 

thousand  dollars  and  not  less  than  twenty  dollars,  and  I 

eveiy  passenger  or  other  ])erson  so  landed  may  be  arrested  i 

and   detained   for  examination   as   contemplated  under  | 

section  33  of  this  Act.  * 

26.  The  master  shall  furnish  to  the  immigration  officer  Bin  of  health.  | 
in  charge  at  the  port  of  entiy  a  bill  of  health,  certified  b}"  j 
the  medical  officer  of  the  vessel,  such  bill  of  health  being  1 
in  the  form  and  containing  such  information  as  is  required  j 
from  time  to  time  under  this  Act.  j 

27.  Before  ai\y  passengers  are  permitted  to  leave  a  ^^CHficer  may  go  j 
vessel  in  Canada  the  immigration  officer  in  charge,  or  any  '  1 
officer  directed  by  him,  may  go  on  board  and  inspect  such  ! 
vessel  and  examine  and  take  extracts  from  the  manifest 

of  passengers  and  from  the  bill  of  health. 

(2)  The  master  shall  permit  any  examination  of  pas-    Master  to  per-  , 

^^  .1  iji'Ajj^i  1  I-  11*    mit  examination 

sengers  required  underfills  Act  to  be  made  on  board  niSof  passengers  on 

vessel  whenever  so  directed  by  the  immigration  officer ''°'*'''' '^^'p-  ^ 

in  charge.  j 

28.  Medical  officers  appointed  under  this  Act  shall  make    Medical  exami-  ■ 

,         ,,  ,  ,,ii  ...  pii-  •  J.  1  nation  of  passen- 

a  physical  and  mental  examination  of  all  immigrants  andgers.  i 

passengers  seeking  to  land  in  Canada  from  any  ship  or  j 

vessel,  except  in  the  case  of   Canadian  citizens.     Such  | 

examination  shall  be  made  in  accordance  with  and  sub-  I 

ject  to  regulations  prescribed  by  the  Superintendent  of  < 

Immigration  under  the  direction  or  with  the  approval  of  • 

the  Minister.                                                                                                     .  ; 

Explanatory  note. — It  is  considered  advisable  that  the  examina- 
tion to  be  made  by  medical  officers  under  this  Bill  shall  not  be  rigidly 
prescribed  in  the  Bill  itself,  but  shall  be  made  in  accordance  with  rules 
and  regulations  to  be  prescribed,  and  which  may  be  altered  or  sus- 
pended as  deemed  advisable  on  account  of  the  class  of  immigrants,  the 

time  of  the  year,  the  prevalence  of  epidemics,  the  health  conditions  ^ 

in  the  port  of  embarkation,  etc.  I 

29.  The  immigration  officer  in  charge,  after  satisfving  .when  permis-  i 

1   •           IP    ,1       ,     .T                     •                  J           c    xi   •        A     i.             I       £              sion  to  land  pas-  i 

himself  tliat  the  requirements  of  tins  Act,  and  or  any  sengers    to    be  i 

order  in  council,  proclamation,  or  regulation  made  there- granted.  ' 

under,  have  been  carried  out,  shall  grant  written  permis-  i 
sion  to  the  master  of  the  vessel  to  allow  the  passengers  to 
leave  the  vessel. 


108  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

SPECIAL    PROVISION    AS    TO    PASSENGERS    BY    LAND. 

Liability  of     30.  Everj  transportation  company  carrying  passengers 
companies  coop- -^  Canada  by  land  shall,  for  the  purposes  of  this  Act,  be 
considered  as  one  with  any  transportation  company  with 
which   it   cooperates   or   makes   or   affords   connection, 
whether  in  Canada  or  not  and  whether  under  the  same 
management  or  not,  and  shall  be  liable  for  any  offence 
against  this  Act  by  any  company  with  which  it  so  cooper- 
ates or  makes  or  affords  connection. 
Obligations  of     31.  Regulations  made  by  the  Govcmor  in  Council  uudcr 
compan^e°Tdn  "- ^^^^^  ^*"^  may  providc  that  the  obHgations  of  transporta- 
ing  passengers  by  tion  Companies  bringing  immigrants  and  passengevs  into 
Canada  l)y  land  shall  be  similar  to  tliose  imposed  by  this 
Act  on  masters  and  owners  of  vessels  bringing  immigrants 
and  passengers  to  Canada,  including  the  furnishing  of 
names  and   descriptions   of  such   immigrants   and   pas- 
sengers. 
Detention     of      (2)  Such   regulations  may   also   ])rovide   that  ofhcers 
under  this  Act  shall  have  the  poAver  to  liold  and  detain  rail- 
way"  trains,   cars,   and   otlier  vehicles  entering  Canada 
until  examination  of  immigrants  and  passengers  has  been 
made  as  required  by  this  Act;  and  may  provide  penalties 
for  noncompliance  with  such  regulations  by  transporta- 
tion com])anies,  or  any  official  or  employee  thereof. 

Explanatory  note. — Customs  officers  already  have  this  power. 
Obligations  of      (3)  Such   regulations   may  also   impose   a   duty  upon 

transportation        v     '  .        "  .  -'  .  ,      ^  .  .•'       t^. 

companies  to  pro- transportation  companies  to  provide,  equij),  and  main- 

buiidings!^'^™^'"'^  tain  suital)le  buihhngs  for  the  examination  and  detention 

of  passengers  for  any  j)iirp()se  under  this  Act  at  such  ports 

of  entry  or  border  stations  as  may  bo  designated  l)y  the 

Minister;  and  may  provide  penalties  for  noncompliance 

by    trans])ortation    com})anies    with    such    regulations: 

Proviso.  Prmmlrd,  That  no  transi)ortation  company  shall  be  made 

liable  for  the  safe-keeping  of  any  person  who  is  in  custody 

of  an  officer  for  any  cause  under  this  Act,  unless  such 

person  is  on   a  vessel,  railway  train,  or  other  vehicle 

belonging  to  or  operated  or  controlled  by  such  company. 

Regulations  for     32.  Subject  to  auy  regulations  made  under  the  pre- 

exammation      of  •>  .  10-  1  c  t  •  •  1 

passengers  from  ceding  section,ttie  wSupei'intendent  of  Immigration,  under 
united  states.  ^^^^  direction  or  with  the  approval  of  the  Minister,  shall 
j)rescribe  regulations  for  the  entry,  inspection,  and  medi- 
cal examination  of  immigrants  and  passengers  along  the 
border  of  Canada  so  as  not  to  unnecessarily  delay,  impede, 
or  annoy  passengers  in  ordinary  travel. 

Explanatory  note. — Section  32  of  the  United  States  Act  is  to  the 
like  effect,  and  almost  similarly  worded. 

LANDING    OF    PASSENGERS. 

Landing  of  pas-     33.  Evcrv  passeuger  or  other  person  seeking  to  land  in 

sengers.  Canada  shall  first  appear  before  an  immigration  officer, 

and  shall  be  forthwitn  examined  as  required  under  this 


THE    IMMIGKATIOX    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  109 

Act,  either  on  shipboard  or  on  train  or  at  some  other 
place  designated  for  that  purpose. 

(2)  Every  passenger  or  other  person  seeking  to  land  in  Answers  toques- 
Canada  shall  answer  truly  all  questions  put  to  him  by  any  *^'°°^' 
officer  when  examined  under  the  authority  of  this  Act. 

(3)  Every  passenger  or  other  person  so  examined  shall    Doubtful  cases. 
be  immediately  landed  unless  the  examining  officer  has 
reason  to  believe  that  the  landing  of  such  passenger  or 
other   person   would   be   contrary   to    any   provision   of 
this  Act. 

(4)  Every  passenger  or  other  person,  as  to  whose  right  to  Examination  in 
land  the  examining  officer  has  any  doubt,  shall  be  °^  ""  ^^''^' 
detained  for  further  examination  by  the  officer  in  charge, 
or  by  the  Board  of  Inquiry,  and  such  examination  shall  be 
forth^\^th  conducted  separate  and  apart  from  the  public, 
and  upon  the  conclusion  thereof  such  passenger  or  other 
person  shall  be  either  immediately  landed  or  shall  be 
rejected  and  kept  in  custody  pending  his  deportation. 

(5)  An  order  for  deportation  by  a  Board  of  Inquiry  or    Deportation. 
officer  in  charge  may  be    made  in  the   form  B  in  the 
schedule  to  this  Act,  and  a  copy  of  the  said  order  shall 
forthwith  be  delivered  to  such  passenger  or  other  person, 

and  a  copy  of  the  said  order  shall  at  the  same  time  be 

served  upon  the  master  or  owner  of  the  ship  or  upon  the  j 

local  agent  or  other  official  of  the  transportation  com-  j 

pany  by  which  such  person  was  brought  to  Canada ;  and  j 

such  person  shall  thereupon  be  deported  by  such  com-  j 

pan}'  subject  to  any  appeal  which  may  have  been  entered  ] 

on  his  behalf  under  section  19  of  this  Act.  ' 

(6)  Every  person  who  enters  Canada  except  at  a  port  of    ^^"^y  to  report  : 
entry  shall  forth\\ith  report  such  entry  to  the  nearest 

immigration  officer  and  present  himself  for  examination 

as  provided  by  this  section.  * 

(7)  Any  person  who  enters  Canada  except  at  a  port  of  ^^'^^^^''^'^g  p<"^ 
entry  may  be  arrested  and  detained  by  any  officer  for  '  '. 
examination  as  provided  under  this  section;  and  if  found 

not  to  be  a  Canadian  citizen,  such  entry  shall  in  itself  be  i 

sufficient  cause  for  deportation  whenever  so  ordered  by  a  i 

Board  of  Inquiry  or  officer  in  charge  subject  to  any  appeal 
which  may  have  been  entered  under  section  19 of  this  Act. 

(S)  Any  transportation  compan}^  or  person  knowingly  jP<'°^'*^j.Jo[j}f°g^j  1 

and  ^^^lfully  landing,  or  assisting  to  land  or  attempting  immigrant.  ' 

to  land  in  Canada,  any  prohibited  immigrant  or  person  i 

whose  entry  into  Canada  has  been  forbidden  under  this 
Act,  shall  be  guilty  of  an  offence  and  shall  be  liable  on  | 

con\dction,  to  a  ffiie  of  not  more  than  five  hundred  dollars  i 

and  not  less  than  fifty  dollars  for  each  proliibited  imnii-  I 

grant  or  other  person  so  landed  in  Canada,  or  whose  1 

landing  in  Canada  was  so  attempted.  \ 

(9)  Anv  transportation  companv  or  person  interfering    interference  j 

•}u  •  "^       •         i-  XE  -A        '     £  £1-1     -®with     officer    in 

with  an  immigration  officer  in  the  performance  ot  his  duty  performance  of 

under  this  Act, or  knowingly  and  wilfully  assisting  in  the^"*^-  I 

escape  of  any  person  detained  by  an  officer,  or  at  an  j 

immigrant  station,  for  any  purpose  under  this  Act,  or  ] 


110  THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

giving  false  information  to  an  officer,  wliereb}^  such  officer 

is  induced  to  land  or  permit  the  landing  of  any  person  in 

Canada  who  otherwise  would  be  refused  landing  for  any 

cause  under  tliis  Actor  would  be  detained  for  examination, 

Penalty.  shall  be  guilty  of  an  ofl'ence,  and  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  of 

not  more  than  five  hundred  dollars  and  not  less  than 

twenty  dollars  for  each  such  oflence. 

Penalty  for  tour-      ^j^q)  Evcry  pcrsou  who  eiitcrs  Canada  as  a  tourist  or 

be  sTich  faiifng  to  traveller  or  other  nonimmigrant,  but  who  ceases  to  be 

report.  g^^j^  ^^^^t^  remains  in  Canada,  shall  forthwith  re])ort  such 

facts  to  the  nearest  immigration  officer  and  shall  present 

himself  before  an  officer  for  examination  under  tliis  Act, 

and  in  default  of  so  doing  he  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  of  not 

more  than  one  hundred  dollars  and  shall  also  be  liable  to 

deportation  by  order  of  a  Board  of  Inquiry  or  officer  acting 

as  such. 

Release  under      ( n)  Pending:  the  final  disposition  of  the  case  of  anv 

bond  or  approved        \       ■'    'T         .        s         ,i  •,  jir  i" 

deposit.  person  detamed  or  taken  into  custody  tor  any  cause  under 

this  Act  he  may  be  released  under  a  bond,  which  bond 
may  be  in  the  form  F  in  the  scliedule  to  this  Act,  with 
security  approved  by  the  officer  in  charge,  or  may  be 
released  upon  deposit  of  money  with  the  officer  in  charge 
in  lieu  of  a  bond,  and  to  an  amount  approved  by  such 
officer;  upt)n  condition  that  such  person  shall  appear 
before  a  Board  of  Inquiry  or  officer  acting  as  sucli  at  any 
port  of  entry  named  by  the  officer  in  charge,  and  at  such 
time  as  shall  be  named,  for  examination  in  regard  to  the 
cause  or  complaint  on  account  of  wliich  he  has  been 
detained  or  taken  into  custody. 
Failure  to  ap-      n2)  If  such  ])ers(Hi  fail  to  appear  for  examination  at 

i,earforexamina-^^v^  time  and  phicc  named,  or  shall  fail  to  keep  and 
observe  every  other  condition  under  which  he  is  so 
released,  then  such  bond  shall  be  enforced  and  collected, 
and  the  proceeds  thereof,  or  the  money  deposited  in  lieu 
of  a  bond,  as  the  case  may  have  been,  shall  be  paid  into 
the  hands  of  the  Minister  of  Finance,  and  shall  form  part 
of  the  Consohdated  Kevenue  Fund  of  Canada ;  and  such 
person  may  be  taken  into  custody  forthwith  and  deported 
by  order  of  a  Board  of  Inquiry  or  officer  acting  as  such. 

MEDICAL  TREATMENT  OF  SICK  AND  DISABLED  PASSENGERS. 

Medical  treat-  34  j^  passenger  or  other  person  seeking  to  enter  Canada 
or  who  has  been  rejected  or  is  detained  for  any  purpose 
under  this  Act,  who  is  sufi'ering  from  sickness  or  physical 
or  mental  disability,  may  whenever  it  is  so  directed  by 
the  Superintendent  of  Immigration  or  officer  in  charge  be 
afforded  medical  treatmcQt  on  board  ship  or  in  an  immi- 
grant station,  or  may  be  removed  to  a  suitable  hospital 
for  treatment,  according  as  the  officer  in  charge  decides 
is  required  by  existing  circumstances  and  the  conditiori  of 
the  person's  health  as  reported  upon  by  the  examining 
medical  officer. 


ment 


THE    IMMIGEATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.                        Ill  j 

i 

(2)  If ,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Superintendent  of  Immiirra- ,  }yhentranspor- 

,■    ^    ^         '   n    .^  W-  -1  Si        i  4.    4.-  *  talion  companies 

tion,  or  or  the  oihcer  in  cliarge,  the  transportation  com-  liable  for  cost  of 

pany  which  brought  such  person  to  Canada  failed   to  "nent!'''    ^^^^^'  ^ 

exercise  proper  vigilance  or  care  in  so  doing,  then  the  cost  < 

of  his  hospital  treatment  and  medical  attention  and  main-  | 

teiiance  sliall  be  paid  by  such  transportation  company,  ! 
and  otherwise  the  cost  thereof  shall  be  collected  from  such 

person,  and  if  that  be  not  possible  then  the  cost  thereof  j 

shall  be  paid  by  the  Department  ot  the  Interior.  I 

(3)  The  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  or  officer  in  anufdeUnd^ent  I 
charge,  may,  whenever  it  is  considered  necessary  or  advis-  1 
able  for  the  proper  care  of  such  persons,  direct  that  a  , 
suitable  attendant,  or  someone  upon  whom  such  person  > 
is  dependent,  or  someone  who  is  dependent  upon  such  • 
person,  as  the  case  may  be,  shall  be  kept  with  such  person  \ 
during  his  medical  treatment  on  board  ship  or  at  an  immi-  ' 
grant  station  or  hospital,  or  in  case  of  deportation  from  i 
any  place  within  Canada  shall  accompany  such  person  to  j 
his  port  of  embarkation  from  Canada;  and  the  cost  thereof  i 
shall  be  paid  by  the  said  transportation  coinj^any  when-  \ 
ever  in  the  opinion  of  tlie  Superintendent  of  Immigration  ■ 
it  has  failed  to  exercise  proper  vigilance  or  care  as  afore-  ■ 
said,  and  otherwise  the  cost  thereof  shall  be  collected  from  , 
such  person,  and  if  that  be  not  possible  then  the  cost  ■ 
thereof  shall  be  paid  by  the  Department  of  the  Interior.  j 

35.  A  passenger  or  other  person  permitted  to  enter  j^^°spitei^j,rea^  , 
Canada  for  medical  treatment  under  this  Act  shall  not  be  stitute  landing.  , 
regarded  as  landed  within  the  meaning  of  this  Act.  j 

36.  The  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  under  the  ^^^/^P^f J?°|/°^  ! 
direction  or  with  the  apiiroval  of  the  Minister,  shall  pre-  persons  for  treat- 

M  1    J.'  11-1  11*  1  ment  at  Canadian 

scribe  regulations  whereby  sick  and  diseased  persons  may  sanitariums.  j 

enter  Canada  for  treatment  and  care  at  any  health  resort,  J 

hospital,  sanitarium,  asylum  or  other  place  or  institution            ^  | 

for  the  cure  or  care  of  such  persons.  j 

REGULATIONS     AS    TO     MONETARY    AND    OTHER    REQUIRE- 
MENTS   FROM    SPECIFIED    CLASSES    OF    IMMIGRANTS. 

37.  Regulations  made  bv  the  Governor  in  Council  under  ^IJ^^J^J,?:!}.}^ 

this  Act  may  provide  as  a  condition  to  permission  to  land  to   possess   pre-  ' 

in  Canada  "that  immigrants  shall  possess  in  their  own  money. ^™°'^'^° 

right  money  to  a  prescribed  minimum  amount,  which 

amount  may  vary  according  to  the  race,  occupation,  or  | 

destination  of  such  immigrant,  and  otherwise  according  j 

to   the  circumstances;   and   may   also   provide   that  all 

persons  coming  to  Canada  directly  or  indirectly  from  i 

countries  which  issue  passports  to  persons  leaving  such  j 

countries  shall  produce  such  passports  on  demand  of  the  i 

immigration  officer  in  charge   before  being  allowed   to  ] 

land  in  Canada. 

Explanatory  note. — This  is  section  20  of  the  present  Act,  amended  j 
by  inserting  the  words  "race"  and  "occupation"  instead  of  "claes.'' 

There  is  at  present  a  regulation  requiring  Asiatics  to  possess  the  mini-  ] 
mum  amount  of  two  hundred  dollars  before  entering  Canada,  and  this 

regulation  is  not  easily  justified  by  the  word  "class"  in  section  20  of  ; 


112  THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

the  present  Act.     A  similar  cash  guarantee  against  becoming  public 
charges  might  also  be  required  of  other  race-;  deemed  unsuitable  to 
the  climate  or  needs  of  Canada,  and  in  order  to  make  such  regulation 
valid  beyond  question  the  word  "race"  must  be  used.     Such  regula- 
tions apply  only  to  immigrants,  they  would  not  apply  to  nonimmigrant 
classes  of  the  race  named. 
Prohibition  ^of     33    fi^g,  Govemor  in  Council  may,  by  proclamation  or 
comingto  Canada  order  whenever  he  deems  it  necessary  or  expedient — 
fourney"""''"'"''      («)  Prohibit  the  landing  in  Canada  or  at  any  specified 
prptiiisition  ^f  pQj,^  Qf  entry  in  Canada  of  any  immigrant  who  has  come 
Ss  blougM  ^by  to  Canada  otherwise  than  by  continuous  journey  from 
Srto'confpTy  the  country  of  which  he  is  a  native  or  naturalized  citizen, 
with  provisions  of  a^j^(j  upoH  a  through  ticket  purchased  in  that  country. 

Explanatory  note. — This  is  the  order  in  council  of  May  27,  1908, 
amended  so  as  to  limit  the  restriction  therein,  whenever  considered 
expedient,  to  any  specified  port  of  entry  instead  of  to  the  whole  of 
Canada. 

(6)  Proliibit  the  landing  in  Canada  of  passengers 
brought  to  Canada  by  any  transportation  company 
which  refuses  or  neglects  to  comply  with  the  provisions 
of  this  Act. 

Explanatory  note. — It  has  more  than  once  happened  that  foreign 
transportation  companies,  with  no  connecting  links  or  property  in 
Canada,  have  refused  to  convey  back  rejected  pas:jengers.  The  way 
to  control  such  companies  is  to  refuse  their  passengers  permission  to 
land  in  Canada  at  the  ports  to  which  such  compani(;s  bring  them. 

Prohibition  of     (g)  Prohibit  for  a  stated  period,  or  permanently,  the 
Cfg^anlr ami  landing  in  Canada,  or  the  landing  at  any  specified  port  of 
ned%£  'P'"' entry  in  Canada,  of  immigrants  belonging  to  any  race 
deeme<l  unsuited  to  the  climate  or  requirements  of  Can- 
ada, or  of  immigrants  of  any  specifietl  class,  occupation, 
or  character. 

Explanatory  NOTE. —There  should  be  power  given  the  Government 
to  check,  in  extreme  cases,  any  sudden  influx  of  immigrants  whose 
habits  of  life  or  physical  or  moral  characteristics,  are  repugnant  to 
Canadian  ideals,  or  whose  entry  in  unexpected  large  numbers  would 
tend  to  lower  the  Canadian  standards  of  living,  or  would  have  an  unset- 
tling effect  upon  local  labour  markets.  Such  contingent  y  has  already 
occurred  at  ports  upon  the  Pacific  coast,  and  might  at  any  time  oc- 
cur at  the  Atlantic  ports.  Orders  in  Council  under  authority  of  the 
present  Act  were  passed  adopting  the  expedient  set  forth  in  paragraph 
(a)  of  this  section,  and  these  to  a  large  extent  met  the  necessities  of 
the  case  on  the  Pacific  coast  two  years  ago,  but  it  is  thought  desir- 
able that  more  complete  and  effective  powers  should  be  given  the  Gov- 
ernment to  meet  similar  situations  in  future. 

Dutyofcompa-     39.  When  any  immigrant  or  other  person  is  rejected  or 
S'ctld  '''?nm';i- ordered  to  be  deported  from  Canada,  and  such  person  has 
ffithorrftiv-en-i^ot  come  to  Canada  by  continuous  journey  from  the 
ship!^    °"  '''^°  country  of  which  he  is  a  native  or  naturalized  citizen,  but 
has   come   indirectly    through    another   country,    which 
refuses  to  allow  such  person  to  return  or  be  returned  to 
it,  then  the  transportation  company  bringing  such  person 
to  such  other  country  shall  deport   such  person   from 
Canada  to  the  country  of  wliich  he  is  a  native  or  natural- 
ized  citizen   whenever  so   directed   by   the  Minister  or 
Superintendent  of  Immigration  and  at  the  cost  of  such 
transportation  company,  and  in  case  of  neglect  or  refusal 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  113  ■ 

SO  to  do,  such  transportation   company   shall   be  guilty  . 

of  an  offence  against  this  Act,  and  shall  be  liable  to  a  i 

fine  of  not  more  than  five  hundred  dollars  and  not  less    Penalty.  j 

than  twenty  dollars  for  each  such  offence.  3 

I 

DEPORTATION    OF    PROHIBITED    AND    UNDESIRABLE 

CLASSES.  i 

! 

40.  AVlienever  any  person,  other  than  a  Canadian  citi-  to?e^*ZcomStat  j 
zen,  within  three  years  after  landing  in  Canada  has  been  to  Minister  re-  i 
convicted  of  a  criminal  offence  in  Canada,  or  has  become  Iwe  classes!  ^^"'  \ 
a  prostitute  or  an  inmate  of  a  house  of  ill-fame,  or  by  , 
common  repute  has  become  a  procurer  or  pimp  or  person  ! 
living  on  the  avails  of  prostitution,  or  has  become  a  pro-  j 
fessional  beggar  or  a  public  charge,  or  an  inmate  of  a 
penitentiary,  gaol,  reformatory,  prison,  hospital,  insane  j 
asylum  or  public  charitable  institution,  or  enters  or  re- 
mains in  Canada  contrary  to  any  provision  of  this  Act,  it  ' 
shall  be  the  duty  of  any  officer  cognizant  thereof,  and  the 

duty  of  the  clerk,  secretary  or  other  official  of  any  munic- 
ipality in  Canada  wherein  such  person  may  be,  to  forth-  : 
with  send  a  wTitten  complaint  thereof  to  the  Minister  or 
Superintendent  of  Immigration,  giving  full  particulars.                                      | 

41.  Wlienever  any  person  other  than  a  Canadian  citizen  to?e^*(l'c°m^atat  ' 
advocates  in  Canada  the  overthrow  by  force  or  violence  to  Minister  con-  ' 
of  the  government  of  Great  Britain  or  Canada,  or  other  ac™"^o^f  undesk" 
British  dominion,  colony,  possession,  or  dependency,  or '^^''^  *=i^^^- 

the  overthrow  by  force  or  violence  of  constituted  law  and 
authority,  or  the  assassination  of  any  official  of  the  Gov- 
ernment of  Great  Britain  or  Canada  or  other  British  ] 
dominion,  colony,  possession,  or  dependency,  or  of  any 
foreign  government,  or  shall  by  word  or  act  create  or 
attempt  to  create  riot  or  public  disorder  in  Canada,  or 
shall  by  common  repute  belong  to  or  be  suspected  of 
belonging  to  any  secret  society  or  organization  which 
extorts  money  fi'om,  or  in  any  way  attempts  to  control, 
any  resident  of  Canada  by  force  or  threat  of  bodily  harm,  ; 
or  by  blackmail;  such  person  for  the  purposes  of  this  Act 
shall  be  considered  and  classed  as  an  undesirable  immi- 
grant, and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  any  officer  becoming 
cognizant  thereof,  and  the  duty  of  the  clerk,  secretary,  or 
other  official  of  any  municipality  in  Canada  wherein  such 
person  may  be,  to  forthwith  send  a  written  complaint  | 
thereof  to  the  Minister  or  Superintendent  of  Immigration, 
giving  full  particulars. 

Explanatory  Note. — Section  2  of  the  United  States  Act  reads  in  ' 

part  as  follows:   "That  the  following  classes  of  aliens  shall  be  excluded  i 

from  admission  into  the  United  States;    *    *    *    persons  who  believe  | 

in  or  advocate  the  overthrow  by  force  or  violence  of  the  Government  1 

of  the  United  States,  or  of  all  government,  or  of  all  forms  of  law,  or  the 
assassination  of  public  officials."  This  part  of  the  United  States  sec- 
tion is  aimed  at  anarchists.  A  special  bureau  has  been  created  at  ' 
Washington  to  deal  with  anarchists.  But  the  secret  criminal  black- 
mailing organizations  introduced  by  foreigners  from  southern  Europe 
now  constitute  a  greater  menace  in  the  United  States  than  do  the                                      j 

35365— S.  Doc.  469,  61-2 8 


114  THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA. 

anarchists.  Of  these  the  Black  Hand  and  Mafia  organizations  are  the 
chief.  The  Che  Kung  Tong,  or  Order  of  Chinese  Highbinders,  is  a 
Bomewhat  similar  organization,  but  its  objects  are  partly  political. 
They  limit  their  criminal  practices,  however,  to  blackmailing  and 
killing  other  Chinese.  In  dealing  with  these  organizations,  our  police 
Bystem,  and  the  assumption  in  criminal  trials  of  the  innocence  of  the 
accused,  makes  it  difficult  to  secure  convictions.  Their  leaders,  both 
European  and  Chinese,  are  often  well  known  to  the  police,  but  they 
work  through  subordinate  accomplices  who  stand  in  fear  of  them, 
and  are  very  clever  in  avoiding  any  direct  incriminating  evidence 
against  themselves.  With  the  exception  of  the  Che  Kung  Tong  these 
organizations  have  not  yet  been  very  active  in  Canada,  but  with  the 
increase  of  immigration  from  southern  Europe  it  is  inevitable  that 
they  will  become  as  great  an  evil  in  Canada  as  in  the  United  States 
unless  the  necessary  power  is  given  to  root  them  out  whenever  they 
appear,  as  provided  for  in  the  next  section. 

Investigation  of     42.  Upon  receiving  a  complaint  from  any  officer,  or 
cera?ng°undesS-from  any  clcrk  or  secretary  or  otlier  official  of  a  munici- 
abie  classes.        pality,  whether  directly  or  through  the  Superintendent  of 
Immigration,  against  any  person  alleged  to  belong  to  any 
prohibited  or  undesirable  class,  the  Minister  may  order 
such  person  to  be  taken  into  custody  and  detained  at  an 
immigrant  station  for  examination  and  an  investigation 
of  the  facts  alleged  in  the  said  complaint  to  be  made  by  a 
Board  of  Inquiry  or  by  an  officer  acting  as  such.     Such 
Board  of  Inquiry  or  officer  shall  have  the  same  powers  and 
privileges,  and  shall  follow  the  same  procedure,  as  if  the 
person  against  whom  complaint  is  made  were  being  exam- 
med  before  landing  as  provided  in  section  33  of  this  Act; 
and  similarly  the  person  against  whom  complaint  is  made 
shall  have  the  same  rights  and  privileges  as  he  would  have 
if  seeking  to  land  in  Canada. 
Deportation  In      (2)  If  upou  investigation  of  the  facts  such  Board  of 
such  cases.         Inquiry  or  examining  officer  is  satisfied  that  such  person 
belongs  to  any  of  the  undesirable  classes  mentioned  in 
section  41  of  this  Act,  such  person  shall  be  deported  forth- 
with, as  provided  for  in  section  33  of  this  Act,  subject, 
however,  to  such  right  of  appeal  as  he  may  have  to  the 
Minister. 
Order  to  leave      (3)  The  Govcmor  in  Council  may,  at  any  time,  order  any 
^^"^"^^  such  person  found  by  a  Board  of  Incfuiry  or  examining 

officer  to  belong  to  any  of  the  undesirable  or  prohibited 
classes  referred  to  in  sections  40,  41,  and  42  of  this  Act  to 
leave  Canada  within  a  specified  period.  wSuch  order  may 
be  in  the  form  D  in  the  schedule  to  this  Act,  and  shall  be 
in  force  as  soon  as  it  is  served  upon  such  person,  or  is  left 
for  him  by  any  officer  at  the  last  known  place  of  abode  or 
address  of  such  person. 

Explanatory  note.— Just  as  under  section  3  of  this  Bill  power  is 
given  the  Government  to  permit  any  person  to  enter  Canada,  so,  on 
the  other  hand,  it  is  thought  that  there  should  be  an  ultimate  power 
given  the  Government  to  order  undesirable  immigrants,  such  as  are 
contemplated  in  section  41,  to  leave  Canada  and  not  return  without 
permission.  At  the  same  time  it  would  relieve  the  immigration  offi- 
cers from  the  difficulty  of  returning  such  persons  to  the  country  from 
which  they  came,  and  which  might  refuse  to  take  them  back.  The 
burden  of  deportation  would  be  shifted  upon  the  offenders  themselves. 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  115 

(4)  Any  person  rejected  or  deported  under  this  Act  who  jeered orae^m-ted 
enters  or  remains  in  or  returns  to  Canada  after  such  rejec-  person  remaining 
tion  or  deportation  without  a  permit  under  this  Act  or  canada!^*^^"^"'"^ 
other  Ia\\'ful  excuse,  or  who  refuses  or  neglects  to  leave 

Canada  when  ordered  so  to  do  by  the  Governor  in  Council 
as  provided  for  in  this  section,  shall  be  guilty  of  an  offence 
against  this  Act,  and  may  forthwith  be  arrested  by  any 
officer  and  be  deported  on  an  order  from  the  Minister  or 
the  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  or  may  be  prosacuted 
for  such  offence,  and  shall  be  liable,  on  conviction,  to  two 
years  imprisonment,  and  immediately  after  expiry  of  any 
sentence  imposed  for  such  offence,  ma}^  be  again  deported 
or  ordered  to  leave  Canada  under  this  section. 

(5)  In  anycase  where  deportationof  the  head  of  a  family  j^^^eportation  of 
is  ordered,  all  dependent  members  of  the  family  may  be 
deported  at  the  same  time.     And  in  any  case  where  de- 
portation of  a  dependent  member  of  a  family  is  ordered 

on  account  of  having  become  a  public  charge,  and  in  the 
opinion  of  the  Minister  such  circumstance  is  due  to  wilful 
neglect  or  nonsupport  by  the  head  or  other  members  of 
the  family  morally  bound  to  support  such  dependent  ^g^|P°^^a^tira^f 
members,  then  all  members  of  the  famih^  may  be  deported  berof  famuy. 
at  the  same  time.  Such  deportation  shall  be  at  the  cost 
of  the  persons  so  deported;  and  if  that  be  not  possible  then 
the  cost  of  such  deportation  shall  be  paid  by  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Interior. 

43.  When  anv  person  has,  within  three  years  of  landing    Detention    of 

,        ^-^  11*'  •  I  I*  *  J.       J.*  I    CGrtsiQ    prisoners 

m  Canada,  become  an  mmate  or  a  penitentiary,  gaol,  for  deportation, 
reformator}',  or  prison,  the  Minister  of  Justice  may,  upon 
the  request  of  the  Minister  of  the  Interior,  issue  an  order 
to  the  warden  or  governor  of  such  penitentiary,  gaol,  re- 
formatory, or  prison,  which  order  ma}^  be  in  the  form  E 
in  the  schedule  to  this  Act,  commanding  him  after  the 
sentence  or  term  of  imprisonment  of  such  person  has 
expired  to  detain  such  person  for,  and  deliver  him  to,  the 
officer  named  in  the  warrant  issued  by  the  Superintendent 
of  Immigration,  which  warrant  may  be  in  the  form  EE 
in  the  schedule  to  this  Act,  with  a  view  to  the  deportation 
of  such  person. 

(2)  Such  order  of  the  Minister  of  Justice  shall  be  suffi-  ter^of fusti^'and 
cient  authority  to  the  warden  or  governor  of  the  peni- warrantor  super- 
tentiary,  gaol,  reformatory,  or  prison,  as  the  case  may  be,  m[|r°atio°n.°'  ^™' 
to  detain  and  deliver  such  person  to  the  officer  named  in 
the  warrant  of  the  Superintendent  of   Immigration   as 
aforesaid,  and  such  warden  or  governor  shall  obey  such 
order,  and  such  warrant  of  the  Superintendent  of  Immi- 
gration shall  be  sufficient  authority  to  the  officer  named 
therein  to  detain  such  person  in  his  custody,  or  in  custody 
at  any  immigrant  station,  until  such  person  is  delivered 
to  the  authorized  agent  of  the  transportation  company 


116  THE   IMMIGEATION    SITUATION   IN   CANADA. 

which  brought  such  person  into  Canada,  with  a  view  to 
deportation  as  herein  provided. 

Explanatory  note. — The  preceding  section  is  remodelled  from 
section  33  of  the  present  Act,  the  two  main  differences  being  that  a 
prisoner  may  not  be  taken  from  prison  for  deportation  before  expiry 
of  his  sentence;  and  after  expiry  of  his  sentence  he  may  be  detained 
by  the  gaoler  to  be  delivered  to  an  immigration  officer  for  deportation, 
when  such  has  been  ordered. 

OBLIGATIONS    OF    TRANSPORTATION    COMPANIES    IN    CASES 
OF   REJECTION    AND    DEPORTATION. 

ie^ted°  ^mmt     ^^-  Every  immigrant,  passenger,  stowaway,  or  other 
grants.  pci'soii  brought  to  Canada  by  a  transportation  company 

and  rejected  by  the  Board  of  Inquiry  or  officer  in  charge 
shall,  if  practicable,  be  sent  back  to  the  place  whence  he 
came  on  the  vessel,  railway  train,  or  other  vehicle  by 
which  he  was  brought  to  Canada.     The  cost  of  his  main- 
tenance, while  being  detained  at  any  immigrant  station 
after  having  been  rejected,  as  well  as  the  cost  of  his  return, 
shall  be  paid  by  such  transportation  company. 
(2)  If  any  such  transportation  company — 
cei^e^on^boa?(i '^^"      (*^^  Rcfuscs  to  rcceive  aiiy  such  person  back  on  board 
of  such  vessel,  railway  train,  or  other  vehicle,  or  on  board 
of  any  other  vessel,  railway  train,  or  other  vehicle  owned 
or  operated  by  the  same  transportation  company,  when 
so  directed  by  the  officer  in  charge ;  or, 
tain^""'^^  ^°  ''"^       ^^)  Fails  to  detain  any  such  person  thereon;  or, 

Failure  to  re-      (c)  Refuscs  or  fails  to  rctum  him  to  the  place  whence 
'"™  he  came  to  Canada;  or, 

cost^' or  nminte-      (^^)  Refuses  or  fails  to  pay  the  cost  of  his  maintenance 
nance.  wlule  on  land  awaiting  deportation;  or, 

po^twi^pereon  for      (^')  Makcs  any  charge  against  any  such  person  for  his 
maintenauco.      maintenance  while  on  land,  or  for  his  return  to  the  port 
of  embarkation,  or  takes  any  security  from  any  such  per- 
son for  the  ])ayinent  of  such  charge — 
Penalty.  Sucli  master,  agent,  owner,  or  transportation  company 

concerned  shall  be  guilty  of  an  offence  against  this  Act, 
and  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  of  not  more  than  five  hundred 
dollars  and  not  less  than  fifty  dollars  for  each  offence; 
and  no  such  vessel  shall  have  clearance  from  any  port  of 
Canada  until  such  fine  is  paid. 
ve?serof^pi°r"Ji'is     ^^-  Evciy  pci'son  Ordered  to  be  deported  under  this  Act 
who  have  beeiiwlio  lias  been  brought  to  Canada  by  ship,  shall  be  recon- 
lande  in  Canada,  ^g^,^^^  j^,^^  ^^  cliarge  by  the  Same  transportation  company 

which  brought  him  to  Canada,  from  the  place  in  Canada 
where  he  is  being  detained  or  held  for  deportation  to  the 
port  of  embarkation  whence  he  came  to  Canada,  and  in 
the  same  manner  as  to  passage  accommodation  by  which 
he  was  brought  to  Canada;  and  similarly  every  such 
person  brought  to  Canada  by  a  railway  train  or  other 
vehicle  shall,  subject  to  the  regulations  under  sections  31 
jj^po'^t^tion  by  and  32  of  this  Act,  be  reconveyed  free  of  charge  by  the 
transportation  company  which  carried  him  to  the  place 


THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  117 

in  Canada  where  he  is  rejected  or  where  he  is  being  de- 
tained for  deportation  to  the  place  in  the  country  whence 
he  was  brought  or  to  the  countr}'  of  his  birth  or  citizen- 
ship. 

46.  Every  transportation  company  which  refuses  or  tr^an°spo*rLtJn 
neo-lects  to  comply  with  the  order  of  the  Minister  or  Super-  company  refusing 
intendent  of  Immigration  or  Board  of  Inquiry  or  officer  o°deredTo "b"d^ 
acting  as  such  to  take  on  board,  guard  safely,  and  return  p^''^'^^- 

to  the  country  whence  he  came,  or  to  the  country  of  his 
birth  or  citizenship,  any  passenger  or  other  person 
brought  to  Canada  by  such  transportation  company  and 
ordered  to  be  deported  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act 
shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  of  not  more  than  five  hundred 
dollars  and  not  less  than  fifty  dollars  in  each  case. 

47.  The  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  under  the  pRpepiiatbns  for 
direction  or  with  the  consent  of  the  Minister,  shall  pre- of  persoAs  de- 
scribe regulations  for  the  proper  detention  and  treatment  p^""^^*^- 

on  board  ship  or  railway  train  or  other  vehicle,  of  all  per- 
sons who  have  been  ordered  to  be  deported  under  this 
Act,  both  while  awaiting  and  during  deportation. 

48.  Every  transportation  company  which,  tlirough  the  tran^p^omtion 
connivance  or  negligence  of  any  of  its  officials  or  6™"  t°™^'*ca^  f o™er' 
ployees,  permits  the  escape  of  any  person  delivered  into  son^ordered°t(?"e 
the  custod}'  of  such  transportation  company  by  any  offi-  deponed. 

cer  for  deportation  under  this  Act  shall,  on  conviction,  be 
punished  by  a  fine  of  not  more  than  five  hundred  dollars 
and  not  less  than  fifty  dollars  for  each  offence. 

(2)  In  the  event  of  such  person  escaping  from  the  cus-  jm^j^atfon  "oIh^- 
tody  of  a  transportation  company,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  car   when   such 
the  master  of  the  vessel,  conductor  of  the  train,  dock- p'^'^^""  ^^''^p^- 
master,  special  constable  or  other  official  or  employee  of 
the  transportation  company  in  whose  custody  such  person 
then  was,  to  immediately  report  such  escape  to  the  nearest 
available   immigration  officer;   and  it  shall  also  be  the 
duty  of  the  said  company  forthwith  to  report  such  escape  , 

to  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  and  such  report 
shall  state  when  and  from  whom  such  person  was  re- 
ceived, and  the  time  and  mode  of  escape.  Failure  on  the 
part  of  such  master,  conductor,  or  other  official  to  so 
report  to  the  nearest  available  immigration  officer  shall 
render  him  liable  to  a  penalty  of  not  more  than  twenty 
dollars  and  not  less  than  ten  dollars  for  each  offence,  and 
failure  on  the  part  of  the  transportation  company  to  so 
report  to  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration  shall  render 
such  company  liable  to  a  fine  of  not  more  than  one  hun- 
dred dollars  and  not  less  than  twenty  dollars  for  each 
offence. 

OBLIGATIONS    OF   MASTERS    OF    VESSELS    AND    PILOTS. 

49.  The  master  of  every  vessel  arriving  at  any  port  of    Manif^t^  to^be 
entry  in  Canada  shall  forthwith  after  such  arrival,  and  teV W  immigra- 
before  any  entry  of  such  vessel  is  allowed,  deliver  to  the  tio°  o^cer. 
immigration  officer  in  charge  a  manifest  in  the  form  pre- 
scribed by  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  of  all  the 


118  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

passengers  and  stowaways  on  board  such  vessel  at  the 

time  of  her  departure  from  the  port  or  phice  whence  she 

last  cleared  or  sailed  for  Canada,  or  who  were  on  board 

such  vessel  at  the  time  of  her  arrival  in  Canada,  or  at 

any  time  during  her  voyage;  and  such  manifest  shall 

also  state  the  name  and  apparent  age  of  all  passengers 

on  board  of  such  vessel  on  such  voyage  who  are  insane, 

idiotic,  epileptic,  dumb,  blind,  or  infirm,  or  sufl^ering  from 

any  disease  or  injury  or  physical  defect  which  may  be 

cause  for  rejection  under  this  Act,  and  whether  or  not 

they  are  accompanied  by  relatives  able  to  support  them. 

Entry  as  to  pas-      (2)  Sucli  manifest  shall  further  state  if  any  birth  has 

been"orno°r have  taken  placc  duriug  the  voyagc,  and  shall  state  the  name, 

died  during  voy-  ^^^  ^^^^^  j^^g^  placc  of  residence  of  any  person  who  has 

died  during  the  voyage,  and  shall  specify  the  cause  of 

death   and  whether  such  person  was  accompanied  by 

relatives    or    other   persons   who    are    entitled    to    take 

charge  of  the  moneys  and  eft'ects  left  by  such  person 

and  the  disposition  made  thereof. 

Disposal  of      (3)  If  there  were  no  such  relatives  or  other  persons  so 

ceTse*^^  passen- entitled  the  manifest  shall  fully  designate  the  quantity 

s^''^-  and    description    of    the    property,    whether   money    or 

otherwise,  left  by  such  jierson;  and  the  master  of  the 

vessel  shall  pay  over  to  the  immigration  officer  in  charge 

at  the  port  at  which  the  vessel  is  entered,   and  fully 

account  for,   all  moneys  and  effects  belonging  to  any 

Receipt  for  persou  wlio  lias  died  on  the  voyage.     The  officer  in  charge 

mi°J^ation office™' shall   thereu])on  give   to   the   master   a   receipt   for   all 

moneys  or  effects  so  placed  in  his  hands  by  the  master, 

which   recei])t   shah   contain   a    full    description   of   the 

natui'c  or  amount  thereof. 

Failure  to  de-      (4)  If  tlic  mastcr  of  sucli  vcsscl  fails — 

plrtiai"' o™''foTse      («)  To  deliver  such  manifest  required  by  this  section; 

manifest.  qj. 

(b)  Wilfully   or    negligently  fails  to  state   therein   all 
the  particulars  of  information  required  by  this  section;  or, 

(c)  Wilfully  or  negligently  makes  any  false  statement 
in  such  manifest — 

Penalty.  He  shall  be  guilty  of  an  offence  against  this  Act  and 

shall   be   liable   to   a  fine   not   exceeding   one   hundred 
dollars  and  not  less  than  twenty  dollars  for  every  person 
with  regard  to  whom  any  such  omission  occurs  or  any 
such  false  statement  is  made. 
fes?°oTldditiom!i     ^^-  "^^^^   master   of   any   vessel   sailing   from    a   port 
passengers.         outsidc   of  Canada  who  embarks  passengers  after  the 
vessel  has  been  cleared  and  examined   by  the  proper 
officer  at  the  port  of  departure,  and  who  docs  not  report 
such  additional  passengers  in  the  manifest  required  to 
be  delivered  under  this  Act  to  the  immigration  officer  in 
Penalty.  charge  at  the  port  of  entry,  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  of 

not  more  than  one  hundred  dollars  and  not  less  than 
twenty  dollars  for  each  passenger  so  embarked  as  afore- 
said and  not  included  in  one  of  the  said  manifests. 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN    CANADA. 


119 


Proviso. 


51.  The  master  of  every  vessel  embarking  outbound    Manifest  of  out- 
passengers   from   any   seaport   of   Canada   shall,   before ge*^."     P^ssen- 
clearance  has  been  given  for  such  vessel,  deliver  to  the 
immigration  officer  in  charge  a  manifest  in  form  pre- 
scribed  by   the   regulations  in   that   behalf  giving   the 

names  of  all  such  passengers  on  board  such  vessel,  or 
booked  to  sail  by  such  vessel,  and  stating  in  every  case 
whether  they  are  British  subjects  or  aliens,  and  their 
sex,  nationality,  and  port  of  destination. 

(2)  If  the  master  of  any  vessel  refuses  or  omits  to  Penalty, 
deliver  such  manifest  of  outbound  passengers  he  shall 
incur  a  penalty  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars  and 
not  less  than  twenty  dollars  for  every  passenger  with 
regard  to  whom  he  has  refused  or  wilfully  neglected  to 
give  the  required  information,  and  clearance  of  such 
vessel  may  be  refused  until  such  manifest  has  been  de- 
livered to  the  immigration  officer  in  charge:  Provided, 
however,  That  the  master  of  an}^  vessel  plying  between 
seaports  of  Canada  and  adjacent  or  neighbouring  seaports 
in  Newfoundland  or  the  United  States  may,  by  written 
permission  of  the  Minister  or  Superintendent  of  Immigra- 
tion given  to  such  master  or  to  the  transportation  com- 
pany of  which  he  is  an  employee,  be  exempted  from  the 
requirements  of  this  section. 

Explanatory  note. — This  is  to  enable  the  immigration  officers  to 
keep  a  check  upon  emigration  from,  as  well  as  immigration  into, 
Canada,  and  is  desirable  for  many  reasons.  Money  is  being  spent, 
for  instance,  to  induce  desirable  immigration  from  Great  Britain,  both 
directly  by  the  Immigration  Department  and  indirectly  by  the  Salva- 
tion Army  and  similar  agencies.  At  present  there  is  no  way  of  accu- 
rately determining  how  many  immigrants  thus  brought  to  Canada 
subsequently  return  to  Great  Britain.  This  provision  will  also  be 
useful  in  noting  the  coming  and  going  of  Asiatic  immigrants.  The 
information  required  under  this  section  can  easily  be  given  by  every 
passenger  on  purchasing  his  ticket,  being  limited  to  questions  of 
nationality,  sex,  and  port  of  destination. 

52.  If  the  master  of  any  vessel  arriving  at  any  port    Master  permit- 

„         ,  .       ^  ,  -I  J.      1  J.U     tmg  passengers  to 

of  entry  m  Canada  permits  any  passenger  to  leave  the  land  before  deiiv- 
vessel  before  he  has  delivered  to  the  immigration  officer  ""^^  ™^"^^*- 
in  charge  a  correct  manifest  in  the  form  prescribed  by 
the  regulations  in  that  behalf,  and  received  permission 
from  the  officer  in  charge  to  allow  the  passengers  to  land, 
he  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  of  not  more  than  one  hundred    Penalty. 
dollars  and  not  less  than  twenty  dollars  for  every  pas- 
senger so  leaving  the  vessel. 

(2)  If  the  master  of  any  vessel  arriving  at  any  port  of  ^^    

entry  in  Canada  fails  to  produce  or  satisfactorily  account  passengers 
for  every  passenger  whose  name  appears  on  the  manifest, 
when  required  so  to  do  by  the  immigration  officer  in 
charge  of  the  port  of  entry  to  which  such  passenger  is 
manifested,  such  master  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  of  not  Penalty, 
more  than  one  hundred  dollars  and  not  less  than  twenty 
doUars  in  the  case  of  each  such  passenger. 


Master     failing 
account     for 


120  THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

Master  permit-      (3-)  jf  the  master  of  aiiv  vessel  arriving  at  any  port  of 

ting  stowaway  to         "-    ''      .         „  ,  .    -^  ^1^,1 

land  without  per- entry  m  Canada   permits   any  stowaway   to   leave   the 

S*charge°' "'^^''"'^  "^6ssel  without  permission  of  the  immigration  officer  in 

charge,  or  through  neghgence  permits  such  stowaway  to 

escape  from  the  vessel  before  the  immigration  officer  in 

charge  has  given  permission  for  such  stowaway  to  be 

landed,  or  after  such  stowaway  has  been  ordered  to  be 

deported,  or  in  the  event  of  such  escape  fails  to  report 

it  forthwith  to  the  immigration  officer  in  charge,  he  shall 

Penalty.  he  liable  to  a  fine  of  not  more  than  one  hundred  dollars 

and  not  less  than  twent}^  dollars  for  every  stowaway  so 

leaving  or  escaping  from  the  vessel. 

Master  discharg-      ^4)  jf  t|-^g  master  of  any  vcsscl  arriving  at  any  port  of 

ing  crew  without       \    '    •       r^  j         ill  ce  ri  u 

examination.       entry  111  Canada  shall  pay  on  or  discharge  any  member 
of  the  crew  of  such  vessel  without  such  member  having 
first  been  examined  by  an  immigration  officer,  as  required 
under  section  33  of  this  Act,  he  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  of 
Penalty.  not  more  than  one  hunth-ed  dollars  and  not  less  than 

twenty  dollars  for  every  member  of  the  crew  so  paid 
off  or  discharged. 
Master  jamng      ^5)  Jf  the  master  of  any  vessel  arriving  at  any  port  of 
desertion.  entry  in  Canada  fails  to  report  to  the  immigration  officer 

in  charge  every  case  of  desertion  from  the  crew  of  such 
vessel  occurring  at  such  port  so  soon  as  such  desertion 
is  discovered,  or  shall  refuse  or  neglect  to  describe  the 
deserter  for  purposes  of  identification  whenever  required 
Penalty.  by  sucli  officer  he  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  of  not  more 

than  one  hundred  dollars  and  not  less  than  twenty  dollars 
in  the  case  of  each  such  deserter. 
iea^ve^Teslei™be^-    '  53.  Nothing  ill  tliis  Act  shall  prevent  the  master  of  any 
^"7t  of "destina- ^^^^^^  fi'om  permitting  any  passenger  to  leave  the  vessel 
tion.  outside  of  Canada  at  the  request  of  such  passenger  before 

the  arrival  of  the  vessel  at  her  final  port  of  destination; 
but  in  every  such  case  the  name  of  the  passenger  so 
leaving  shall  be  entered  in  the  manifest  of  passengers 
made  out  at  the  time  of  the  clearing  of  the  vessel  from  the 
port  of  departure  or  at  the  port  at  which  such  passenger 
was  embarked. 
ingtohifo°rm'im-     ^^-  Evcry   pilot  wlio  lias  had   charge   of   any  vessel 
migration  officer  having  passcugcrs  ou  board,  and  knows  that  any  passen- 
ing^of  p^ssenger*^"  ger  or  stowaway  has  been  permitted  to  leave  the  vessel 
contrary  to  the  provisions  of  this  Act,  and  who  does  not 
immediately  upon  the  arrival  of  such  vessel  in  the  port 
to  which  he  engaged  to  pilot  her,  and  before  the  immi- 
gration officer  in  charge  has  given  permission  to  the  pas- 
sengers to  leave  the  vessel,  inform  the  said  officer  that 
such  passenger  or  stowaway  has  been  so  permitted  to 
Penalty.  leave  the  vessel,  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  of  not  more  than 

one  hundred  dollars  and  not  less  than  ten  dollars  for 
every  passenger  with  regard  to  whom  he  has  wilfully 
neglected  to  give  such  information. 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  121 

PROTECTION    OF  IMMIGRANTS. 

55.  Every  person  who  causes  or  procures  the  publica-  taUon^to'^t/etef  or 
tion  or  circulation,  by  advertisement  or  otherwise,  in  a  induce  immigra- 
country  outside  of  Canada,  of  false  representations  as*^'""' 

to  the  opportunities  for  employment  in  Canada,  or  as  to 
the  state  of  the  labour  market  in  Canada,  intended  or 
adapted  to  encourao;e  or  induce,  or  to  deter  or  prevent, 
the  immigration  into  Canada  of  persons  resident  in  such 
outside  country,  or  who  does  anything  in  Canada  for  the 
purpose  of  causing  or  procuring  the  communication  to 
any  resident  of  such  country  of  any  such  representations 
which  are  thereafter  so  published,  circulated  or  commu- 
nicated, shall  be  guilty  of  an  offence  against  this  Act,  and 
liable  on  summar}'  conviction  before  two  justices  of  the 
peace,  to  a  fine  of  not  more  than  five  hundred  dollars,  Penalty. 
or  to  imprisonment  for  a  term  not  exceeding  six  months, 
or  to  both  fuie  and  imprisonment. 

56.  If,  during  the  voyage  of  any  vessel  carrying  immi-    violation  of  for- 
grants  from  any  port  outside  of  Canada  to  any  port  in  f^fdlftTes  ofms^- 
Canada,  the  master  or  any  of  the  crew  is  guilty  of  any  ter  or  crew, 
violation  of  any  law  in  force  in  the  country  in  which  such 

foreign  port  is  situate,  regarding  the  duties  of  such  master 
or  crew  towards  the  immigrants  in  such  vessel,  or  if  the 
master  of  any  such  vessel  during  such  voyage  commits 
any  breach  whatsoever  of  the  contract  for  the  passage 
made  with  any  immigrant  by  such  master,  or  by  the    Breach  of  con- 
owners  of  such  vessel,  such  master  or  such  one  of  theggr^*^^'*^^^^*"' 
crew  shall,  for  every  such  violation  or  breach  of  contract, 
be  liable  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars  and    Penalty. 
not  less  than  twenty  dollars,  independently  of  any  remedy 
which  such  immigrants  complaining  may  otherwise  have. 

57.  No  officer,  seaman  or  other  person  on  board  of  a.  ^^}^^^°^J^ yju 

...  ;  .  /^       ^    1  1      11  1-1  1    tween   crew    and 

vessel  bringing  immigrants  to  Canada  shall,  while  such  female    immi- 
vessel  is  in  Canadian  waters,  entice  or  admit  an}^  female  ^'^"'^ 
immigrant  into  his  apartment,  or,  except  by  the  direction 
or  permission  of  the  master  of  such  vessel,  first  given 
for  such  purpose,  visit  or  frequent  any  part  of  such  vessel 
assigned  to  female  passengers. 

(2)  Every  officer,  seaman  or  other  man  employed  on    Penalty  for  in- 

1  1       !•       ^  II-        •  •  •  ±      ±       /^  ^  1        tercourse  between 

board  or  a  vessel  bringing  immigrants  to  Canada,  who,  crew  and  female 
while  such  vessel  is  in  Canadian  waters,  entices  or  admits  ™™'^'^°^^- 
any  female  immigrant  into  his  apartment  or,  except  by 
the  direction  or  permission  of  the  master  of  such  vessel 
first  given,  visits  or  frequents  any  part  of  such  vessel 
assigned  to  female  passengers,  shall  be  guilty  of  an 
offence  against  this  Act  and  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  not 
exceeding  twenty -five  dollars  for  every  such  offence, 

(3)  Every  master  of  a  vessel  who,  while  such  vessel  is    Penalty  for  per- 

r^  }•  ^  1  •         A  -J.  £C  mittmg   crew    to 

in  Canadian  waters,  directs  or  permits  any  orncer  or  sea- visit  parts  of  ves- 
man,  or  other  man  employed  on  board  of  such  vessel  to  ^^i^j^^a^Jg; 
visit  or  fre(^uent  any  part  of  such  vessel   assigned   to 
female  immigrants,  except  for  the  purpose  of  doing  or 
performing  some  necessary  act  or  duty,  shall  be  guilty 


122  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION   IN    CANADA. 

of  an  offence  against  this  Act  and  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine 
not  exceeding  twenty-five  dollars  for  every  such  offence. 
Notices  to  be      68.  The  master  of  every  vessel  bringing  immigrants  to 
hitercou^se'^'^be^- Canada  from  Europe  shall,  at  all  times  while  the  vessel 
^Ints'^aM  ™heis  in  Canadian  waters,  keep  posted,  in  a  conspicuous 
crew.^  place  on  the  forecastle  and  in  the  parts  of  the  steerage 

of  the  said  vessel  assigned  to  steerage  passengers,  a 
written  or  printed  notice  in  the  English,  French,  Swedish, 
Danish,  German,  Russian  and  Yiddish  languages,  and 
such  other  languages  as  are  ordered  from  time  to  time 
by  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  containing  the 
provisions  of  this  Act  regarding  the  prevention  of  inter- 
course between  the  crew  and  the  immigrants  and  the 
penalties  for  the  contravention  thereof,  and  shall  keep 
such  notice  so  posted  during  the  remainder  of  the  voyage. 
Penalty.  (2)  Every  master  of  a  vessel  bringing  immigrants  to 

Canada  from  Europe  who  neglects  to  post,  and  keep 
posted,  the  notice  required  by  this  Act  to  be  posted  re- 
garding the  prevention  of  intercourse  between  the  crew 
and  the  immigrants  and  the  penalties  for  contravention 
thereof,  as  required  by  tliis  Act,  shall  be  guilty  of  an 
offence  against  this  Act  and  shall  be  liable  to  a  line  not 
exceeding  one  hundred  dollars  for  every  such  offence. 
Inspection     of      ('3)  'p^jg  immigration  ofHcer  in  charge  shall  inspect  every 

notices  by  officer        V,'  ,  ^  .ic  -i  r  i-  -iU 

in  ctiarge.  such  vcsscl  upon  amval  tor  evidence  or  compliance  with 

this  section,  and  shall  institute  proceedings  tor  any  pen- 
alty incurred  for  violation  thereof. 
Proportionate     59    jf  ^^^y  vessel  from  auv  port  or  place  outside  of 

number    of    pas-  ^  ,  ^  -.i-        ,1         i-'-J  £    r^  1        1  •  „ 

senders  to  area  of  Canada  comcs  witliiu  the  limits  ot  Canada  having  on 
'^^'''''"  board,  or  having  had  on  board,  at  any  time  during  her 

voyage — 

(a)  Any  greater  number  of  passengers  than  one  adult 
passenger  for  every  fifteen  clear  superficial  feet  on  each 
deck  of  such  vessel  appropriated  to  the  use  of  such  pas- 
sengers, and  unoccupied  by  stores  or  other  goods  not 
being  the  personal  luggage  of  such  passengers;  or, 

(b)  A  greater  number  of  persons,  including  the  master 
and  crew  and  the  cabin  passengers,  if  any,  than  one  for 
every  two  tons  of  the  tonnage  of  such  vessel,  calculated  in 
the  manner  used  for  ascertaining  the  tonnage  of  British 
ships — 

Penalty.  The  master  of  such  vessel  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  not 

exceeding  twenty  dollars,  and  not  less  than  ten  dollars 

for  each  passenger  or  person  constituting  such  excess. 

"Adult"  de-      (2)  For  the  purpose  of  this  section,  each  person  of  or 

^^^'  above  the  age  of  fourteen  years  shall  be  deemed  an  adult, 

and  two  persons  above  the  age  of  one  year  and  under  the 

age  of  fourteen  years  shall  be  reckoned  and  taken  as  one 

adult. 

Sale  of  intoxi-     (3)  If  there  shall  be  a  bar  or  other  place  for  the  sale  of 

stelr^e'^^P^sen- intoxicating  hquors  on  any  such  vessel  in  the  quarter 

^®'"®-  assigned   to   third-class  and  steerage  passengers,   or  to 

which  third-class  or  steerage  passengers  are  permitted  to 

have  access  at  any  time  during  the  voyage  of  such  vessel 


THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  123 

to  Canada,  the  master  of  such  vessel  shall  be  guilty  of  an 
offence  against  this  Act  and  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  not  Penalty, 
exceeding  five  hundred  dollars  and  not  less  than  fifty 
dollars;  and  any  officer  or  member  of  the  crew  of  such 
vessel  who  sells  or  gives  intoxicating  liquor  to  any  third- 
class  or  steerage  passenger,  during  the  voyage  of  such 
vessel  to  Canada,  without  the  consent  of  the  rnaster  or 
ship  surgeon  or  other  qualified  medical  practitioner  on 
board  thereof,  shall  be  guilty  of  an  offence  against  this 
Act  and  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  fifty  dollars 
and  not  less  than  ten  dollars  for  every  such  offence. 

60.  Every  immiOTant  on  any  vessel  arriving  at  a  port    Right  of  immi- 

„  ••         1  •    ,        1  ■■  J  i!  1  1  grants  to  remain 

of  entry  to  which  the  owner  or  master  or  such  vessel  on  board  vessel 
engaged  to  convey  him,  if  facilities  for  housing  or  inland  a'arrS'^lvau- 
carriage  for  such  immigrant  are  not  immediately  available,  able. 
shall  be  entitled  to  remain  and  keep  his  luggage  on  board 
such  vessel  for  a  period  of  twenty-four  hours  or  until 
such  facilities  are  available,  whichever  shall   first  occur, 
and  the  master  of  such  vessel  shall  not,  until  such  time, 
remove  any  berths  or  accommodation  used  by  such  immi- 
grant. 

61.  Passengers  and  their  luggage  shall  be  landed  froni  ,andfcf°feTo^f°ext 
any  ship  by  the  master  thereof  free  of  expense  to  the  said  pense. 
passengers,  and  such  landing  shall  be  either  at  a  usual 

public  landing  place  at  the  port  of  entry  or  at  such  other 
place  as  is  designated  by  the  officer  in  charge. 

62.  The  Minister  or  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration  ^^tdFnTv^^^''^ 
may,  from  time  to  time,  by  instructions  to  the  immigra- 
tion officer  in  charge,  appoint  the  places  at  which  pas- 
sengers arriving  at  such  port  shall  be  landed. 

63.  At  the  places  so  appointed  the  Minister  or  Superin- ^shelter  for  im- 
tendent  of  Immigration  may  cause  proper  shelter  and 
accommodation  to  be  provided  for  immigrants  until  they 

can  be  forwarded  to  their  place  of  destination. 

64.  If  both  the  immigrant  parents,  or  the  last  surviving  ^Dkposai^of prop- 
immigrant  parent  of  any  cliild  brought  with  them  in  any  imfnigrant    par- 
vessel  bound  for  Canada,  die  on  the  voyage,  or  at  any®°*^- 
immigrant  station  or  elsewhere  in  Canada  while  still  under 

the  care  of  any  immigrant  agent  or  other  officer  under 
this  Act,  the  Minister,  or  such  officer  as  he  deputes  for 
the  purpose,  may  cause  the  effects  of  such  parents  to  be 
disposed  of  for  the  benefit  of  such  child  to  the  best  advan- 
tage in  his  power,  or  in  his  discretion  to  be  delivered  over 
to  any  institution  or  person  assuming  the  care  and  charge 
of  such  child. 

65.  If  complaint  be  made  to  the  Minister  or  the  Super- ^^inqui^ymjase 
intendent  of  Immigration  against  any  company  or  person  spectmg  violation 
for  any  violation  of  this  Act,  in  any  matter  relating  to  °'  '^'''^• 
immigrants  or  immigration,  the  Minister  may  cause  such 

inquiry  as  he  thinks  proper  to  be  made  into  the  facts  of 
the  case,  or  may  bring  the  matter  before  the  Governor  in 
Council  in  order  that  such  inquiry  may  be  made  under 
the  Inquiries  Act. 


124  THE  IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA. 

Procedure.  ^2)  If  upoii  sucli  inquiry  it  appears  to  the  satisfaction  of 

the  Minister  that  such  company  or  person  has  been  guilty 
of  such  violation,  the  Minister  may  require  such  company 
or  person  to  make  such  compensation  to  the  person  ag- 
grieved, or  to  do  such  other  thing,  as  is  just  and  reason- 
able; or  may  adopt  measures  for  causing  such  proceeding 
to  be  instituted  against  such  company  or  person  as  the 
case  requires. 

Explanatory  note. — The  preceding  seven  sections  are  from  the 
present  Act,  slightly  remodelled  to  meet  the  terms  of  this  Bill. 

Rep;iiiations  re-  gg  "Yhe  Govemor  in  Council  may  make  such  regula- 
mlnt'a|eS.°^'tions  and  impose  such  penalties  as  are  deemed  expedient 
to  safeguard  the  interests  of  immigrants  seeking  employ- 
ment from  any  companies,  firms,  or  persons  carrying  on 
the  business  of  intelligence  offices  or  employment  or  labour 
agencies  at  any  place  in  Canada. 

Explanatory  note. — There  have  been  many  complaints  from  vari- 
ous parts  of  Canada  during  the  past  year  against  the  operations  of 
persons  who  -secure  employment  for  immigrants  on  terms  that  are 
subsequently  discovered  to'be  oppressive  and  sometimes  fraudulent, 
and  who  take  exorbitant  fees  for  securing  or  even  promising  to  secure 
employment.  In  many  cases  these  persons  are  beyond  reach  of  the 
Criminal  Code.  It  is  desirable  in  the  interests  of  newly  arrived  immi- 
grants that  the  business  of  laltour  and  employment  agencies  should 
be  subject  to  such  regulation  as  may  from  time  to  time  be  considered 
advisable  by  the  Governor  in  Council. 

IMMIGRANT    RUNNERS. 

Licenses  for  Ira-  g7_  'Y\\e.  Superintendent  of  Immigration  may  issue  to 
migrant  runners.  ^^^^^^^^  ^f  transportation  Companies,  forwarding  and  trans- 
fer companies,  hotels,  and  boarding  houses,  a  license  au- 
thorizing such  persons  to  exercise  the  vocation  of  immi- 
grant runners,  or  of  sohciting  the  patronage  of  immigrants 
for  their  respective  companies,  liotels,  or  boarding  houses, 
or  of  booking  passengers.  Such  license  shall  be  in  the 
form  ]M-escribed  by  the  Superintend{>nt  of  Immigration, 
and  may  at  any  time  be  cancelled  by  him  under  the  direc- 
tion or  with  the  consent  of  the  Minister. 

Explanatory  note. — The  issuance  of  these  licenses  is  contemplated 
under  the  present  Act,  but  it  contains  no  direct  authority  for  issuing  or 
formulating  them,  hence  this  section. 

Immigrants  not     gg.  No  persoH  shall,  at  any  port  or  place  in  Canada,  for 

to  be  solicited  ex- ,   .  r  _        }  j    i         .     .-^      ,i  p  „  i     „* 

cept  by  licensed  hire,  rcward,  or  gam,  or  the  expectation  thereof,  conduct, 
persons.  solicit,  or  recommcnd,  either  orally  or  by  handbill  or  plac- 

ard or  in  any  other  manner,  any  immigrant  to  or  on  behalf 
of  any  oWer  of  a  vessel,  or  to  or  on  behalf  of  any  inn- 
keeper or  boarding-house  keeper,  or  any  other  person,  for 
any  purposes  connected  with  the  preparations  or  arrange- 
ments of  such  immigrant  for  his  passage  to  his  final  place 
of  destination  m  Canada,  or  elsewhere,  or  give  or  pretend 
to  give  to  such  inmiigrant  any  information  oral,  printed, 
or  otheindse,  or  assist  him  to  his  said  place  of  destination, 
or  in  any  way  exercise  the  vocation  of  booking  passengers, 
or  of  taking  money  for  their  inland  fare,  or  for  the  trans- 
portation of  their  luggage,  unless  such  person  has  first 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  125 

obtained  a  license  from  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration 
authorizing  him  to  act  in  such  capacity. 

69.  Every  person  hcensetl  under  this  Act  as  an  immi- ,  seiiing  tickets 

•^    ^  .  ■  1      1      1  p       (.  ,  to  immigrants  at 

grant  runner,  or  person  actmg  on  belialr  or  any  trans- excessive  rates, 
portation  company,  or  forwarding  or  transfer  company,  or 
hotel  or  boardmg  house,  and  every  person  in  his  em})loy, 
who  sells  to  any  immigrant  a  ticket  or  order  for  the  pas- 
sage of  such  immigrant,  or  for  the  conveyance  of  his  lug- 
gage, at  a  higher  rate  than  that  for  which  it  could  be  pur- 
chased directly  from  the  company  or  jierson  undertaking 
such  conveyance,  and  every  person  who  purchases  any 
such  ticket  from  an  immigrant  for  less  than  its  value,  or 
gives  in  exchange  for  it  one  of  less  value,  shall  be  guilty  of 
an  offence  against  this  Act,  and  the  license  of  such  person 
shall  be  cancelled. 

70.  No  licensed  immigrant  runner,  or  agent  or  person  ,  Persons  not  to 

.•  I,    1     ic     £  r  J.    2.-  J.1         board   vessels   or 

actmg  on  behalr  or  any  transportation  company,  or  other  enter  immigrant 
person,  shall  go  on  board  any  vessel  after  such  vessel  has  llfthorfty)^"^""^ 
arrived  in  Canadian  waters  until  all  passengers  thereon 
have  been  landed,  or  shall  go  into  any  immigrant  station, 
unless  he  is  authorized  so  to  do  by  the  Superintendent  of 
Immigration  or  officer  in  charge. 

DUTIES    OF    INNKEEPERS. 

71.  Ever}'  innkeeper  or  boarding-house  keeper  in  any  ^^^^i^^^^of l^ices^to 
city,  town,  village,  or  place  in  Canada  designated  by  any  teis  and  boarding 
order  in  council,  who  receives  into  his  house  as  a  boarder  ^rwxl  ^°^  ™™'" 
or  lodger  any  immigrant  within  three  months  after  his 

arrival  in  Canada,  shall  cause  to  be  kept  conspicuously 
posted  in  the  public  rooms  and  passages  of  his  house  and 
printed  upon  his  busmess  cards,  a  list  of  the  prices  which 
will  be  charged  to  immigrants  per  day  and  per  week  for 
board  or  lodging,  or  both,  and  also  the  prices  for  separate 
meals,  which  cards  shall  also  contain  the  name  of  the 
keeper  of  such  house,  together  with  the  name  of  the  street 
in  which  it  is  situate,  and  its  number  in  such  street. 

(2)  No  such  imikeeper  or  boarding-house  keeper  shall  u^^j^g'^I^P"'^ ''*^° 
have  any  lien  on  the  efi'ects  of  such  immigrant  for  any 
amount  claimed  for  such  boarding  or  lodging  for  any  sum 
exceeding  five  dollars. 

72.  Every  such  innkeeper  or  boarding-house  keeper  j.^g^^^l^y^^f'^IJ^; 
who  detams  the  effects  of  any  immigrant  by  reason  ofi"e  immigrants 

dpi  1  ii'£j^ii  1  ±        I  1  effects  after  ten- 

aim  tor  board  or  lodgmg  after  he  has  been  tendered  der. 

the  sum  of  five  dollars  or  such  less  sum  as  is  actually  due 

for  the  board  or  lodgmg  of  such  immigrant,  shall  incur  a 

penalty  not  exceeding  twenty-five  dollars  and  not  less 

than  five  dollars,  over  and  above  the  value  of  the  effects 

so  detained,  and  he  shall  also  be  liable  to  restore  such 

effects. 

(2)  In  the  event  of  such  unlawful  detention,  the  effects    search  for  ef. 

so  detained  may  be  searched  for  and  recovered  under  ^"^^^^^ 

search  warrant  as  in  the  case  of  stolen  goods. 


126  THE  IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA. 

RULES,    FORMS,    AND    NOTICES. 

Superintendent  73.  In  addition  to  the  forms  set  out  in  the  schedule  to 
presSfbfforml'^'' this  Act  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  under  direc- 
tion or  with  the  consent  of  the  Minister,  shall  j^rescribe, 
formulate,  and  issue  such  rules,  notices,  forms  of  reports 
and  manifests,  and  other  forms  as  are  deemed  necessary 
from  time  to  time  in  connection  with  regulations  made 
under  this  Act  or  for  the  use  and  guidance  of  officers  under 
this  Act,  or  of  transportation  companies  and  agents 
thereof,  and  masters  of  vessels  and  immigrants, 

UNIFORMS. 

Uniforms     for      74.  The  Superintendent  of  Immigration  shall,  undcT  the 
mimigration  o  '■  (|jj.g(,^JQj-^  ^y  with  the  couseut  of  the  Minister,  prescribe  and 
contract  for  suitable  uniforms  and  insignia  for  the  various 
officers  on  duty  at  ports  of  entry,  and  the  same  shall  be 
supplied  to  such  officers,  and  one-third  of  the  cost  thereof 
shall  be  chargeable  to  such  officers,  or  in  the  case  of  offi- 
cers having  their  uniforms  made  to  order  a  proportionate 
sum  shall  be  paid  to  them  on  account  thereof. 
Officers  to  wear     75.  All  officers  while  on  duty  at  ports  of  entry,  or  on 
uniform  when  on  ^^^^,  elscwherc  inspecting  immigrants  or  ])assengers,  or 
acting  on  a  Board  of  In(iuiry,  or  on  duty  in  connection 
with  the  deportation  of  any  person  under  this  Act,  shall 
wear  the  uniform  pi-escribed  for  him,  unless  otherwise 
directed  by  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration. 

PROSECUTIONS    AND    PROCEDURE. 

Prosecutions.  75.  Any  officci  may  institute  summary  proceedings 
before  any  police  magistrate,  recorder,  or  justice  of  the 
peace  against  any  transportation  company  or  director, 
official  or  employee  thereof  charged  with  an  ofl'ence 
against  this  Act,  at  the  place  where  such  offence  was  com- 
mitted, or  at  the  place  where  sucli  company  has  an  office 
or  place  of  business  in  Canada,  or  where  such  person 
then  is. 

Costs.  (2)  Such  police  magistrate,  recorder,  or  justice  of  the 

peace  may,  in  addition  to  any  fine  or  penalty  imposed, 
award  costs  against  any  such  company  or  person  as  in 
ordinary  cases  of  summary  proceedings,  and  in  default 

Imprisonment,  of  payment  thereof  may  award  imprisonment  for  a  term 
not  exceeding  three  months,  to  terminate  on  payment  of 
fine  or  penalty  and  costs  incurred,  and  may,  in  his  dis- 

Award  of  pen- cretion,  award  any  part  of  such  fine  or  penalty,  when 
ai*y-  recovered,  to  the  person  aggrieved  by  or  through  the  act 

or  neglect  of  such  company  or  person. 

Application  of  (3)"  Subjcct  to  sucli  award  to  a  person  aggrieved  all  fines 
fines  and  penal-  ^^^j  penalties  recovercd  under  this  Act  shah  be  paid  to  the 
Minister  of  Finance  and  shall  form  part  of  the  Consolidated 
Revenue  Fund  of  Canada. 


THE    IMMIGKATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  127 

(4)  Every  duty  and  every  fine  or  penalty  imposed  under  ^^I'^^^f  traJ^^J?^ 
authority  of  this  Act  upon  a  transportation  company,  or  tation companies. 
upon  any  director,  official,  or  employee  thereof,  shall  until 
payment  thereof  be  a  lien  upon  any  and  all  property  of 

such  company  in  Canada,  and  may  be  enforced  and  col- 
lected by  the  seizure  and  sale  of  all  or  any  such  property 
under  the  warrant  or  process  of  the  magistrate  or  court 
before  whom  it  has  been  sued  for,  and  shall  be  preferred 
to  all  other  liens  or  h}  pothecations  except  wages. 

(5)  Every  duty  imposed  under  authority  of  this  Act  upon  recVo''rs"and*'^offl- 
a  transportation  company  shall  be  a  duty  devolving  upon  tiais. 

every  director,  official,  or  employee  thereof,  and  every 

duty  imposed  upon  the  master  of  a  vessel  shall  be  a  duty  sei^.'^°^'^^  °'  ^'^^ 

devolving  upon  the  owner  thereof. 

(6)  Imprisonment  of  a  master  or  owner  of  any  vessel,  not^Ear^lof 
or  of  any  official  or  employee  of  any  transportation  com-  Hen. 

pany,  for  any  offence  against  this  Act,  shall  not  discharge 
the  ship  or  other  property  of  such  company  from  the  lien 
attached  thereto  by  this  Act. 

77.  No  conviction  or  proceeding  under  this  Act  shall  be  to^be°quMhed  for 
quashed  for  want  of  form,  nor,  unless  the  penalty  imposed  want  of  form. 

is  one  hundred  dollars  or  over,  be  removed  by  appeal  or 
certiorari  or  otherwise  into  any  superior  court. 

(2)  Xo  warrant  of  commitment  shah  be  held  void  by  ^^^^[^ran^t s  of 
reason  of  any  defect  therein,  if  it  is  therein  alleged  that 

the  person  has  been  convicted,  and  there  is  a  good  and 
valid  conviction  to  sustain  such  warrant. 

(3)  In  case  of  removal  by  appeal  or  certiorari  or  other-  of |^^ai.^  *°  *^^^ 
wise  of  any  conviction  or  proceeding  under  this  Act  into 

any  superior  court,  security  shall  be  given  to  the  extent 
of  one  hundred  dollars  for  the  costs  of  such  removal  pro- 
ceedings to  such  superior  court. 

78.  Every  person  who  violates  any  provision  of  this  General  penalty. 
Act,  or  of  any  order  in  council,  proclamation  or  regulation 
thereunder  in  respect  of  which  violation  no  other  penalty 

is  provided  by  this  Act,  shall  incur  a  penalty  not  exceeding 
one  hundred  dollars. 

Explanatory  note. — The  preceding  four  sections  are  remodelled 
from  the  present  Act  to  suit  the  terms  of  this  Bill. 

APPLICATION    TO    CHINESE. 

79.  AH  provisions  of  this  Act  not  repugnant  to  the  pro-  A^^t?  c'^htaese."' 
visions   of   the  Chinese  Immigration  Act  shall  apply  as 

weU  to  persons  of  Chinese  origin  as  to  other  persons. 

EXPENSES    OF    ADMINISTRATION. 

80.  All  expenses  incurred  in  administering  this  Act  and  of^aSmiSLtering 
carrying  out  the  provisions  thereof,  and  of  affording  help  Act. 

and  advice  to  immigrants,  and  aiding,  visiting  and  reliev- 
ing destitute  immigrants,  procuring  medical  assistance 
and  otherwise  attending  to  the  objects  of  immigration, 
shall  be  paid  out  of  any  moneys  granted  by  Parliament 


128  THE   IMMIGEATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA. 

for  any  such  purpose  and  under  such  regulations  or  under 
such  orders  in  council,  if  any,  as  are  made  for  the  distri- 
bution and  application  of  such  moneys. 

GENERAL    REGULATIONS. 

Power  to  make     Qi    ^he  Govemor  in  Council  may,  on  the  recommenda- 

uons"     "^^^^^tion  of  the  Minister,  make  such  orders  and  regulations, 

not  inconsistent  with  this  Act,  as  are  considered  necessary 

or  expedient   for  enforcing  the   provisions   of   this  Act 

according  to  the  true  intent  and  meaning  thereof. 

Explanatory  note. — This  is  section  10  of  the  present  Act. 

REPEAL. 

Acts  repealed.  32  fhe  following  Acts  are  repealed:  Chapter  93  of  the 
Revised  Statutes,  1906;  chapter  19  of  the  Statutes  of 
1907;  and  chapter  33  of  the  Statutes  of  1908. 


SCHEDULE. 


Form  A. — Permit  to  enter  Canada. — Canada. —  The   Immigration  Act, 

section  4- 

To  all  Immigration  Officers: 

This  is  to  certify  that (name  in  full),  of ; — 

(last  place  of  residence), (occupation  or  other  descrip- 
tion), is  hereby  permitted  to  enter  and  remain  in  Canada  for  a  period 

of from  the  date  hereof  free  from  examination  or  other  restrictions 

under  the  Immifjration  Act. 

Dated  at  Ottawa  this day  of ,  19—. 

Minister  of  the  Interior. 
[Seal  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior.] 


Form  AA. — Cancellation  {or  extension)  of  permit. — Canada. —  The  Immi- 
gration Act,  section  4. 

To  all  Immigration  Officers: 

This  is  to  certify  that  the  permit  to  enter  Canada  issued  to  

(name  in  full),  of (last  place  of  residence),  on  the 

day  of ,  19 — ,  is  hereby  cancelled  (or  is  hereby  extended  for 

a  further  period  of from  the  date  hereof). 

Minister  of  the  Interior. 
[Seal  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior.] 


Form  B. — Order  for  deportation. — Canada. —  The  Immigration  Act, 

section  33. 

To {transportation  company)  and  to {person 

rejected),  port  of  entry ,  Province  of • ; 

This  is  to  certify  that (name  in  full),  of 

(last  place  of  residence),  a  person  seeking  to  enter  Canada  at  this  port, 
ex (ship  or  train),  from ,  which  arrived  at  this  poru 


THE    IMMIGKATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  129 

at  —  o'clock,  has  thiH  day  been  examined  by  the  Board  of  In- 


quiry (or  officer  in  charge)  at  this  port,  and  has  been  rejected  for  the 
following  reasons: (here  state  realms  in  full). 

And  the  said is  hereby  ordered  to  be  deported  to  the 

place  from  whence  he  came  to  Canada.  Such  conveyance  shall  be  by 
the  first  available  ship  or  train  of  the  transportation  company  which 
brought  the  said to  Canada.  , 

Dated  at this day  of ,  19 — . 

> 

Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Inquiry  (or  Immigration  Officer  in  Charge). 

NOTICE    TO    PERSON    ORDERED   TO    BE    DEPORTED. 

If  you  claim  to  be  a  Canadian  citizen  or  to  have  acquired  Canadian 
domicile,  you  have  the  right  to  consult  counsel  and  appeal  to  the  courts 
against  deportation. 

In  all  other  cases  you  may  appeal  to  the  Minister  of  the  Interior  against 
any  decision  of  the  Board  of  Inquiry  or  officer  in  charge  whereby  you  are 
ordered  to  be  deported  unless  such  decision  is  based  upon  a  certificate 
of  the  examining  medical  officer  that  you  are  affected  with  a  loathsome 
disease  or  a  disease  which  may  become  dangerous  to  the  public  health. 
The  formal  notice  of  appeal  will  be  supplied  to  you  by  the  immigration 
officer  in  charge  upon  request  and  upon  deposit  of  the  sum  of  twenty 
dollars  for  the  cost  of  your  maintenance,  and  the  sum  of  ten  dollars  for 
the  maintenance  of  each  person  dependent  upon  you,  until  the  Minister 
has  decided  upon  your  case. 


Form  C. — Notice  of  appeal. — Canada. —  The  Immigration  Act,  section  19. 

To  the  Minister  of  the  Interior, 

Ottawa,  Canada: 
I, (name  in  full),  of (last  place  of  resi- 
dence), hereby  appeal  from  the  decision  of  the  Board  of  Inquiry  (or 
officer  in  charge)  at  this  port  whereby  my  application  to  land  in  Canada 
has  been  rejected,  and  I  have  been  ordered  to  be  deported  to 

And  I  deposit  herewith  the  sum  of  twenty  dollars  for  cost  of  my 
maintenance  and  ten  dollars  for  the  maintenance  of  each  person 
dependent  upon  me  pending  your  decision. 

Dated  at the day  of ,  19 — . 

Appellant. 


Form  D. — Order   to   leave    Canada. — Canada.^The    Immigration   Act, 

section  42. 

To ,  of ; 


Whereas  it  has  been  shown  by  evidence  satisfactory  to  His  Excellency 
the  Governor  in  Council  that  you  advocated  in  Canada  the  overthrow  of 
the  Government  of  Canada  by  force  or  violence  (or  as  the  case  may  be); 

You  are  hereby  ordered  under  and  by  virtue  of  the  authority  con- 
ferred upon  His  Excellency  by  section  43  of  the  Immigration  Act  within 

• days  after  the  service  of  this  order  upon  you,  or  after  its 

being  left  for  you  at  your  last  known  address  or  place  of  abode,  to  leave 
and  depart  from  Canada,  and  not  to  return. 

Dated  at  Ottawa  this day  of ,  19 — . 

Clerk  of  the  Council. 
[Seal  of  the  Privy  Council.] 

35365— S.  Doc.  469,  61-2 9 


130  THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

Form  E. — Order  of  the  Minister  oj  Justice. — Canada. — The  Immigration 
Act,  section  43. 

To {Governor  or  Warden  of  gaol,  ■prison,  reformatory,  or 

penitentiary): 

Whereas -,  of ,  has  within  three  years  of 

landing  in  Canada  become  an  inmate  of ,  having  been 

convicted  of  the  crime  of ;  and  whereas,  under  the  provisions 

of  the  Immigration  Act,  I  have  been  requested  by  the  Minister  of  the 

Interior  to  issue  an  order  to  you,  the  said  ^ (warden  or 

governor,  as  the  case  may  be),  to  detain  the  said ; after 

expiry  of  his  sentence  or  term  of  imprisonment,  and  to  deliver  him  to 
the  officer  named  in  the  warrant  of  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration 
with  a  view  to  the  deportation  of  the  said ; 

Now  know  you  that  I,  the  Minister  of  Justice  of  Canada,  do  hereby, 

under  the  provisions  of  the  said  Act,  order  you,  the  said 

(warden  or  governor),  to  detain  and  deliver  the  said ; to 

,  the  officer  authorized  by  warrant  of  the  Superintend- 
ent of  Immigration  to  receive  the  said _  from  you  with  a 

view  to  his  deportation  under  the  provisions  of  the  said  Act. 

For  which  this  shall  be  your  sufficient  warrant. 

Dated  at  Ottawa  this day  of ,  19 — . 

Minister  of  Justice. 
[Seal  of  the  Department  of  Justice.] 


Form  ISsE.— Warrant  of  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration — Canada — 
The  Immigration  Act,  section  4S. 

By  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration. 


To of . 

■^Tiereas of has  within  three  years  of  his 

landing  in  Canada  become  an  inmate  of (gaol,  prison,  re- 
formatory, or  penitentiary);  and  whereas,  under  the  provisions  of  the 
Immigration  Act,  the  Minister  of  the  Interior  has  ordered  the  deporta- 
tion of  the  said and  has  applied  to  the  Minister  of  Justice 

for  an  order  addressed  to  the (governor  or  warden),  of 

the  said (gaol,  prison,  reformatory,  or  penitentiary),  com- 
manding him  to  detain  and  deliver  the  said into  your 

custody  after  expiry  of  his  sentence  or  term  of  imprisonment  iii  the 

gai(j (gaol,  prison,  reformatory,  or  penitentiary),  with  a 

view  to  his  deportation  under  the  provisions  of  the  said  Act. 

Now  know  you  that  I, ,  Superintendent  of  Immigration, 

do  hereby  order  you  to  receive  the  said (name  of  pris- 
oner), and  him  safely  to  keep  and  to  convey  through  any  part  of  Can- 
ada, and  him  to  deliver  to  the  transportation  company  which  brought 
him  to  Canada,  with  a  view  to  his  deportation  to  the  port  from  which 
he  came  to  Canada. 

For  which  this  shall  be  your  sufficient  warrant. 

Dated  at  Ottawa  this day  of ,  19—. 

♦ 
Superintendent  of  Immigration. 

[Seal  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior.] 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  131 

Form  F. — Bond  to  appear  for  examination. — Canada. —  The  Immigration 
Act,  section  33. 

Canada,  Province  of ,  in  the  matter  of  the  Immigration  Act  and 

of  A.  B. 

Be  it  remembered  that  on  the day  of ,  in  the  year  nine- 
teen hundred  and ,  A.  B.,  formerly  of  [state  phice  of  domicile  before 

coming  to  Canada],  [occupation],  a  person  seeking  to  enter  or  remain 
in  Canada;  and  L.  M.  of  [name  of  place],  in  the  said  province  [occupa- 
tion], and  N.  O.  of  the  same  place  [occupation],  personally  came  before 
me  and  acknowledged  themselves  to  owe  to  our  Sovereign  Lord  the 
King,  his  heirs  and  successors,  the  several  sums  following,  that  is  to 
say: 

The  said  A.  B.  the  sum  of dollars,  and  the  said  L.  M.  and  N.  O. 

the  sum  of dollars  each,  of  good  and  lawful  current  money  of 

Canada,  to  be  made  and  levied  of  their  several  goods  and  chattels,  lands 
and  tenements,  respectively,  to  the  use  of  our  said  Sovereign  Lord  the 
King,  his  heirs  and  successors,  if  he,  the  said  A.  B.  fails  in  the  condi- 
tion hereunder  written. 

Taken  and  acknowledged  the  day  and  year  first  above  mentioned  at 

in  the  province  aforesaid  before  me [Justice  of  Peace,  or 

Notary  Public]. 

The  condition  of  the  above-written  obligation  is  such,  that  whereas 
the  said  A.  B.  is  held  in  custody  under  authority  of  the  Immigration 
Act  for  examination  touching  the  right  of  the  said  A.  B.  to  enter  or  re- 
main in  Canada;  if,  therefore,  the  said  A.  B.  appears  before  the  Board 

of  Inquiry  or  officer  acting  as  such,  at  the  Immigrant  Station  at 

,  on  the day  of next,  at  the  hour  of in  the 

noon,  and  there  surrenders  himself  into  custody  of  an  Immigration  Offi- 
cer and  submits  to  examination  under  the  said  Act,  and  does  not  attempt 
to  escape  from  such  custody,  then  this  obligation  shall  be  void,  other- 
wise to  stand  in  full  force  and  effect. 


Appendix  C. 
THE  UNITED  STATES  IMMIGRATION  LAW. 

[Act  of  February  20,  1907  (34  Stat.,  pt.  1,  p.  898).] 
AN  ACT  to  regulate  the  immigration  of  aliens  into  the  United  States. 

Be  it  enacted  hy  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 

of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled, 

Head  tax:       That  there  shall  be  levied,  collected,  and  paid  a  tax  of  four 

To  whom  paid;  dollars  for  evcrj  alien  entering  the  United  States.     The 

said  tax  shall  be  paid  to  the  collector  of  customs  of  the 

port  or  customs  district  to  which  said  alien  shall  come, 

or,  if  there  be  no  collector  at  such  port  or  district,  then 

By  whom  paid,  to  the  collcctor  nearest  thereto,  by  the  master,  agent, 

owner,  or  consignee  of  the  vessel,  transportation  line,  or 

other  conveyance  or  vehicle  bringing  such  alien  to  the 

fines'"* and*  ren'^^^^^^*^^  States.     The  moucy  thus  collected,  together  with 

tais!'  to  consti-all  fincs  and  rentals  collected  under  the  laws  regulating 

^^^^~  the  immigration  of  aliens  into  the  United  States,  shall  be 

paid  into  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  and  shall 

constitute  a  permanent  appropriation  to  be  called  the 

Immigrant  "immigrant  fund,"  to  be  used  under  the  direction  of  the 

fund:  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor  to  defray  the  expense 

For  what  used,  (jf  regulating  the  immigration  of  aliens  into  the  United 

States  under  said  laws,  including  the  contract  labor  laws, 

the  cost  of  reports  of  clecisions  of  the  Federal  courts,  and 

digest  thereof,  for  the  use  of  the  Commissioner-General 

of  Immigration,   and   the  salaries  and  expenses  of  all 

officers,  clerks,  and  employees  ajipointed  to  enforce  said 

Head  tax:       laws.     TliB  tax  imposed  by  this  section  shall  be  a  lien 

upon  the  vessel  or  other  vehicle  of  carriage  or  transpor- 

vessei;^  ""^ "^"'^  tatiou  bringing  such  aliens  to  the  United  States,  and  shall 

be  a  debt  in  favor  of  the  United  States  against  the  owner 

How  payment  or  owucrs  of  sucli  vcsscI  or  otlicr  vehicle,  and  the  payment 

enforced;  ^^  g^^j^  ^^^  j-^.^y  j^g  enforced  by  any  legal  or  equitable 

Classes  exempt-  remedy.     That  the  said  tax  shall  not  be  levied  upon  aliens 

edfrompa>ment^j^^  sliall  enter  the  United  States  after  an  uninterrupted 

residence  of  at  least  one  year,  immediately  preceding  such 

entrance,  in  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  Newfoundland,  the 

Republic  of  Cuba,  or  the  Republic  of  Mexico,  nor  upon 

otherwise  admissible  residents  of  any  possession  of  the 

United  States,  nor  upon  aliens  in  transit  through  the 

United  States,  nor  upon  aliens  who  have  been  lawfully 

admitted  to  the  United  States  and  who  later  shall  go  in 

transit  from  one  part  of  the  United  States  to  another 

132 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA.  133 

through  foreign  contiguous  territory :  Provided,  That  the    "*»'*  ^^^^• 

Commissioner-General  of  Immigration,  under  the  three- ^^P^>™[^P,^^^°{J^a^- 

tion  or  with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  contiguous  tem- 

and  Labor,  by  agreement  with  transportation  lines,  as'*""^' 

provided  in  section  thirty-two  of  this  Act,  may  arrange  in 

some  other  manner  for  the  ])ayment  of  the  tax  imposed 

by  this  section  upon  any  or  all  aliens  seeking  admission 

from  foreign  contiguous  "territory:  Provided  further,  Thiit  ^.,^^^J^°\l^^^^ 

if  in  any  fiscal  year  the  amount  of  money  collected  under  i'it<)j  immigrant 

the  provisions  of  this  section  shall  exceed  two  million  five 

hundred  tliousand  dollars,  the  excess  above  that  amount 

shall  not  be  added  to  the  "immigrant  fund:"  Provided    iJi'^^J'"!*.^?^ 

further.  That  the  provisions  of  this  section  shall  not  apply  R^co.   and    uar 

to  aliens  arriving  in  Guam,  Porto  Rico,  or  Hawaii;  but  if ''''"'■ 

any  such  alien,  not  having  become  a  citizen  of  the  United 

States,  shall  later  arrive  at  any  port  or  place  of  the  United 

States  on  the  North  American  Continent  the  provisions 

of  this  section  shall  apply:  Provided  further,  That  when-    Passports. 

ever  the  Presitlent  shall  be  satisfied  that  passports  issued 

by  any  foreign  government  to  its  citizens  to  go  to  any 

country  other  than  the  United  States  or  to  any  insular 

possession  of  the  United  States  or  to  the  Canal  Zone  are 

being  used  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  the  holders  to  come    j^  ,j,^ijp^j  ^^^ 

to  the  continental  territory  of  the  United  States  to  the  used  to  detriment 

.         .  ^11  1-i-  ,1  •         -1       T>         •  1       i-  labor  conditions, 

detrmient  of  labor  conditions  therein,  the  rresiaent  may  holders  to  be  re- 
refuse  to  permit  such  citizens  of  the  country  issuing  such  J^'^^'^'i- 
passports  to  enter  the  continental  territory  of  the  United 
States  from  such  other  country  or  from  such  insular  pos- 
sessions or  from  the  Canal  Zone. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  fohowing  classes  of  aliens  shall  be  ^^^e^J  » »  d « •» 
excluded   from   admission  into   the   United   States:  All    ^^'.^'^^    .^^^^^ 
idiots,  imbeciles,  feeble-minded  persons,  epileptics,  insane  etc.;'°  ''  '"'^"*'' 
persons,  and  persons  who  have  been  insane  within  five 
years  previous;  persons  who  have  had  two  or  more  at- 
tacks of  insanity  at  any  time  previously;  paupers;  per- ^^P^up^^f^  ^X- 
sons  likely  to  become  a  public  charge;  professional  ^eg-come^  a"  public 
gars;  persons  afflicted  with  tuberculosis  or  with  a  loath- "^  Pleased; 
some  or  dangerous  contagious  disease;  persons  not  com- 
prehendetl  within  any  of  the  foregoing  excluded  cl asses pMentaii^y^.^or 
who  are  found  to  be  and  are  certified  by  the  examining  tive; 
surgeon  as  being  mentally  or  physically  defective,  such 
mental  or  physical  defect  being  of  a  nature  which  may 
affect  the  ability  of  such  alien  to  earn  a  living;  persons 
who  have  been  convicted  of  or  admit  having  committed    cnmmais; 
a  felony  or  other  crime  or  misdemeanor  involving  moral    p^iyg^j^ists- 
turjutude ;  polygamists,  or  persons  who  admit  their  belief 
in  the  practice  of  polygamy;  anarchists,  or  person's  who    Anarchists; 
believe  in  or  advocate  the  overthrow  by  force  or  violence 
of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  or  of  all  govern- 
ment, or  of  all  forms  of  law,  or  the  assassination  of  public  ♦  tutes 
officials;  prostitutes,  or  women  or  girls  coming  into  thegt,, /"^  '  '"^' 
United  States  for  the  purpose  of  prostitution  or  for  any 
other  immoral  purpose;  persons  who  procure  or  attempt 


134  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

classes-^  "  •^  *  "^  to  bring  in  prostitutes  or  women  or  girls  for  the  purpose 
of  prostitution  or  for  any  other  immoral  purpose ;  persons 
Contractiaborers;jjgj.g-j^^f^gj,  Called  Contract  laborers  who  have  been  in- 
duced or  solicited  to  migrate  to  this  country  by  offers  or 
promises  of  employment  or  in  consequence  of  agreements, 
oral,  written,  or  printed,  express  or  implied,  to  perform 
labor  in  this  country  of  any  kind,  skilled  or  unskilled; 
those  who  have  been,  within  one  year  from  the  date  of 
application  for  admission  to  the  United  States,  deported 
as  having  been  induced  or  solicited  to  migrate  as  above 

Assisted  aliens;  (jegci-ibg^j.  ^ny  person  whose  ticket  or  passage  is  paid  for 
with  the  money  of  another,  or  who  is  assisted  by  others  to 
come,  unless  it  is  affirmatively  and  satisfactorily  shown 
that  such  person  does  not  belong  to  one  of  the  foregoing 
excluded  classes,  and  that  said  ticket  or  passage  was  not 
paid  for  by  any  corporation,  association,  society,  munici- 
pality,  or  foreign  government,  either  directly  or  indi- 

chiidren  under  rectly ;  all  children  under  sixteen  years  of  age,  unaccom- 
panied by  one  or  both  of  their  parents,  at  the  discretion 
of  tlie  Secretary  of  Commerce  antl  Labor  or  under  such 
regulations  as  he  may  from  time  to  time  prescribe:  Pro- 

Exceptions-    vicled,  That  nothing  in  this  Act  shall  exclude,  if  otherwise 

Offenses  poiiti- admissible,  persons  convicted  of  an  offense  purely  polit- 
'®''  ical,    not   involving   moral    turpitude:  Provided  further, 

Transits;  'YXy^t  the  ])rovisions  of  this  section  relating  to  the  pay- 
ments for  tickets  or  passage  by  any  corporation,  associa- 
tion, society,  municij)ality,  or  foreign  government  shall 
not  apply  to  the  tickets  or  passage  of  aliens  in  immediate 
and  continuous  transit  through  the  United  States  to  for- 
eign   contiguous    territory:  And   provided  further,  That 

siciiied  labor;  skilled  lal)or  may  be  imj^orted  if  labor  of  like  kind  unem- 
plo.yed  can  not  be  found  in  this  country:  And  provided 
further,  That  the  provisions  of  this  law  applicable  to  con- 
tract labor  shall  not  be  held  to  exclude  professional  actors, 
^^Actors,  artists,  artists,  Iccturcrs,  singers,  ministers  of  any  religious  denom- 
ination, professors  for  colleges  or  seminaries,  persons 
belonging  to  any  recognized  learned  profession,  or  persons 
employetl  strictly  as  personal  or  domestic  servants. 

Prostitutes:         g^c.  3.  That  the  importation  into  the  United  States  of 

Importation  or  any  alien  woman  or  girl  for  the  })urpose  of  prostitution, 
ized;'"^  ^^*^"'^'or  for  any  other  immoral  purpose,  is  hereby  forbidden; 
and  whoever  shall,  directly  or  indirectly,  import,  or  at- 
tempt to  import,  into  the  United  States,  any  alien  woman 
or  girl  for  tiie  purpose  of  prostitution,  or  for  any  other 
immoral  ])urpose,  or  whoever  shall  hold  or  attempt  to 
hold  any  alien  woman  or  girl  for  any  such  purpose  in 
pursuance  of  such  illegal  importation,  or  whoever  shall 
keep,  maintain,  control,  support,  or  harbor  in  any  house 
or  other  place,  for  the  purpose  of  prostitution,  or  for  any 
other  immoral  purpose,  any  alien  woman  or  girl,  within 
three  years  after  she  shall  have  entered  the  United  States, 
shall,  in  every  such  case,  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  felony,  and 
on  conviction  thereof  be  imprisoned  not  more  than  five 


\ 


THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION   IN   CANADA.  135 

years  and  pay  a  fine  of  not  more  than  five  thousand  dol-    Prostitutes: 
jars;  and  any  ahen  woman  or  girl  who  shall  be  found  an    Deportation  of, 
inmate  of  a  house  of  prostitution  or  practicing  prostitu-'*^'!^'''"  three 
tion,  at  any  time  within  three  jesiTs  after  she  shall  have^^'^'^''' 
entered  the  United  States,  shall  be  deemed  to  be  unlaw- 
fully within  the  United  States  and  shall  be  deported  as 
provided  by  sections  twenty  and  twenty-one  of  this  Act. 

Sec.  4.  That  it  shall  be  a  misdemeanor  for  any  person,    contract  labor, 
company,   partnership,   or  corporation,   in  any  manner  *'^= 
whatsoever,  to  prepay  the  transportation  or  in  any  way    importation  of, 
to  assist  or  encourage  the  importation  or  migration  of  any  ^°'^^"^'^^"' 
contract  laborer  or  contract  laborers  into   the   United 
States,  unless  such  contract  laborer  or  contract  laborers 
are  exempted  under  the  terms  of  the  last  two  provisos  con- 
tained ill  section  two  of  this  Act. 

Sec.  5.  That  for  every  violation  of  any  of  the  provi-    Penalty  for  im- 
sions  of  section  four  of  this  Act  the  person,  partnership,  P°'''''^e; 
company,  or  corporation  violating  the  same,  by  know- 
ingly assisting,  encouraging,  or  soliciting  the  migration 
or  importation  of  any  contract  laborer  into  the  United 
States  shall  forfeit  and  pay  for  every  such  offense  the 
sum  of  one  thousand  dollars,  which  may  be  sued  for  and 
recovered  b}^  the  United  States,  or  by  any  person  who 
shall  first  bring  his  action  therefor  in  his  own  name  and 
for  his  own  benefit,  including  any  such  alien  thus  prom- 
ised labor  or  service  of  any  kind  as  aforesaid,  as  debts  of 
like  amount  are  now  recovered  in  the  courts  of  the  United 
States;  and  separate  suits  may  be  brought  for  each  alien 
thus  promised  labor  or  service  of  any  kind  as  aforesaid. 
And  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  district  attorne}^  of  the    u.s.  attorneys 
proper  district  to  prosecute  every  such  suit  when  brought  ^^p^'o^^^'^'^s"''^; 
by  the  United  States. 

Sec.  6.  That  it  shall  be  unlawful  and  be  deemed  a  vio-    Advertising  for 
lation  of  section  four  of  this  Act  to  assist  or  encourage  forbidden; 
the  importation  or  migration  of  any  alien  by  promise  of 
employment  through  advertisements  printed  and  pub- 
lished in  any  foreign  country;  and  any  alien  coining  to 
this  country  in  consequence  of  such  an  advertisement  shall 
be  treated  as  coming  under  promise  or  agreement  as  con- 
templated in  section  two  of  this  Act,  and  the  penalties 
imposed  by  section  five  of  this  Act  shall  be  applicable  to 
such  a  case :  Provided,  That  this  section  shall  not  apply  to 
States  or  Territories,  the  District  of  Columbia,  or  places  favor  states 'and 
subject  to  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States  advertis- '^''"''^°"'^^" 
ing  the  inducements  thej  offer  for  immigration  thereto, 
respectively. 

Sec.  7.  That  no  transportation  company  or  owner  or    soliciting: 
owners  of  vessels,  or  others  engaged  in  transporting  aliens    p^rbidden 
into  the  United  States,  shall,  directly  or  indirectly,  either  part  transporta- 
by  writing,  printing,  or  oral  representation,  solicit,  invite,  tion companies; 
or  encourage  the  immigration  of  any  aliens  into   the 
United  States,  but  this  shall  not  be  held  to  prevent  trans- 
portation companies  from  issuing  letters,   circulars,  or 
advertisements,  stating  the  sailings  of  their  vessels  and 


136  THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

Soliciting:  terms  and  facilities  of  transportation  therein;  and  for  a 
violation  of  this  provision,  any  such  transportation  com- 
pany, and  any  such  owner  or  owners  of  vessels,  and  all 
others  engaged  in  transporting  aliens  into  the  United 
States,  and  the  agents  by  them  employed,  shall  be  sever- 
Penaityfor.  ally  Subjected  to  the  penalties  imposed  by  section  five  of 
this  Act. 
^^uniawfuiiand-  g^,^  g  rpj^^^  ^^^  person,  including  the  master,  agent, 
owner,  or  consignee  of  any  vessel,  who  shall  bring  into 
or  land  in  the  United  States,  by  vessel  or  otherwise,  or 
who  shall  attempt,  by  himself  or  through  another,  to 
bring  into  or  land  in  the  United  States,  by  vessel  or  other- 
wise, any  alien  not  duly  admitted  by  an  immigrant  in- 
spector or  not  lawfully  entitled  to  enter  the  United  States 
shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  shall,  on 
conviction,  be  punished  by  a  fine  not  exceeding  one  thou- 
Penaity  for.  sand  dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  for  a  term  not  exceed- 
ing two  years,  or  by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment  for 
each  and  every  alien  so  landed  or  brought  in  or  attempted 
to  be  landed  or  brought  in. 
Fine  $100:  ggp    9    T^j^^  it  sluill  bo  uulawful  for  any  person,  in- 

..P"'"  bringing  eluding  any  transportation  company  other  than  railway 
lines  entering  tiie  United  States  from  foreign  contiguous 
territory,  or  the  owoier,  master,  agent,  or  consignee  of  any 
vessel  to  bring  to  the  United  States  any  alien  subject  to 
any_  of  the  following  disabilities :  Idiots,  imbeciles,  epi- 
leptics, or  persons  afflicted  with  tuberculosis  or  with  a 
loathsome  or  dangerous  contagious  disease,  and  if  it  shall 
appear  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce 
and  Labor  that  any  alien  so  brought  to  the  United  States 
was  afiiicted  with  any  of  the  saicl  diseases  or  disabilities 
at  the  time  of  foreign  embarkation  and  that  the  existence 
of  such  disease  or  disability  might  have  been  detected  by 
means  of  a  competent  medical  examination  at  such  time, 
iecung°^  "'  ''"'-such  pcrsou  or  transportation  company,  or  the  master, 
agent,  owner,  or  consignee  of  any  such  vessel  shall  pay 
to  the  collector  of  customs  of  the  customs  district  in  which 
the  port  of  arrival  is  located  the  sum  of  one  hundred  dol- 
lars for  each  and  every  violation  of  the  provisions  of  this 
section;  and  no  vessel  shall  be  granted  clearance  papers 
pending  the  determination  of  the  question  of  the  liability 
to  the  payment  of  such  fine,  and  in  the  event  such  fine  is 
imposed,  while  it  remains  unpaid,  nor  shall  such  fine  be 
remitted  or  refunded:  Provided,  That  clearance  may  be 
granted  prior  to  the  determination  of  such  questions  upon 
the  deposit  of  a  sum  sufficient  to  cover  such  fine  and  costs, 
such  sum  to  be  named  by  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and 
Labor. 
Appeals:  g^^    jq^  That  the  decision  of  the  board  of  special  in- 

ane ns^'iffli^ted^^^^y'  hereinafter  provided  for,  based  upon  the  certificate 
with  tuberculosis  of  the  examining  medical  officer,  shall  be  final  as  to  the 
"agioufd^selses"' rejection  of  aliens  affected  with  tuberculosis  or  with  a 
loathsome  or  dangerous  contagious  disease,  or  with  any 
mental  or  physical  disability  which  would  bring  such 


THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION   IN    CANADA.  137 

aliens  within  any  of  the  chisses  exckided  from  admission 
to  the  United  States  under  section  two  of  this  Act. 

Sec.  11.  That  upon  the  certificate  of  a  medical  officer    Guardian    en 
of  the  United  States  Public  Health  and  Marine  Hospital     ^''*^' ' 
Service  to  the  effect  that  a  rejected  alien  is  helpless  froni  compaJfies to^bea" 
sickness,  mental  or  physical  disability,  or  infancy,  if  such  expense  of. 
alien  is  accompanied  by  another  alien  whose  protection 
or  guardianship  is  required  by  such  rejected  alien,  such 
accompanying  alien  may  also  be  excluded,  and  the  mas- 
ter, agent,  owner,  or  consignee  of  the  vessel  in  which  such 
alien  and  accompanying  alien  are  brought  shall  be  re- 
quired to  return  said  alien  and  accompanying  alien  in  the 
same  manner  as   vessels   are  required   to   return  other 
rejected  aliens. 

Sec.  12.  That  upon  the  arrival  of  any  alien  by  water  at    Manifests: 
any  port  within  the  United  vStates,  it  shall  be  the  duty    incoming  pas- 
of  the  master  or  commanding  officer  of  the  steamer,  sail- ^^°^'^'^''~ 
ing  or  other  vessel  having  said  alien  on  board  to  deliver 
to  the  immigration  officers  at  the  port  of  arrival  lists 
or  manifests  made  at  the  time  and  place  of  embarkation 
of  such  alien  on  board  such  steamer  or  vessel,  which  shall, 
in  answer  to  questions  at  the  top  of  said  list,  state  as  to 
each  alien  the  full  name,  age,  and  sex;  whether  married    what  to  Con- 
or single;  the  caviling  or  occupation;  whether  able  to  read  ^'"' 
or  write;  the  nationality;  the  race;  the  last  residence; 
the  name  and  address  of  the  nearest  relative  in  the  coun- 
try from  which  the  alien  came;  the  seaport  for  landing 
in  the  United  States;  the  final  destination,  if  any,  beyond 
the  port  of  landing;   whether  having  a   ticket  through 
to  such  final  destination;  whether  the  alien  has  paid  his 
own  passage  or  whether  it  has  been  paid  by  any  other  per- 
son or  by  any  corj^oration,  society,  municipality,  or  gov- 
ernment, and  if  so,  by  whom;  whether  in  possession  of 
fifty  dollars,  and  if  less,  how  much;  whether  going  to 
join  a  relative   or  friend,   and   if  so,   what  relative  or 
friend,    and   his    or   her   name    and   complete    address; 
whether  ever  before  in  the  United  States,   and  if  so, 
when  and  where;  whether  ever  in  jjrison  or  almshouse 
or  an  institution  or  hospital  for  the  care  and  treatment 
of  the  insane  or  supported  by  charity;  whether  a  polyg- 
amist;  whether  an  anarchist;  whether  coming  by  reason 
of  any  offer,  solicitation,  promise,  or  agreement,  express 
or   implied,    to    perform    labor   in    the    United    States, 
and  what  is  the  alien's  condition  of  health,  mental  and 
physical,  and  whether  deformed  or  crippled,  and  if  so, 
for  how  long  and   from   what  cause;  that  it  shall  fur-    outgoing  pas- 
ther  be  the  duty  of  the  master  or  commanding  officer  of  ^®°s*''"^- 
every  vessel  taking  alien  passengers  out  of  the  United 
States,  from  any  port  thereof,  to  file  before  departure 
therefrom  with  the  collector  of  customs  of  such  port  a 
complete  list  of  all  such  alien  passengers  taken  on  board. 
Such  list  shall  contain  the  name,  age,  sex,  nationality,    what  to  con- 
residence  in  the  United  States,  occupation,  and  the  time*'"''' 
of  last  arrival  of  every  such  alien  in  the  United  States, 


138  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

Manifests:  ^nd  no  master  of  any  such  vessel  shall  be  granted  clear- 
ance papers  for  his  vessel  until  he  has  deposited  such  list 
or  lists  with  the  collector  of  customs  at  the  port  of  depar- 
ture and  made  oath  that  they  are  full  and  complete  as  to 
the  name  and  other  information  herein  required  concern- 
penaity;  ing  cacli  alien  taken  on  board  his  vessel;  and  an}'-  neg- 

lect or  oxnission  to  comply  with  the  requirements  of  this 
section  shall  be  punishable  as  provided  in  section  fifteen 
With  whom  de-  of  this  Act.     That  the  collector  of  customs  with  whom  any 
posited;  g^pj^  j-gi^  j-^.^g  i^ppj^  deposited  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 

visions of  this  section,  shall  promptly  notify  the  Com- 
missioner-General of  Immigration  that  such  list  has  been 
deposited  with  him  as  provided,  and  shall  make  such 
further  disposition  thereof  as  may  be  required  by  regu- 
lations  to   be   issued   by   the   Commissioner-General  of 
Immigration  with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  Com- 
merce and  Labor:  Promded,  That  in  the  case  of  vessels 
making  regular  tri])s  to  ports  of  the  United  States  the 
Commissioner-General  of  immigration,  with  the  approval 
of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  may,  when  ex- 
pedient, arrange  for  the  delivery  of  such  lists  of  outgoing 
Of  aliens  from  aliciis  at  a  later  date :  Provided  further,  That  it  shall 
G\!am^^"porTobe  the  duty  of  the  master  or  commanding  officer  of  any 
Rico,  '  and    Ha-^^gg^}  sailing  froiu  ports  in  the  Philippine  Islands,  Guam, 
^^"'  Porto  Rico,  or  Hawaii  to  any  ])ort  of  the  United  States 

on  the  North  American  Continent  to  deliver  to  the  inimi- 
gration  officers  at  the  ])ort  of  arrival  lists  or  manifests 
made  at  the  time  and  place  of  embarkation,  giving  the 
names  of  all  aliens  on  board  said  vessel. 
How  made  up;     Sec.  13.  That  all  allcns  arriving  by  water  at  the  ports 
of  the  United  States  sliall  be  listed  in  convenient  groups, 
and  no  one  list  or  manifest  shall  contain  more  than  thirty 
names.     To  each  alien  or  head  of  a  family  shall  be  given 
a  ticket  on  which  shall  be  written  his  name,  a  number  or 
letter  designating  tlie  list  in  which  his  name,  and  so  forth, 
is  contained,  and  his  number  on  said  list,  for  convenience 
To  be  signed  of  identification  on  arrival.     Each  list  or  manifest  shall 
m^t^rirtlfcorlbe  verified  by  the  signature  and  the  oath  or  aflarmation  of 
rectness  of  con- the  master  or  commanding  officer,  or  the  first  or  second 
**°^'  below  him  in  command,  taken  before  an  immigration 

officer  at  the  port  of  arrival,  to  the  effect  that  he  has 
caused  the  surgeon  of  said  vessel  sailing  therewith  to  make 
a  physical  and  oral  examination  of  each  of  said  aliens, 
and  that  from  the  report  of  said  surgeon  and  from  his 
own  investigation  he  believes  that  no  one  of  said  aliens  is 
an  idiot,  or  imbecile,  or  a  feeble-minded  person,  or  insane 
person,  or  a  pauper,  or  is  fikely  to  become  a  public  charge, 
or  is  afflicted  with  tuberculosis  or  with  a  loathsome  or 
dangerous  contagious  disease,  or  is  a  person  who  has  been 
convicted  of,  or  who  admits  having  committed  a  felony 
or  other  crime  or  misdemeanor  involving  moral  turpitude, 
or  is  a  polygamist  or  one  admitting  belief  in  the  practice 
of  polygamy,  or  an  anarchist,  or  under  promise  or  agree- 
ment, express  or  implied,  to  perform  labor  in  the  United 


THE   IMMIGEATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  139 

States,  or  a  prostitute,  or  a  woman  or  girl  comino;  to  the  Manifests: 
United  States  for  the  purpose  of  prostitution,  or  for  any 
other  immoral  purpose,  and  that  also,  according  to  the 
best  of  his  knowledge  and  belief,  the  information  in  said 
lists  or  manifests  concerning  each  of  said  aliens  named 
therein  is  correct  and  true  in  every  respect. 

Sec,  14.  That  the  surgeon  of  said  vessel  sailing  there-  To  be  signed 
with  shall  also  sign  each  of  said  lists  or  manifests  and  surges?™  °  ^ 
make  oath  or  affirmation  in  like  manner  before  an  immi- 
gration officer  at  the  port  of  arrival,  stating  his  profes- 
sional experience  and  qualifications  as  a  physician  and 
surgeon,  and  that  he  has  made  a  personal  examination  of 
each  of  the  said  aliens  named  therein,  and  that  the  said 
list  or  manifest,  according  to  the  best  of  his  knowledge 
and  belief,  is  full,  correct,  and  true  in  all  particulars  rela- 
tive to  the  mental  and  physical  condition  of  said  aliens. 
If  no  surgeon  sails  with  any  vessel  bringing  aliens  the 
mental  and  physical  examinations  and  the  verifications 
of  the  lists  or  manifests  shall  be  made  by  some  competent 
surgeon  employed  by  the  owners  of  the  said  vessel. 

Sec.  15.  That  in  the  case  of  the  failure  of  the  master  or^J^"^oj^ng  pas- 
commanding  officer  of  any  vessel  to  deliver  to  the  said 
immigration  officers   lists  or  manifests  of   all   aliens  on 
board  thereof,  as  rec^uired  in  sections  twelve,  thirteen,  and 
fourteen  of  this  Act,  he  shall  pay  to  the  collector  of  cus-    Penalty  of  sio; 
toms  at  the  port  of  arrival  the  sum  of  ten  dollars  for  each 
alien  concerning  whom  the  above  information  is  not  con- 
tained in  any  list  as  aforesaid:  Provided,  That  m  the  case    outgmng  pas- 
of  failure  without  good  cause  to  deliver  the  list  of  passen-  ^''"^'''"^ 
gers  required  by  section  twelve  of  this  Act  from  the  mas- 
ter or  commanding  officer  of  every  vessel  takmg  alien 
passengers  out  of  the  United  States,  the  penalty  shall  be    Penalty  of  sio; 
paid  to  the  collector  of  customs  at  the  port  of  departure 
and  shall  be  a  &ie  of  ten  dollars  for  each  alien  not  in- 
cluded in  said  list;  but  in  no  case  shall  the  aggregate    Aggregate  fines 

/>  1111111  not     to      exceed 

line  exceed  one  hundred  dollars.  $ioo. 

Sec.  16.  That  upon  the  receipt  by  the  immigration  offi-    inspection: 
cers  at  any  port  of  arrival  of  the  lists  or  manifests  of 
incoming  aliens  provided  for  in  sections  twelve,  thirteen, 
and  fourteen  of  this  Act,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  said  offi-    on    board 
cers  to  go  or  to  send  competent  assistants  to  the  vessel  to  ^'^^s*^': 
which  said  lists  or  manifests  refer,  and  there  inspect  all 
such  aliens,  or  said  immigration  officers  may  order  a  tem-    Landing for.not 
porary  removal  of  such  aliens  for  examination  at  a  desig-  ^^^'^^  landing; 
nated  time  and  place,  but  such  tem))orary  removal  shall 
not  be  considered  a  landing,  nor  shall  it  relieve  the  trans- 
portation Imes,  masters,  agents,  owners,  or  consignees  of 
the  vessel  upon  which  said  aliens  are  brought  to  any  port 
of  the  United  States  fi'om  any  of  the  obligations  which,  in 
case  such  aliens  remain  on  board,  would,  under  the  pro- 
visions of  this  Act,  bind  the  said   transportation  Imes, 
masters,  agents,  o^\^lers,  or  consignees:  Provided,  That  •  ^' ••''^''^f' nation 
where  a  suitable  building  is  used  for  the  detention  and  officers  responsi- 
examination  of  aliens  the  immigration  officials  shall  there  ^^^- 


140  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

take  charge  of  such  ahens,  and  the  transportation  com- 
panies, masters,  agents,  o^\^lers,  and  consignees  of  the 
vessels  bringing  such  aliens  shall  be  relieved  of  the  re- 
sponsibility for  their  detention  thereafter  until  the  return 
of  such  aliens  to  their  care. 
Medical  exam-      Sec.  17.  That  the  physical  and  mental  examination  of 

nation:  ^^jj  arriving  aliens  shall  be  made  by  medical  officers  of 

To  be  made  by  the  United  States  Public  Health  and  Alarine-llospital 

^^005^*^  *^'  ^'  Service,  who  shall  have  had  at  least  two  years'  experience 
in  the  practice  of  their  profession  since  receiving  the 
degree  of  doctor  of  medicine  and  who  shall  certify  for 
the  information  of  the  immigration  officers  and  the  boards 
of  special  inquiry  hereinafter  provided  for,  any  and  all 
physical  and  mental  defects  or  diseases  observed  by  said 
medical  officers  in  any  such  alien,  or,  should  medical  offi- 
cers of  the  United  States  Public  Ilealth  and  Marine- 
Hospital  Service  be  not  available,  civil  surgeons  of  not 
less  than  four  years'  professional  experience  may  be  em- 
ployed in  such  emergency  for  such  service,  upon  such 
terms  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  Commissioner-General 
of  Immigration  under  the  direction  or  with  the  approval 
of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor.  The  United 
p. H.andM.H. States  Public  Health  and  Marine-Hospital  Service  shall 

imburseiHor  sur- be  reimbursed  by  the  Immigration  Service  for  allexpendi- 

geons' salaries,  t^^j-gg  incurred  ill  Carrying  out  the  medical  ins))ection  of 
aliens  under  regulations  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce 
and  Labor. 

^^Uniawfuuand-      Sec.  18.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  owmers,  officers, 
or  agents  of  any  vessel  or  transportation  line,  other  than 
those  railway  lines  which  may  enter  into  a  contract  as 
Exception  un-  provided  in  section  thirty-two  of  this  Act,  bringing  an 
ersec.  u.,         alien  to  the  United  States  to  prevent  the  landing  of  such 
alien  in  the  United  States  at  any  time  or  place  other  than 
as  designated  by  the  immigration  officers,  and  the  negli- 
gent failure  of  any  such  owner,  officer,  or  agent  to  comply 
with  the  foregoing  requirements  shall  be  deemed  a  mis- 
Penaityfor;      demeanor  and  be  punished  by  a  fine  in  each  case  of  not 
less  than  one  hundretl  nor  more  than  one  thousand  dollars 
or  by  imprisonment  for  a  term  not  exceeding  one  j^ear,  or 
by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment;  and  every  such 

n?ns  s^fanded*^^ '^^^^^  ^°  landed  shall  be  deemed  to  be  unlawfully  in  the 
United  States  and  shall  be  deported  as  provided  in  sec- 
tions twenty  and  twenty-one  of  this  Act. 
Deportation:        Sec.  19.  That  all  aliens  brought  to  this  country  in  vio- 
lation of  law  shall,  if  practicable,  be  immediately  sent 
By    vessel  back  to  tlic  couutry  whence  they  respectively  came  on  the 

bringing;  ycsscls  bringing  them.     The  cost  of  their  maintenance 

while  on  land,  as  well  as  the  expense  of  the  return  of  such 

detention,  ^to'^bi  alicns,  shall  be  borne  by  the  oA\Tier  or  owners  of  the  vessels 

^h^eoinpanies™^^  whicli  they  respectively  came;  and  if  any  master, 

person  in  charge,  agent,  o^vner,  or  consignee  of  any  such 

Penalty  for  fail- vessel  shall  Tcfusc  to  reccivc  back  on  board  thereof,  or  on 

port^ormaintatn"^^^^^  ^^  ^^^  othcr  vcsscl  owucd  or  Operated  by  the  same 
'interests,  such  aliens,  or  shall  fail  to  detain  them  thereon, 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  141 

or  shall  refuse  or  fail  to  return  them  to  the  foreign  port    Deportation: 
from  which  they  came,  or  to  ])ay  the  cost  of  their  main- 
tenance while  on  land,  or  shall  make  any  charfije  for  the 
return  of  any  such  alien,  or  shall  take  any  security  from  ji^P^J.^^^^'^'^yj^ffta'^- 
him  for  the  payment  of  such  char<:;e,  such  master,  [)erson 
in  charo:e,  a<!;ent,  owner,  or  consignee  shall  be  deemed 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and  shall,  on  conviction,  be  pun- 
ished by  a  fuie  of  not  less  than  three  hundred  dollars  for 
each  and  every  such  offense;  and  no  vessel  shall  have 
clearance  from  any  port  of  the  United  States  while  any 
such  fine  is  unpaid:  Provided,  That  the  Commissioner-    witnesses: 
General  of  Immigration,  with  the  approval  of  the  Secre-    Authority  to 
tary  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  may  suspend,  upon  condi-  °^  ' 
tions  to  be  prescribed  by  the  Commissioner-General  of 
Immigration,  the  deportation  of  any  alien  found  to  have 
come  in  violation  of  any  provision  of  this  Act,  if,  in  his 
judgment,  the  testimony  of  such  alien  is  necessary  on 
behalf  of  the  United  States  Government  in  the  prosecu- 
tion of  offenders  against  any  provision  of  this  Act:  Pro- 
vided, That  the  cost  of  maintenance  of  any  person  so    cost  paid  from 

,,.'i  I.'  (.  1  •  ri  i.i.'         immigrant  fund. 

detamed  resulting  from  such  suspension  ol  deportation 
shall  be  paid  from  the  ''immigrant  fund"  but  no  alien  me nt^by  '^'"ex- 
certified,  as  provided  in  section  seventeen  of  this  Act,  to  {Jj^^^?|gP^[^J^^f''"^ 
be  suffering  from  tuberculosis  or  from  a  loathsome  or    of  those  sufier- 

,  i       •  T  ii  ii  r  ing  with  tubercu- 

dangerous  contagious  disease  other  than  one  oi  quaran- losis  or  loathsonie 
tillable  nature  shall  be   permitted  to  land  for  medical  g^e.^"^"'"'^"^  '^'^' 
treatment  thereof  in  any  hospital  in  the  United  States, 
unless   with   the   express    permission   of   the    Secretary 
of  Commerce  and  Labor:  Provided,  That  upon  the  cer-    insane  aliens: 
tificate  of  a  medical  officer  of  the  United  States  Public  ^""jjl^'gjjf  g°^ 
Health  and  Marine-Hospital  Service  to  the  effect  that  the  ppnse  immigrant 
health  or  safety  of   an  insane   alien  would   be  unduly 
imperiled  by  immediate  deportation,  such  alien  may,  at 
the  expense  of  the  ''immigrant  fund,"  be  held  for  treat- 
ment until  such  time  as  such  alien  may,  in  the  opinion 
of  such  medical  officer,  be  safely  deported. 

Sec.  20.  That  any  alien  who  shall  enter  the  United    Deportation: 
States  in  violation  of  law,  and  such  as  become  public  ,  unlawful  re&i- 

1  p  •    .•    '  •         j^      1         !•  1      11  dents  and  public 

charges  Irom  causes  existing  prior  to  landing,  shall,  upon  charges; 
the  warrant  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  be 
taken  into  custody  and  deported  to  the  country  whence 
he  came  at  any  time  within  three  years  after  the  date  of 
his  entry  into  the  United  States.  Such  deportation,  of,^to  be  borne'!^^ 
including  one-half  of  the  entire  cost  of  removal  to  the 
port  of  deportation,  shall  be  at  the  expense  of  the  con- 
tractor, procurer,  or  other  person  by  whom  the  alien  was 
unlawfully  induced  to  enter  the  United  States,  or,  if  that 
can  not  be  done,  then  the  cost  of  removal  to  the  port  of 
deportation  shall  be  at  the  expense  of  the  "immigrant 
fund"  proA^ded  for  in  section  one  of  this  Act,  and  the 
deportation  from  such  port  shall  be  at  the  expense  of  the 
owner  or  owners  of  such  vessel  or  transportation  line  by 


142  THE   IMMIGEATION    SITUATION   IN    CANADA. 

Bond:  wliicli   sucli    aliens   respectively   came:  Provided,   That 

Releasing    ar-  pending  tlic  final  disposal  of  the  case  of  any  alien  so  taken 
rested  aliens  on.  ^^^  custody  lie  may  be  released  under  a  bond  in  the 
penalty  of  not  less  than  five  hundred  dollars  with  secur- 
ity approved  by  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor, 
conditioned    that   such    alien   shall    be    produced    when 
required  for  a  hearing  or  hearings  in  regard  to  the  charge 
upon  which  he  has  been  taken  into  custody,  and  for  depor- 
tation if  he  shall  be  found  to  be  unlawfully  within  the 
United  States. 
Deportation:        Sec.  21.  That  in  case  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and 
Of  aliens  sub-Labor  shall  be  satisfied  that  an  alien  has  been  found  in 
ject  thereto;        ^j-^^  United  States  in  violation  of  this  Act,  or  that  an  alien 
is  subject  to  deportation  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act 
or  of  any  law  of  the  United  States,  he  shall  cause  such 
alien  within  the  period  of  three  years  after  landing  or 
entry  therein  to  be  taken  into  custody  and  returned  to  the 
country  whence  he  came,  as  provided  by  section  twenty 
Penalty  against  (^f  ^his'  Act,  aiid  a  failure  or  refusal  on  the  part  of  the 

vessels  for  refusal  '      ,  .  /•  i      i 

to  deport  on  war- masters,  agcuts,  o\\^lers,  or  consignees  oi  vessels  to  com- 

^^^^''  ply  with  the  order  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and 

Labor  to  take  on  board,  guard  safely,  and  return  to  the 

country  whence  he  came  any  alien  ordered  to  be  deported 

under  the  provisions  of  this  Act  shall  be  punished  by  the 

imposition  of  the  penalties  prescribed  in  section  nineteen 

Attendants  for  of  this  Act :    Provided,  That  when  in  the  opinion  of  the 

deported  persons,  g^^^^^^^^^^  of  Commerce  and  Labor  the  mental  or  physical 

condition  of  such  alien  is  such  as  to  require  personal  care 

and  atten(hince,  he  may  employ  a  suitable  person  for  that 

purpose,  who  shall  accompany  such  alien  to  his  or  her 

final  destination,  and  the  expense  incident  to  such  service 

shall  be  defrayed  in  like  manner. 

.  .  Sec.  22.  That  the  Commissioner-General  of  Imniigra- 

Com  mission  or-     .  .  ,,..         ,  i,i  ii*  ii         u 

General:  tion,  111  addition  to  such  othcr  duties  as  may  by  law  beas- 

Dutiesof;        signed  to  him,  shall,  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary 
of  Commerce  and  Labor,  have  charge  of  the  administra- 
tion of  all  laws  relating  to  the  immigration  of  aliens  into 
the  United  States,  and  shall  have  the  control,  direction, 
and  supervision  of  all  officers,  clerks,  and  eniplo3^ees  ap- 
pointed thereunder.     He  shall  establish  such  rules  and 
regulations,  prescribe  such  forms  of  bond,  reports,  entries, 
and  other  papers,  and  shall  issue  from  time  to  time  such 
instructions,  not  inconsistent  with  law,  as  he  shall  deem 
best  calculated  for  carrying  out  the  provisions  of  this 
Act  and  for  protecting  the   United   States   and   aliens 
To  make  con- migrating  thereto  from  fraud  and  loss,  and  shall  have 
aii^^-^°'  "^^"'"^  °^  authority  to  enter  into  contract  for  the  support  and  relief 
of  such  aliens  as  may  fall  into  distress  or  need  public  aid ; 
ah  under  the  direction  or  with  the  approval  of  the  Secre- 
To  detail  offi-tary  of  Commerce  and  Labor.     And  it  shall  be  the  duty 
pubUcSLT'of  the  Commissioner-General  of  Inimigration  to  detail 
officers  of  the  immigration  service  from  time  to  time  as 
may  be  necessary,  in  his  judgment,  to  secure  information 
as  to  the  number  of  aliens  detained  in  the  penal,  reforma- 


THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  143 


tory,  and  charitable  institutions  (])iiblic  and  private)  of    commissioner.  i 
the  several  States  and  Territories,  the  District  of  Coluin-   *"*'*  " 

bia,  and  other  territory  of  the  United  States  and  to  in-  ; 

form  the  olllcers  of  such  institutions  of  the  provisions  of  i 

law  in  relation  to  the  deportation  of  aliens  who  have  be-    ^^  ^j^^.^.^^,  ^^^^^  \ 

come  public  charges:  Provided,  That  the  Commissioner- ccrs abroad.  j 

General  of  Immigration  may,  with  the  approval  of  the  ' 

Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  whenever  in  his  judg-  ^ 

ment  such  action  may  be  necessary  to  accomplish  the  pur-  ; 

poses  of  this  act,  detail  immigration  ofiicers,  and  also  i 

surgeons,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  section  | 

seventeen,  for  service  in  foreign  countries.  _        _  j 

Sec.  23.  That  the  duties  of  the  commissioners  of  immi-    Commission- 

gration  shall  be  of  an  administrative  character,  to  be  pre-"*''  \ 

scribed  in  detail  by  regulations  prepared,  under  the  direc-    Duties  of.  j 

tion  or  with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  l 

and  Labor.  ,        ,  i 

Sec.  24.  That  immigrant  inspectors  and  other  immi-    Employees:  j 
gration  ofiicers,  clerks,  and  employees,  shall  hereafter  be    Appointing  ' 
appointed  and  their  compensation  fixed  and  raised  or  de-  and  promoting. 
creased  from  time  to  time  by  the  Secretary  of  Commerce 
and  Labor,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  Commis- 
sioner-General of  Immigration  and  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  the  civil-service  Act  of  January  six- 
teenth,   eighteen    hundred    and    eighty-three:  Provided,  : 
That  said  Secretary,  in  the  enforcement  of  that  portion    ^^^^^^^^  ^_^^^^  : 
of  this  Act  which  excludes  contract  laborers,  may  employ,  lawsf  ""^    ''  "'  ] 
without  reference  to  the  provisions  of  the  said  civil  service    g^^^;.^,    ^^^^^._  \ 
Act,  or  to  the  various  Acts  relative  to  the  compilation  ofsion  for  enforce-  \ 
the  official  register,  such  persons  as  he  nuiy  deem  ad  visa-  ™®"  ° '  i 
ble  and  from  time  to  time  fix,  raise,  or  decrease  their  com-  | 
pensation.     lie  may  draw  from  the  "immigrant  fund"  I 
annually  fifty  thousand  dollars  or  as  much  thereof  as  1 
may  be  necessary,  to  be  expended  for  the  salaries  and  | 
expenses  of  persons  so  employed  and  for  expenses  inci-  j 
dent  to  such  employment ;  and  the  accounting  ofiicers  of  i 
the  Treasury  shall  pass  to  the  credit  of  the  proper  dis- 
bursing officer  expenditures  from  said  sum  without  item- 
ized account  whenever  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and 
Labor  certifies  that  an  itemized  account  would  not  be  for 
the  best  interests  of  the  Government:  Provided  further,    (,„,„, „,^,,„„. 
That  nothing  herein   contained   shall   be   construed   toers:  ' 
alter  the  mode  of  appointing  commissioners  of  immigra-    Appointing.  ' 
tion  at  the  several  ports  of  the  United  States  as  provided  ; 
by  the  sundry  civil  appropriation  Act  approved  August 
eighteenth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-four,  or  the  ofh-  s 
cial  status  of  such  commissioners  heretofore  appointed.  | 
Immigration  officers  shall  have  power  to  administer  oaths    immigration  j 
and  to  take  and  consider  evidence  touching  the  right  of  0"**'"^=  1 
any  alien  to  enter  the  United  States,  and,  where  such  ^j^^"^"^,^"'^  ''^  I 
action  may  be  necessary,  to  make  a  written  record  of    °"  ^" '  j 
such  evidence;  and  any  person  to  whom  such  an  oath    False  swearing  | 
has  been  admmistered  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act  ^^^''"''  p'"^^"'^'  j 
who  shall  Imowingly  or  wilfully  give  false  evidence  or  j 


144  THE   IMMIGKATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

Immigration  swear  t(>  till}"  false  statement  in  any  way  affecting  or  in 

officers:  relation  to  the  right  of  any  alien  to  admission  to  the 

United  States  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  perjury  and  be 

punished  as  provided  by  section  fifty-three  hundred  and 

Challenging  de-ninet3^-two,  United  States  Revised  Statutes.     The  deci- 

cisionof.  g-^^  ^£  ^^^^  such  officer,  if  favorable  to  the  admission  of 

any  alien,  shall  be  subject  to  challenge  by  any  other  immi- 

Boards  of  spe-  gratiou  officer,  and  such  challenge  shall  operate  to  take 

ciai  inquiry:      ^j^g  alien  whose  right  to  land  is  so  challenged  before  a 
Detaining  board   of  Special  inquiry  for  its   investigation.     Every 

aliens  for,  alien  wlio  may  not  appear  to  the  examming  immigrant 

inspector  at  the  port  ot  arrival  to  be  clearly  and  beyond 
a  doubt  entitled  to  land  shall  be  detained  for  examina- 
tion in  relation  thereto  by  a  board  of  special  inquir}^. 
Appointing;  g^^  25,  That  such  boards  of  special  inquiry  shall  be 
appointed  by  the  commissioner  of  immigration  at  the 
various  ports  of  arrival  as  may  be  necessary  for  the 
prompt  determination  of  all  cases  of  immigrants  de- 
tained at  such  ports  under  the  provisions  of  law.  Each 
board  shall  consist  of  three  members,  who  shall  be  se- 
lected from  such  of  the  immigrant  officials  in  the  service 
as  the  Commissioner-General  of  Immigration,  with  the 
approval  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  shall 
from  time  to  time  designate  as  qualified  to  serve  on  such 

^^other  officials ]3Qai-ds:  Provided,  That  at  ports  where  there  are  fewer 
than  three  immigrant  inspectors,  the  Secretary  of  Com- 
merce and  Labor,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  Com- 
missioner-General of  Immigration,  may  designate  other 
Uniteil  States  officials  for  service  on  such  boards  of  spe- 
Authorityof;  ^.j.^j  inquiry.  Such  boards  shall  have  authority  to  deter- 
mine whether  an  alien  who  has  been  duly  held  shall  be 

for^^^rivate  '"""showed  to  hiiul  or  shall  be  deported.  All  hearings  be- 
fore boards  shall  be  separate  and  apart  from  the  public, 
but  the  said '  boards  shall  keep  a  complete  permanent 
record  of  their  proceedings  ancl  of  all  such  testimony  as 
may  be  produced  before  them;  and  the  decision  of  any 
two  members  of  a  board  shall  prevail,  but  either  the  alien 
Appeals:         ^j.  ,^^^y  Ji^seiiting  member  of  the  said  board  may  appeal 

taking""'^'^  "Hlirougli  tlic  Commissioner  of  immigration  at  the  port  of 
arrival   and   the  Commissioner-General  of  Immigration 

b^efi'sofeiy upo"n  to  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  and  the  taking 

original  evidence;  of  such  appeal  shall  operate  to  stay  any  action  in  regard 
to  the  final  disposal  of  any  alien  whose  case  is  so  appealed 
until  the  receipt  by  the  commissioner  of  immigration  at 
the  port  of  arrival  of  such  decision,  which  shall  be  ren- 
dered solely  upon  the  evidence  adduced  before  the  board 

dMiSo^of Jfiicere^^  special  inquiry:  Provided,  That  in  every  case  where  an 

final;  alien  is  excluded  from  admission  into  the  United  States, 

under  any  law  or  treaty  now  existing  or  hereafter  made, 
the  decision  of  the  appropriate  immigration  officers,  if 
adverse  to  the  admission  of  such  alien,  shall  be  final, 
unless  reversed  on  appeal  to  the  Secretary  of  Commerce 
and  Labor;  but  nothing  in  this  section  shall  be  construed 

caSs*r^ectedVn° to  admit  of  any  appeal  in  the  case  of  an  alien  rejected  as 

der  section  10.     provided  for  in  section  ten  of  this  Act. 


THE  IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN    CANADA.  145 

Sec.  26.  That  any  alien  liable  to  be  excluded  because    Bonds: 
likely  to  become  a  public  charge  or  because  of  physical    Landing  under; 
disability  other  than  tuberculosis  or  a  loathsome  or  dan- p^ijl^^jl^^jt. cases 
gerous  contagious  disease  may,  if  otherwise  admissible, 
nevertheless  be  admitted  in  the  discretion  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  Commerce  and  Labor  upon  the  giving  of  a  suit- 
able and  proper  bond  or  undertaking,  approved  by  said 
Secretary  in  such  amount  and  containing  such  conditions 
as  he  may  prescribe,  to  the  people  of  tlie  United  States, 
holding  the  United  States  or  any  State,  Territory,  county, 
municipality,  or  district  thereof  harmless  against  such 
alien  becoming  a  public  charge.     The  admission  of  such 
alien  shall  be  a  consideration  for  the  giving  of  such  bond 
or  undertaking.     Suit  may  be  brought  thereon  in  the  upon°^^ 
name  and  by  the  proper  law  officers  either  of  the  United 
States  Government  or  of  any  State,  Territory,  district, 
county,  or  municipality  in  which  such  alien  becomes  a 
public  charge. 

Sec.  27.  That  no  suit  or  proceeding  for  a  violation  of    suits: 
the  provisions  of  this  Act  shall  be  settled,  compromised,    compromising, 
or  discontinued  without  the  consent  of  the  court  in  which  etc; 
it  is  pending,  entered  of  record,  with  the  reasons  therefor. 

Sec.  28.  That  nothing  contained  in  this  Act  shall  be^[^°der  ^^mer 
construed  to  affect  any  prosecution,  suit,  action,  or  pro- hereby, 
ceedings  brought,  or  any  act,  thing,  or  matter,  civil  or 
criminal,  done  or  existing  at  the  time  of  the  taking  effect 
of  this  Act;  but  as  to  all  such  prosecutions,  suits,  actions, 
proceedings,  acts,  things,  or  matters  the  laws  or  parts 
of  laws  repealed  or  amended  by  this  Act  are  hereby  con- 
tinued in  force  and  effect. 

Sec.  29.  That  the  circuit  and  district  courts  of  the  ^Jjoorts^.^//.^"" 
United  States  are  hereby  invested  with  full  and  concur-  " 

rent  jurisdiction  of  all  causes,  civil  and  criminal,  arising    Junsdunon. 
under  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  Act. 

Sec.  30.  That  all  exclusive  privileges  of  exchanging    Exclusive 
money,  transporting  passengers  or  baggage,  or  keeping  p"*  ""'5''^= 
eatmg  houses,  and  all  other  like  privileges  incomiection 
with  any  United  States  immigrant  station,  shall  be  dis-    How  granted; 
posed  of  after  public  competition,  subject  to  such  condi- 
tions  and  limitations   as  the  Commissioner-General   of 
Immigration,  under  the  direction  or  with  the  approval 
of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  may  prescribe: 
Provided,  That  no  intoxicating  liquors  shall  be  sold  in    proceeds  from, 
any  such  immigrant  station;  that  all  receipts  accruing -^n^fgrint' fund'."* 
from  the  disposal  of  such  exclusive  privileges  as  herein 
provided  shall  be  paid  into  the  Treasury  of  the  United 
States  to  the  credit  of  the  ''immigrant  fund"  provided 
for  in  section  one  of  this  Act. 

Sec.  3L  That  for  the  preservation  of  the  peace  and  in    Peace  omceis: 
order  that  arrests  may  be  made  for  crimes  under  the  hiws    Admission    to 
of  the  States  and  Territories  of  the  United  States  where  ^t^^""""- 
the  various  immigrant  stations  are  located,  the  officers  in 
charge  of  such  stations,  as  occasion  may  require,  shall 
35365— S.  Doc.  469,  61-2 10 


146  THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA. 

admit  therein  the  proper  state  and  municipal  officers 
charged  with  the  enforcement  of  such  laws,  and  for  the 
purpose  of  this  section  the  jurisdiction  of  such  officers 
and  of  the  local  courts  shall  extend  over  such  stations. 
Commissioner-  Sec.  32.  That  the  Commissioner-Gencral  of  Immigra- 
Generai:  tion,  Under  the  direction  or  with  the  approval  of  the  wSec- 

and°cOTtracts"forretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  shall  prescribe  rules  for 
inspection  on  the  cutrj  and  inspection  of  aliens  along  the  borders  of 
land  boundaries,  ^^^^^^j^  and  Mcxico,  SO  as  not  to  unnecessarily  delay, 
impede,  or  annoy  passengers  in  ordinary  travel  between 
the  United  States  and  said  countries,   and  shall  have 
power  to  enter  into  contracts  with  transportation  lines 
for  the  said  purpose, 
states"'*  *  *  ^      ^^^-  ^^-  "^^^^^  ^or  the  purpose  of  this  Act  the  term 
"United  States"  as  used  in  the  title  as  well  as  in  the  va- 
Meaning  of  j-j^^jg  sectious  of  this  Act  shall  be  construed  to  mean  the 
^^^'  United  States  and  any  waters,  territory,  or  other  place 

subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof,  except  the  Isthmian 
Canal  Zone:     Canal  Zone:  Provided,  That  if  any  alien  shall  leave  the 
Inspection  of  Canal  Zone  and  attempt  to  enter  any  other  place  under 
aliens  from.        ^hc  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States,  nothing  contained 
in  this  Act  shall  be  construed  as  permitting  him  to  enter 
under  any  other  conditions  than  those  applicable  to  all 
aliens. 
Commissioner:      Sec.  34.  That  the  Commissioner-Gcneral  of  Immigra- 
Appointmenttion,  with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and 
"eans*^  ^'^^^  ^'^" Labor,  may  appoint  a  commissioner  of  immigration  to 
discharge  at  New  Orleans,   Louisiana,   the   duties  now 
required  of  other  commissioners  of  immigration  at  their 
respective  posts. 
Deportation:        §^0.  35.  That  the  deportation  of  aliens  arrested  within 
To  be  to  trans  the  LTuited  States  after  entry  and  found  to  be  illegally 
oceanic  ports;      therein,  provided  for  in  this  Act,  shall  be  to  the  trans- 
Atlantic  or  trans-Pacific  ports  from  which  said   aliens 
embarked  for  the  United  States ;  or,  if  such  embarkation 
was  for  foreign  contiguous  territory,  to  the  foreign  port 
at  which  said  aliens  embarked  for  such  territory, 
in^uaiawfuif"'     ^^^'  ^^-  "^^^^^  ^^^  aliens  who  shall  enter  the  United 
wStates  except  at  the  seaports  thereof,  or  at  such  place  or 
places  as  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor  may 
irom  time  to  time  designate,  shall  be  adjudged  to  have 
entered  the  country  unlawfully  and  shall  be  deported  as 
provided  by  sections  twenty  and  twenty-one  of  this  Act: 
^^^'^^'' Provided,  That  nothing  contained  in  this  section  shall 
naTe"d  ^  on^'fjid  ^ffcct  the  powcr  Conferred  by  section  thirty-two  of  this 
borders.  Act  U])on  the  Commissioner-General  of  Immigration  to 

prescribe  rules  for  the  entry   and  inspection  of   aliens 
along  the  borders  of  Canada  and  Mexico. 
Admission:  Sec.  37.  That  whenever  an  alien  shall  have  taken  up 

Of  diseased  wife  his  permanent  residence  in  this  country,  and  shall  have 
of  aiien'^who^hl"  filed  his  declaration  of  intention  to  become  a  citizen,  and 
declared  ,inten- thereafter  shall  send  for  his  wife   or  minor  children  to 

tion    to    become ..  .  .,        .„  „         -ii-ii  iiii 

citizen.  join  him,  II  said  Wile  or  any  oi  said  children  sliali  be 

found  to  be  affected  with  any  contagious  disorder,  such 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION    IN    CAN.ADA.  147 

wife  or  children  shall  be  held,  under  such  regulations  as    Admission: 
the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor  shall  pres('ril)e,  { 

until  it  shall  be  determined  whether  the  disorder  will  be  } 

easily  curable,  or  whether  they  can  be  permitted  to  land  ', 

without  danger  to  other  persons;  and  they  shall  not  be 
either  admitted  or  deported  until  such  facts  have  been 
ascertained ;  and  if  it  shall  be  determined  that  the  dis- 
order is  easily  curable  or  that  they  can  be  permitted  to 
land  without  danger  to  other  persons,  they  shall,  if  other-  i 

wise  admissible,  thereupon  be  admitted.  J 

Sec.  38.  That  no  person  who  disbelieves  in  or  who  is    Anarchists: 
opposed  to  all  organized  government,  or  who  is  a  member    Not  to  be  ad- 
01  or  affiliated  with  any  organization  entertaining  and"""^^= 
teaching  such  disbelief  in  or  opposition  to  all  organized 
government,  or  who  advocates  or  teaches  the  duty,  neces-  J 

sity,  or  propriety  of  the  unlawful  assaulting  or  killing  of 
any  officer  or  officers,  either  of  specific  individuals  or  of 
officers  generally,  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States 
or  of  any  other  organized  government,  because  of  his  or  : 

their  official  character,  shall  be  permitted  to  enter  the  ; 

United  States  or  any  territory  or  place  subject  to  the  i 

jurisdiction  thereof.     This  section  shall  be  enforced  by  I 

the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor  under  such  rules  j 

and  regulations  as  he  shall  prescribe.     That  any  person 
who  knowingly  aids  or  assists  any  such  person  to  enter 
the  United  States  or  any  territory  or  place  subject  to  the  sist^fg^lo^enter^ 
jurisdiction  thereof,  or  who  connives  or  conspires  with  any  " 

person  or  persons  to  allow,  procure,  or  permit  any  such  , 

person  to  enter  therein,  except  pursuant  to  such  rules  and  .; 

regulations  made  by  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  La-  j 

bor  shall  be  fined  not  more  than  five  thousand  dollars,  or  j 

imprisoned  for  not  more  than  five  years,  or  both.  \ 

Sec.  39.  That  a  commission  is  hereby  created,  consist- cJnTmiss^ion!'""  j 

ing  of  three  Senators,  to  be  appointed  by  the  President 
of  the  Senate,  and  three  members  of  the  House  of  Repre-   How  appointed; 
sentatives,  to  be  appointed  by  the  Speaker  of  the  House  ; 

of  Representatives,  and  three  persons,  to  be  appointed  by  : 

the  President  of  the  United  States.  Said  commission 
shall  make  full  inquiry,  examination,  and  investigation 
by  subcommittee  or  otherwise  into  the  subject  of  immi- (j^ti^^""*^'  ^^^  \ 

gration.     For  the  purpose  of  said  inquiry,  examination,  i 

and  investigation,  said  commission  is  authorized  to  send 
for  persons  and  papers,  make  all  necessar}^  travel,  either 
in  the  United  States  or  any  foreign  country,  and,  tlirough  ; 

the  chairman  of  the  commission  or  any  member  thereof  to 
administer  oaths  and  to  exariiine  \\'itnesses  and  papers  j 

respecting  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  subject,  and  to  \ 

employ   necessary   clerical    and   other   assistance.     Said  j 

commission  shall  report  to  the  Congress  the  conclusions 
reached  by  it  and  make  such  recommendations  as  in  its  , 

judgment  may  seem  proper.     Such  sums  of  money  as  may  ij^^^^^PfJ^^*"®  °'' 
be  necessary  for  the  said  inquiry,  examination,  and  inves- 
tigation are  hereby  appropriated  and  authorized  to  be  • 
paid  out  of  the  "immigrant  fund"  on  the  certificate  of 


148  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

the  chairman  of  said  commission,  inckiding  all  expenses 
of  the  commissioners  and  a  reasonable  compensation,  to 
be  fixed  b}"  the  President  of  the  United  States,  for  those 
Co^n/erence-"""'  members  of  the  commission  who  are  not  members  of  Con- 
"presTdTnt   au- g^css ;  and  the  President  of  the  United  States  is  also 
thorized   to   ar- authorized,  in  the  name  of  the  Government  of  the  United 
range  for;  States,  to  Call,  in  his  discretion,  an  international  confer- 

ence, to  assemble  at  such  point  as  may  be  agreed  upon,  or 
to  send  special  commissioners  to  any  foreign  country,  for 
the  purpose  of  regulating  by  international  agreement, 
Purpose  of.      subjcct  to  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate  of  the 
United  States,  the  immigration  of  aliens  to  the  United 
States;  of  pro^'iding  for  the  mental,  moral,  and  physical 
examination  of  such  aliens  by  American  consuls  or  other 
officers  of  tlie  United  States  Government  at  the  ports  of 
embarkation,  or  elsewhere;  of  securing  the  assistance  of 
foreign  governments  in  their  own  territories  to  prevent 
the  evasion  of  the  laws  of  the  United  States  governing 
immigration  to  the  United  States;  of  entering  into  such 
international  agreements  as  may  be  proper  to  prevent  the 
immigration  of  aliens  who,  under  the  laws  of  the  United 
States,  are  or  may  bo  excluded  from  entering  the  United 
States,  and  of  regulating  any  matters  pertaining  to  such 
immigration. 
Information      Sec.  40.  Authority  is  hereby  given  the  Commissioner- 
division:  General  of  Immigration  to  establish,  under  the  direction 
Establishment  and  coutrol  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  a 
°^'  division  of  information  in  the  Bureau  of  Immigration 
and  Naturalization;  and  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and 
Labor  shall  provide  such  clerical  assistance  as  may  be 
thoii/y'of!"''^  ^"'necessary.     It  shall  be  the  tluty  of  said  division  to  pro- 
mote a  beneficial  distribution  of  aliens  admitted  into  the 
United  States  among  the  several  States  and  Territories 
desiring  immigration.     Correspondence  shall  be  had  with 
the  proper  oificials  of  the  States  and  Territories,  and  said 
division  shall  gather  from  all   availal)le  sources  useful 
information  regarding  the  resources,  products,  and  phys- 
ical characteristics  of  each  State  and  Territory,  and  shall 
publish  such  information  in  difl'erent  languages  and  dis- 
tribute the  publications  among  all  admitted  aliens  who 
mav  ask  for  such  information  at  the  immigrant  stations 
of  the  L^nited  States  and  to  such  other  persons  as  may 
state  agents:  ^q^[j^q  the  same.     When  any  State  or  Territory  appoints 
Appointment  and  maintains  an  agent  or  agents  to  represent  it  at  any 
andjtationingat^j  the  immigrant  stations  of  the  United  States,  such 
Courtesies  to;    ageiits  shall.  Under  regulations  prescribed  by  the  Com- 
nnssioner-General  of  Immigration,  subject  to  the  approval 
of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  have  access  to 
aliens  who  have  been  admitted  to  the  United  States  for 
the  purpose  of  presenting,  either  orally  or  in  AVTiting,  the 
special  inducements  oft'ered  by  such  State  or  Territory  to 
Control  of.       aliens  to  settle  therem.     While  on  duty  at  any  immigrant 
station  such  agents  shall  be  subject  to  all  the  regulations 
prescribed  by  the  Commissioner-General  of  Immigration, 


THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION   IN    CANADA.  149 

who,  ^^^tl^  the  approval  of  the  Secretar}^  of  Commerce 
and  Labor,  may,  for  violation  of  any  such  regulations, 
deny  to  the  agent  guilty  of  such  violation  any  of  the 
privileges  herein  granted. 

Sec.  41.  That  nothing  in  this  Act  shall  be  construed  to  cifisf'^    '*'"' 
apply  to  accredited  oflicials  of  foreign  governments  nor.  Exempted 

I  I    -^  .  .  „         ...  to      in  from  provisions 

to  their  suites,  lamilies,  or  guests.  hereof. 

Sec.  42.  It  shall  not  be  lawful  for  the  master  of  a  steam-  „  AlL^datorj  of 
ship  or  other  vessel  whereon  immigrant  passengers,  or 
passengers  other  than  cabin  passengers,  have  been  taken 
at  any  port  or  place  in  a  foreign  country  or  dominion 
(ports  and  places  in  foreign  territory  contiguous  to  the 
United  States  excepted)  to  bring  such  vessel  and  pas- 
sengers to  any  port  or  place  in  the  United  States  unless 
the  compartments,  spaces,  and  accommodations  herein- 
after mentioned  have  been  provided,  allotted,  maintained, 
and  used  for  and  by  such  passengers  during  the  entire 
voyage;  that  is  to  say,  in  a  steamship,  the  compartments 
or  spaces,  unobstructed  by  cargo,  stores,  or  goods,  shall 
be  of  sufhcient  dimensions  to  allow  for  each  and  every 
passenger  carried  or  brought  therein  eighteen  clear  super- 
ficial feet  of  deck  allotted  to  his  or  her  use,  if  the  com- 
j)artment  or  space  is  located  on  the  main  deck  or  on  the 
first  deck  next  below  the  main  deck  of  the  vessel,  and 
twenty  clear  superficial  feet  of  deck  allotted  to  his  or 
her  use  for  each  passenger  carried  or  brought  therein  if 
the  compartment  or  space  is  located  on  the  second  deck 
below  the  main  deck  of  the  vessel:  Provided,  That  if  the 
height  between  the  lower  passenger  deck  and  the  deck 
immediately  above  it  is  less  than  seven  feet,  or  if  the  ap- 
ertures (exclusive  of  the  side  scuttles)  through  which 
light  and  air  are  admitted  together  to  the  lower  passen- 
ger deck  are  less  in  size  than  in  the  proportion  of  three 
square  feet  to  every  one  hundred  superficial  feet  of  that 
deck,  the  ship  shall  not  carry  a  greater  number  of  passen- 
gers on  that  deck  than  in  the  proportion  of  one  passen- 
ger to  every  thirty  clear  superficial  feet  thereof.  It  shall 
not  be  lawful  to  carry  or  bring  passengers  on  any  deck 
other  than  the  decks  above  mentioned.  And  in  sailing 
vessels  such  passengers  shall  be  carried  or  brought  only 
on  the  deck  (not  being  an  orlop  deck)  that  is  next  below 
the  main  deck  of  the  vessel,  or  in  a  poop  or  deck  house 
constructed  on  the  main  deck;  and  the  compartment  or 
space,  unobstructed  by  cargo,  stores,  or  goods,  shall  be  of 
sufficient  dimensions  to  allow  one  hundred  and  ten  cubic 
feet  for  each  and  every  passenger  brought  therein.  And 
such  passenger  shall  not  be  carried  or  brought  in  any  be- 
tween decks,  nor  in  any  compartment,  space,  poop,  or 
deck  house,  the  height  of  which  from  deck  to  deck  is  less 
than  six  feet.  In  computing  the  number  of  such  pas- 
sengers carried  or  brought  in  any  vessel,  children  under 
one  year  of  age  shall  not  be  included,  and  two  children 
between  one  and  eight  years  of  age  shall  be  counted  as  one 
passenger;    and  any  person  brought  in  any  such  vessel 


150  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA, 

Anientiiuory  of  ^l^Q  gj^all  liave  been,  during  the  voyage,  taken  from  any 
nav  ga  on  dc ,  ^^^^^^  vessel  Wrecked  or  in  distress  on  the  high  seas,  or 
have  been  picked  up  at  sea  from  any  boat,  raft,  or  other- 
wise, shall  not  be  included  in  such  computation.  The 
master  of  a  vessel  coming  to  a  port  or  place  in  the  United 
States  in  violation  of  either  of  the  provisions  of  this  sec- 
tion shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor;  and  if  the 
number  of  passengers  other  than  cabin  passengers  carried 
or  brought  in  the  vessel,  or  in  any  compartment,  space, 
poop,  or  deck  liouse  thereof,  is  greater  than  tlie  number 
allowed  to  be  carried  or  brought  therein,  respectively,  as 
hereinbefore  prescribed,  the  said  master  shall  be  fined 
fifty  clollars  for  each  and  every  passenger  in  excess  of  the 
proper  number,  and  may  also  be  imprisoned  not  exceed- 
ing six  months. 

This  section  shall  take  effect  on  January  first,  nineteen 
hundred  and  nine. 
Repealing     Sec.  43.  That  the  Act  of  March  third,  nineteen  hun- 
ciause:  ^^^^^^  ^^^^  three,  being  an  Act  to  regulate  the  immigration 

of  aliens  into  the  United  States,  except  section  thirty- 
four  thereof,  and  the  Act  of  March  twenty-second,  nine- 
teen hundred  and  four,  being  an  Act  to  extend  the  exemp- 
tion from  head  tax  to  citizens  of  Newfoundland  enter- 
ing the  United  States,  and  all  Acts  and  parts  of  Acts 
Exceptions,  inconsistent  with  this  Act  are  hereby  repealed :  Provided, 
That  this  Act  shall  not  be  construed  to  repeal,  alter,  or 
amend  existing  laws  relating  to  the  immigration  or  ex- 
clusion of  Chinese  persons  or  persons  of  Chinese  descent, 
nor  to  repeal,  alter,  or  amend  section  six,  chapter  four 
hundred  and  fifty-three,  third  session  Fifty-eighth  Con- 
gress, approved  "February  sixth,  nineteen  hundred  and 
five,  or,  ])rior  to  January  first,  nineteen  hundred  and  nine, 
section  one  of  the  Act  approved  August  second,  eighteen 
hundred  and  eighty-two,  entitled  "An  Act  to  regulate 
the  carriage  of  passengers  by  sea." 
When  effective.  Sec.  44.  That  this  Act  shall  take  effect  and  be  enforced 
from  and  after  July  first,  nineteen  hundred  and  seven: 
Provided,  however,  That  section  thirty-nine  of  this  Act 
and  the  last  proviso  of  section  one  shall  take  effect  upon 
the  passage  of  this  Act  and  section  forty-two  on  January 
first,  nineteen  hundreil  and  nine. 

Approved  February  20,  1907.     (34  Stat.,  pt.  1,  p.  898.) 


Appendix  D. 

OFFICIAL  CIRCULAR  OF  CANADIAN  SUPERINTENDENT  OF 

IMMIGRATION. 

IN    RE 

exclusion  of  over-seas  immigrants. 

Department  of  the  Interior,  Canada, 

Ottawa,  June  4,  1909. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  Immiojration  Act  at  present  in  force 
has  been  amended  several  times,  and  that  in  accordance  with  its 
provisions  its  express  terms  have  been  supplemented  by  several 
Orders  in  Council,  there  is  a  possibility  of  misunderstanding  arising 
between  the  several  steamsliip  and  railway  companies  and  the 
Immigration  Department  in  the  application  of  its  exclusion  provisions. 

As  a  help  towards  avoiding  such  misunderstanding  it  seems  advisable 
that  the  immigration  policy  of  the  Canadian  Government  and  the 
understanding  of  the  Interior  Department  of  the  exclusion  provisions 
of  the  Immigration  Act  should  be  stated  as  shortly  and  plainly  although 
informall}^  as  possible: 

(1)  Money  is  expended  and  administration  is  exercised  with  the 
object  of  securing  immigrants  whose  purpose  in  life  is  to  occupy 
farm  lands,  either  as  owners,  tenants,  or  laborers. 

(2)  Money  is  voted  and  administration  is  exercised  with  the  object 
of  excluding  those  whose  presence  in  Canada  would  tend  to  add  to 
the  congestion  of  our  towns  and  cities. 

Immigration  effort  is  made  in  those  countries  which  are  considered 
most  likely  to  furnish  the  people  coming  within  the  first  of  the  two 
classes  above  specified. 

No  immigration  effort  is  made  in  those  countries  which  are  con- 
sidered hkely  to  furnish  the  people  coming  within  the  second  class. 

The  Act  is  interpreted  and  its  administration  conducted  throughout, 
to  give  effect  to  the  above  two  distinct  lines  of  policy. 

Certain  of  the  exclusion  provisions  of  the  Immigration  Act  are 
mandatory  and  apply  equally  to  the  people  of  every  class  and  of  every 
country.  These  are  the  pro^dsions  which  exclude  the  physically, 
mentally,  or  morally  unfit. 

Other  provisions  exclude  for  financial  or  other  reasons  not  physical, 
mental,  or  moral. 

These  provisions  exclude: 

(1)  Charity  aided  immigrants. 

(2)  Europeans  who  have  in  possession  less  than  S2.5  in  cash  besides 
ticket  to  destination,  and  Asiatics  who  have  less  than  S200  besides 

151 


152  THE   IMMIGEATION    SITUATION   IN    CANADA. 

ticket  to  destination;  excepting  citizens  of  China  or  Japan,  in  regard 
to  whom  there  are  special  arrangements.  (Chinese  must  pay  $500 
liead  tax;  Japanese  must  have  in  possession  $25  cash  and  a  passport.) 

(3)  Immigrants  who  do  not  come  by  continuous  passage  from, 
and  on  ticket  purchased  in,  the  country  of  their  birth  or  citizenship. 

Provision  is  made  for  relaxing  the  first  of  these  causes  of  exclusion 
in  the  case  of  persons  who  have  been  inspected  and  approved  before 
sailing  by  the  Assistant  Superintendent  of  Emigration  for  Canada  in 
England.     No  other  relaxation  will  l)e  made. 

In  regard  to  the  second,  provision  is  made  for  relaxation  (a)  in  the 
case  of  persons  going  to  friends  permanently  resident  in  Canada,  who 
are  capable  of  supporting  them,  and  (b)  in  the  case  of  those  going  to 
assured  emploj^ment. 

The  relaxation  in  the  case  of  persons  going  to  friends  onl}"  applies 
to  persons  ordinarily  dependent  on  such  friends ;  that  is,  wife  or  chil- 
dren going  to  husband  or  father;  brother  or  sister  going  to  brother, 
minors  going  to  married  or  independent  sisters,  or  parents  going  to 
children  capable  of  supporting  them. 

The  provision  as  to  relaxation  of  the  money  qualification,  because 
going  to  assured  employment,  is  dealt  with  as  follows: 

(a)  Immigrants  from  countries,  other  than  those  in  which  immi- 

f ration  effort  is  being  made  by  Canada,  can  not  be  assumed  by  the 
mmigration  Officials  to  be  going  to  assured  employment,  and  there- 
fore each  individual  will  be  required  to  produce  the  amount  of  money 
the  regulations  call  for. 

(6)  In  view  of  the  difficulties  encountered  by  non-English  speaking 
immigrants  in  securing  employment,  even  though  coming  from  the 
countries  in  which  immigration  eifort  is  being  made  (in  case  of  their 
not  having  the  money  required  and  ticket  to  destination),  the  agent 
must  be  satisfied  by  evidence  which  he  must  record  that  such  immi- 
grant is  going  to  assured  employment  at  farm  work.  (The  over-sea 
countries  in  which  immigration  effort  is  made  are:  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland,  France,  Belgium,  Holland,  Germany,  Denmark,  Ice- 
land, Norway,  Sweden,  and  Switzerland.) 

(c)  In  case  of  English-speaking  immigrants,  while  the  steamship 
companies  must  be  prepared  at  all  times  for  a  strict  enforcement  of 
the  money  requirement,  the  agent  may,  in  case  the  immigrant  is 
otherwise  desirable,  accept  a  reasonable  assurance  that  he  wiU  find 
employment,  provided  such  emploj'ment  is  at  farm  work. 

Regarding  the  third  cause  for  exclusion:  All  immigrants  who  are 
unable  to  satisfy  the  agent  either  that  they  have  independent  means 
of  support  or  that  they  are  suited  to  farm  work  and  mtend  to  engage 
in  it,  are  liable  to  be  excluded  under  the  indirect  passage  provision. 

The  officials  of  the  Immigration  Department  at  ocean  ports  are  being 
instructed  that  they  will  be  held  strictly  to  account  for  the  enforce- 
ment of  the  Act  in  accordance  with  the  foregoing  statement  of  its 
terms. 


Appendix  E. 

OFFICIAL    CIRCULAR    TO    BOOKING    AGENTS    IN    THE    UNITED 

KINGDOM. 

supplementary  circular. 

Immigration  Branch, 
Department  of  the  Interior, 

Ottawa,  Novemher  15,  1906. 

To  Boohing  Agents  in  the  United  Kingdom: 

It  is  the  desire  of  the  Immigration  Department  of  Canada  to  have 
the  most  friendly  rehitions  with  the  Booking  Agents  of  the  United 
Kingdom.  With  a  view  to  preventing  misunderstanding  it  is  deemed 
desirable  to  set  forth  in  plain  terms  the  purpose  of  the  Government 
of  Canada  in  pursuing  an  active  immigration  policy  and  the  reasons 
governing  it  in  the  conduct  of  that  policy. 

The  bonus  to  Booking  Agents  of  £1  on  adults  and  10  shillings  on 
children  between  one  and  eighteen  is  given  to  make  it  worth  while 
for  the  Booking  Agent  to  use  his  best  exertions  in  securing  for 
Canada  the  particular  classes  of  people  upon  whom  the  bonus  is  paid. 

In  a  country  with  a  population  of  nearly  fifty  millions,  such  as  the 
United  Kingdom,  which  has  no  new  territory  for  occupation,  there 
must  necessarily  be  a  large  yearly  increase  of  population,  which  must 
either  find  an  outlet  or  add  to  the  congestion  of  the  great  cities. 
Every  year  there  is  a  very  large  movement  of  people  from  the  United 
Kingdom  to  North  America.  For  a  long  time  the  larger  part  of  this 
yearly  movement  went  to  the  United  States  and  a  very  small  part  to 
Canada.  That  which  went  to  the  United  States  was  lost  to  the 
Empire;  the  part  which  went  to  Canada  aided  in  building  up  the 
Empire. 

It  is  not  the  expectation  of  the  Government  of  Canada  to  increase 
unduly  the  outflow  of  people  from  the  United  Kingdom,  but  it  is  its 
desire  to  turn  to  the  benefit  of  the  Empire  in  Canada  a  greater  pro- 
portion of  the  natural  and  necessary  annual  outflow  from  the  mother 
country.  . 

The  Canadian  Government  in  confining  the  bonus  to  emigrants  ot 
certain  callings  has  selected  those  callings  which  may  fairly  be  ex- 
pected to  fit  people  for  the  opportunities  existing  in  Canada.  By 
making  special  exertions  to  secure  these  classes  for  Canada,  the  Book- 
ing Agents  will  be  doing  their  best  for  the  emigrants  themselves,  for 
Canada,  and  for  the  Empire.  i    •     j  u 

It  is  believed  that,  although  the  classes  particularly  desired  by 
Canada  might  find  a  field  for  employment  at  home,  the  removal  each 
year  of  some  part  of  the  natural  increase  there  will  leave  room  and 

153 


154  THE    IMMIGEATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

opportunity  for  others  who  would,  under  other  circumstances,  be 
crowded  out  of  these  advantages. 

The  classes  of  people  on  whom  bonus  is  paid  by  the  Canadian  Gov- 
ernment are  expected,  by  reason  of  their  experience  at  home,  to  find 
scope  for  their  abilities  in  the  occupation  of  the  vacant  lands  of 
Canada,  in  employment  upon  the  lands  now  occupied  and  cultivated, 
or  in  the  railway  development  now  in  progress.  And  while  it  is  not 
asserted  that  people  of  other  callings  or  conditions  of  life  should  not 
come  to  Canada,  or  may  not  find  a  career  open  to  them  in  this  coun- 
try, it  is  desired  to  have  it  well  understood  that  the  Government  of 
Canada  assumes  no  responsibility  with  respect  to  any  other  immi- 
gration than  that  of  the  classes  mentioned  as  eligible  for  bonus  pay- 
ment. It  is  not  asserted  that  the  farmer  or  farm  labourer  is  necessaril}" 
a  more  desirable  citizen  than  any  other,  but  it  is  a  simple  fact  that 
the  demand  in  Canada  is  for  people  to  occupy  the  as  yet  vacant  lands 
of  the  country,  to  aid  in  the  cultivation  of  those  already  occupied,  and 
also  to  assist  in  providing  additional  transportation  facilities.  This 
it  is  which  justifies  the  Government  in  assuming  the  expense  of  immi- 
gration effort.  To  go  beyond  the  attempt  to  meet  these  require- 
ments would  be  to  use  the  money  of  certam  classes  of  Canadian  tax- 
payers for  the  purpose  of  securing  competitors  against  them  in  their 
several  callings,  for  which  they  would  naturally  hold  the  Government 
to  account. 

For  these  reasons  Booking  Agents  will  be  good  enough  to  inider- 
stand  that  the  present  largo  bonus  is  only  offered  to  secure  tlie  fidlest 
compliance  with  its  conditions,  and  they  must  expect  the  oliicialsof 
the  Immigration  Branch  to  look  strictly  into  every  bonus  claim  made, 
not  as  showing  any  lack  of  faith  in  the  Booking  Agents  or  as  dis- 
criminating against  any  class  of  people,  but  simply  as  a  matter  of 
business  to  make  sm-e  that  money  is  not  being  paid  except  on  the 
due  fulfilment  of  conditions  that  have  the  sanction  of  all  classes  of 
the  Canadian  people,  who,  in  fact,  are  paying  tlie  money. 

In  the  circular  of  Alarch  20th  last,  announcing  the  payment  of  £1 
bonus,  it  was  required  that  the  person  eligible  by  reason  of  his  calling 
should  be  then  employed  in  that  calling  and  had  been  so  employed 
for  at  least  one  year.  This  condition  is  altennl  in  the  new  circular 
forwarded  herewith  so  that  the  requirement  is  now  that  the  ;person 
shall  have  been  in  such  employment  for  at  least  one  year,  without 
special  regard  as  to  when  that  was,  and  the  list  of  questions  to  be 
answered  by  the  emigrant  when  applying  for  ticket  has  been  altered 
accordingly. 

In  the  circular  of  March  20th  bonus  was  restricted  to  persons  of  cer- 
tain classes  therein  mentioned,  who  signified  their  intention  of  fol- 
lowing farming  in  Canada.  This  provision  has  been  amended  by 
adding  "or  railway  construction  work,"  so  that  whether  the  imme- 
diate intention  is  that  of  following  farming  or  securing  employment 
in  railway  construction  work  the  person  is  eligible  for  bonus. 

These  changes  enlarge  the  number  of  people  upon  whom  bonus  may 
properly  be  paid,  but  as  they  enlarge  the  number  and  to  that  degree 
are  to  the  advantage  of  the  Booking  Agent,  so  the  olhcials  of  the 
Department  may  be  expected  to  hold  more  closely  to  the  express 
terms  of  the  circular  issued  and  to  the  intent  which  its  terms  express. 

It  is  important  that  the  provisions  of  the  C^anadian  immigration 
Act  of  last  Session,  prohibiting  the  landing  in  Canada  of  certain  classes 


I 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  155 

of  people,  should  be  carefully  studied,  (copy  herewith),  so  that  the 
Booking  Agent  will  understand  thoroughly  that  for  his  own  credit 
and  the  advantage  of  his  business  he  will  not  book  ])e()ple  of  these 
classes.  They  are  liable  to  be  returned  to  the  place  from  whence 
they  came  at  the  expense  of  the  steamship  company.  This  liability 
exists  for  two  yeare  after  their  landing  in  Canada.  It  will  be  noticed 
that  the  following  classes  of  people  are  prohibited  from  landing  and 
are  subject  to  deportation  within  two  years: — Feeble-minded,  idiotic, 
insane,  or  who  have  been  insane  within  five  years,  afflicted  with  any 
loathsome,  contagious,  or  infectious  disease;  anyone  who  is  a  pauper, 
who  is  destitute,  who  is  a  professional  beggar  or  vagrant,  or  who  is 
likely  to  become  a  public  charge;  any  prostitute  or  person  who  lives 
by  the  proceeds  of  prostitution;  or  any  convicted  crmiinal.  Persons 
who  are  deaf  and  dumb,  blind,  or  infirm  may  be  admitted  if  accom- 
panietl  by  members  of  the  family  who  will  be  responsible  for  their 
support  and  safekeeping.  Unless  so  accompanied  they  are  subject 
to  deportation. 

Bonuses  are  only  payable  on  passengers  travelhng  by  lines  which 
land  at  Canadian  ports  or  at  Portland,  Ale.,  during  winter,  and  only 
on  persons  who  are  British  subjects. 

In  the  past  it  has  been  found  necessary  on  occasion  to  discontinue 
business  relations  with  booking  agencies  for  various  reasons,  such  as 

Eresentation  of  improper  claims,  booking  of  undesirables,  the  special 
ooking  of  artisans  under  contract,  and  improper  advertising.  It  is 
hoped  that  no  difiiculties  of  this  kind  will  arise  in  future;  but  as  the 
Imnngration  Department  is  a  part  of  the  public  business  of  Canada, 
it  is  necessary  that  its  work  and  connections  should  be  kept  clear  of 
misunderstandings  of  every  kind.  The  Department  would  prefer 
not  to  have  relations  with  any  agency  with  which  it  might  find  itself 
at  cross-purposes,  and  whose  actions  might  subject  its  work  to 
misrepresentation. 

In  the  past  it  has  not  been  the  practice  of  the  Department  to  pay 
bonus  on  first-class  passengers.  This  has  not  been  because  such  pay- 
ment was  contrary  to  the  intent  of  the  bonus  system,  if  such  pas- 
sengers were  of  the  classes  listed  for  bonus,  but  because  first-class 
passengers  are  not  subject  to  inspection  on  arrival  in  Canada,  and 
therefore  the  Department  had  no  means  of  checking  the  propriety 
of  the  payments.  If,  however.  Booking  Agents  will  avail  themselves 
of  the  provision  contained  in  the  circular  herewith,  which  is  the  same 
as  was  contained  in  the  circular  of  March  20,  1906,  by  securing  a 
certificate  from  one  of  the  accredited  Agents  of  the  Department  in  the 
United  Kingdom,  as  therein  provided,  the  bonus  will  be  paid,  but 
not  otherwise. 

The  provision  for  granting  certificates  in  the  United  Kingdom  by 
emigration  agents  to  insure  payment  of  bonus  is  permissive  and  not 
compulsory.  If  such  a  certificate  is  grantecl  in  proper  form  the 
Immigration  Department  will  not  question  the  payment  of  the  bonus. 
If  such  a  certificate  is  not  secured,  then  the  payment  of  the  bonus 
must  depend  upon  the  examination  by  the  immigration  olficer  at 
the  port  of  landing.  It  is  because  of  the  necessity  of  inspection  at 
port  of  landing  that  it  has  been  found  necessary  to  restrict  payment 
of  bonuses  on  emigrant  passengers  to  those  landing  at  Canadian 
ports,  with  the  exception  of  those  landing  at  Portland,  Me.,  during 
winter. 


156  THE    IMMIGEATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

Previous  to  issue  of  circular  of  Alarch  20,  1906,  there  was  some 
discrimination  in  bonuses  paid  under  certain  circumstances,  but  with 
the  coming  into  effect  of  that  circuhir,  the  terms  of  which  are  repeated 
in  the  accompanying  circuhir,  all  booking  agencies  were  placed  on  an 
equal  footing,  the  same  bonus  being  paid  under  the  same  conditions 
in  all  cases.  It  is  the  desire  of  the  Immigration  Department  to  deal 
cjuite  fairly  with  all  booking  agencies,  the  result  aimed  at  being  to 
secure  desirable  emigrants  for  t-anada  up  to  the  j^early  requirements 
of  the  country. 

It  is  not  in  the  interest  of  the  individual  emigrant  that  he  should 
remove  to  Canada  unless  there  is  reasonable  prospect  of  his  success 
here.  The  arrival  of  any  large  number  of  immigrants  in  this  country 
who  are  unfitted  for  the  conditions  here  must  necessarily  react 
against  the  continuance  of  the  emigration  movement.  In  spite  of 
the  fact  that  his  failure  to  succeed  is  due  to  personal  causes,  the 
unsuccessful  man  will  blame  the  country,  and  complain  to  his  friends 
at  home,  thereby  deterring  them  from  coming  out,  antl  the  efforts  of 
the  Immigration  De})artment  will  be  discredited  with  the  people  of 
Canada,  who  will  therefore  withdraw  their  sup})ort  from  those  efforts. 
The  men  wanted  in  Canada  are  those  who  will  do  well  here,  who  are 
recognized  in  the  United  Kingdom  as  being  fit,  but  who  are  looking 
for  the  wuder  opportunities  of  the  new  country,  not  to  be  found  at 
home.  The  efforts  of  the  Canadian  Immigration  Department  are  not 
directed  towards  those  who  are  merely  looking  for  a  place  where  they 
may  live,  but  towards  those  who,  while  they  are  able  to  live  under 
present  conditions  in  the  United  Kingdom,  are  on  the  lookout  for  an 
opportunity  to  better  their  position  in  life. 

It  is  suggested  that  Bookmg  Agents  take  for  future  reference  the 
home  address  of  the  emigrant  upon  whom  bonus  is  to  be  claimed 
and  also  that  of  some  of  his  relatives  remaining  at  home. 

It  is  the  desire  of  the  Immigration  Department  that  its  work  in  the 
United  Kingdom  shall  be  carried  on  in  cooperation  with  the  licensed 
booking  agencies.  So  far  as  possible,  literature  and  samples  of 
products  will  be  supj)lie(l  to  booking  agents  on  application,  and  our 
salaried  Agents  are  instructed  to  reply  promptly  to  all  communica- 
tions received  from  Booking  Agents,  and  to  give  all  ])roper  informa- 
tion, and  all  the  assistance  in  their  })ower  to  the  legitimate  booking 
of  passengers  of  the  classes  upon  which  bonuses  may  be  paid. 

In  the  ])ast,  some  booking  agents  have  been  in  the  habit  of  sending 
in  bonus  claims  on  persons  who  intended  to  follow  mechanical  pur- 
suits in  Canada,  and  on  others  who  had  never  engaged  in  any  or^the 
specified  occupations  or  who  had  less  than  one  year's  experience  in 
such  occupations.  Kindly  see  that  in  future  3^ou  make  claims  only 
upon  British  subjects,  who  have  had  at  least  one  year's  experience  in 
one  of  the  specified  occupations,  and  who  come  to  Canada  to  engage 
either  in  agricultural  pursuits  or  railway  construction,  and  on  female 
domestic  servants.  By  pursuing  such  a  course  the  work  of  this 
office  vdW  be  materially  lessened  and  the  just  claims  consequently 
more  promptly  attended  to.  You  are  also  requested  to  see  that 
every  blank  space  in  emigrant's  application  for  ticket  is  properly 
filled. 

The  Department  should  be  notified  at  once  in  all  cases  where  an 
emigrant  transfers  his  passage  from  the  boat  on  which  he  originally 


THE   IMMIGEATION   SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  157 

books.  The  name  and  date  of  sailing  of  the  vessel  upon  which  he 
first  booked  should  be  given,  as  well  as  that  of  the  ship  to  which  he 
has  been  transferred. 

All  communications  with  regard  to  the  nonpayment  of  any  claims 
made  should  be  sent  direct  to  me.  In  every  case  the  name,  age,  and 
contract  ticket  number  of  the  emigrant,  with  the  name  of  the  vessel, 
and  date  of  its  sailing  should  be  carefully  given.  In  any  case  where 
the  Canadian  Government  finds  it  necessary  to  deport  any  immi- 
grant within  twelve  months  of  his  arrival  in  Canada  because  of 
criminal  tendency,  disease,  or  other  cause,  or  where  the  immigrant 
has  left  Canada  for  the  United  States  within  that  period,  the  bonus 
paid  upon  him  will  be  deducted  from  the  account  of  the  agent  to 
whom  it  was  paid. 

W.  D.  Scott, 
Superintendent  of  Immigration. 


Appendix  F. 

AIMS   AND    METHODS    OF    CHARITABLE    ORGANIZATIONS    PRO- 
MOTING EMIGRATION  TO  CANADA  FROM  THE  BRITISH  ISLES. 

[Report  by  J.  Bruce  Walker."] 

Interior  Department  of  the 

Government  of  Canada, 

Emigration  Branch, 
London,  S.  W.,  January  10,  1908. 

Sir:  For  some  time  I  have  been  devoting  attention  to  the  opera- 
tions of  certain  phihmtliropic  antl  charitable  societies  in  this  country, 
particidarly  in  London,  as  far  as  their  connection  with  emigration  to 
CanatLa  is  concerned.  The  work  of  these  societies  has  always  given 
me  the  gravest  anxiety,  and  from  the  information  I  have  been  able 
to  obtain,  after  a  close  study  of  their  methods  during  the  past  few 
weeks,  I  desire  to  say  to  you  frankly  that  in  my  judgment  the  classes 
which  these  organizations  send  to  Canada  are  for  the  most  part  not 
desirable  citizens.  There  is  no  doubt  that  all  the  philanthropic  and 
charitable  societies  enf^aged  in  the  work  of  emigration  to  Canada  are 
able  to  point  with  satisfaction  to  a  certain  proportion  of  their  emi- 
grants who  have  been  successful  in  the  Dominion.  I  am  very  far 
from  seeking  to  convey  the  impression  that  all  the  material  sent  to 
Canada  by  these  organizations  is  either  unsuitable  or  undesirable; 
I  readily  recognize  that  many  gratifying  instances  can  be  shown  in 
which  the  emigrants,  availing  themselves  of  the  new  conditions  have 
been  able  to  start  life  afresh,  and  are  able  to  look  forward  to  a  life  of 
comparative  comfort  and  competence  as  compared  with  the  conditions 
in  their  former  home. 

I  do  not  think,  however,  that  emigration  to  Canada  is  a  solution  of 
the  Lontlon  unemployed  problem,  and  I  do  not  think,  speaking  gen- 
erally, that  the  class  of  persons  coming  within  the  scope  or  the  associa- 
tions to  which  I  am  referring  in  this  report  are  suited  to  the  require- 
ments of  Canada  and  are  likely  to  succeed  in  any  great  numbers  in 
this  countr\^,  even  under  the  most  favorable  conditions. 

Wliile  it  may  be  conceded  that  these  so-called  charitable  and  philan- 
thropic institutions  are  animated  by  good  intentions,  their  interests 
are  more  concerned  in  the  benefits  that  will  accrue  to  England  than 
to  the  advantages  gained  by  Canada  through  the  medium  of  the 
emigration  of  their  proteges. 

The  work  of  these  societies  may  be  divided  into  two  principal  parts: 
First,  the  purely  philanthropic  or  charitable,  and  secondly,  the  state 
or  rate-aided  emigration.     With  regard  to  the  first   the  funds  are 

o  Published  by  the  authority  of  the  Minister  of  the  Interior,  Ottawa,  Canada,  1908. 
158 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  159 

procured  by  insistent  and  widespread  appeals  to  the  benevolent,  and 
the  operations  of  the  organizations  are  confined  to  the  destitute,  the 
unfortunate,  and,  to  a  large  extent,  the  incompetent.  No  pretence 
is  made  of  assisting  the  emigration  of  a  man,  however  competent, 
however  industrious,  however  ambitious,  so  long  as  he  is  in  employ- 
ment. In  other  words,  the  best  class  of  labor  in  this  comitry  is  dis- 
couraged, and  that  labor  which  finds  itself  most  fi-equently  in  the 
market,  either  from  incompetence,  intemperance,  or  indifference,  is 
the  peculiar  care  of  such  organizations.  When  an  employer  of  labor 
in  London,  for  business  reasons,  is  compelled  to  reduce  his  staff  of 
employees,  he  does  not  suspend  the  competent  and  reliable  workman; 
he  weeds  out  for  the  purpose  of  dismissal  all  tliose  who  have  made 
themselves  known  either  by  their  incompetence,  their  intemperance, 
or  their  carelessness,  and  these  latter  become  the  mass  of  people  from 
whom  and  among  whom  the  philanthropic  and  charitable  societies 
to  which  I  allude,  obtain  their  recruits  for  emigration  to  Canada. 

At  the  present  time  and  under  the  prq^ent  condition  of  the  emi- 
gration law  there  is  practically  no  supervision  exercised  on  this  side 
over  the  work  of  these  societies.  It  is  claimed,  of  course,  by  the  offi- 
cers of  these  organizations  that  every  care  is  taken  anfl  every  anxiety 
shown  to  obtain  only  the  most  suitable  for  emigration  to  Canada. 
The  results  are  shown  by  the  material  which  they  send  to  Canada, 
and  do  not  warrant  the  belief  that  their  efforts  in  these  directions 
have  been  very  successful.  In  any  case,  I  am  convinced  that  the 
societies  operate  amongst  a  very  undesirable  class  for  the  purpose  of 
emigration  to  Canada,  and  that  the  supervision,  however  well  inten- 
tioned,  is  invariably  defective  and  superficial.  Whereas  Canada  is 
calling  constantly  for  men  accustomed  to  agricultural  pursuits  to 
emigrate  to  the  Dominion,  these  so-called  philanthropic  bodies  are 
engaged  almost  exclusively  in  operating  amongst  the  dense  masses  of 
the  congested  parts  of  the  City  of  London  and  other  big  cities,  and 
are  therefore  seeking  to  meet  our  needs  from  a  source  that  in  all 
reason  is  very  unlikely  to  supply  such  needs. 

With  regard  to  the  State  Aided  and  Rate  Aided,  these  are  the  prod- 
ucts of  the  distress  committees  and  of  the  workhouses.  The  distress 
committees  are  bodies  in  large  centres  of  population,  permitted,  under 
the  terms  of  the  Unemploj^ed  W^orkmen's  Act,  to  levy  a  small  rate  as  a 
tax  upon  the  public  for  the  emigration,  and  for  provision  by  employ- 
ment or  otherwise  of  the  unemployed  in  such  communities.  This 
tax  is  imposed  up  to  a  certain  amount  per  pound,  is  used  partly  to 
provide  food  and  shelter,  partly  to  provide  temporary  employment,  and 
partly  to  provide  emigration.  The  distress  committees  usually  oper- 
ate through  some  recognized  booking  agency,  providing  the  fares  for 
the  transportation  and  leaving  such  booking  agency  to  provide  the 
employment  on  the  Canadian  side.  There  is  no  supervision  of  an 
official  character  exercised  over  these  emigrants.  The  Emigration 
Branch  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior  is  neither  advised  of  their 
numbers,  their  character,  nor  the  date  of  their  sailing.  In  the  present 
condition  of  the  law,  if  a  distress  committee  is  satisfied  that  a  booking 
agency  organization  can  satisfactorily  dispose  of  the  men,  the  bargain 
is  completed  between  that  organization  and  the  distress  committee, 
and  that  is  the  end  of  it. 


160  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

With  reference  to  the  Rate-Aided  emigration,  that  is,  the  emigration 
provided  by  the  Poor-Law  Guardians,  there  is  a  certain  measure  of  con- 
trol. When,  for  any  reason,  the  guardians  of  the  district  are  satisfied 
that  the  inmate  of  a  workhouse  is  capable  of  workuig  his  way  in  Can- 
ada or  elsewhere  under  new  conditions  and  with  a  fair  start,  they 
apply  to  the  president  of  the  Local  Government  Board  for  permission 
to  appropriate  from  the  public  rates  under  the  Poor  Law  a  sum  neces- 
sary for  the  emigration  to  Canada,  say,  of  such  person  or  persons. 
The  Local  Government  Board  has  laid  it  down  as  an  imperative  instruc- 
tion that  the  consent  of  the  Assistant  Superintendent  of  Emigration  for 
Canada,  must,  in  every  case,  be  obtained  before  the  emigration  is  per- 
mitted of  such  pauper  person  or  persons.  Here  the  Department  is 
able  to  exercise  some  control,  and  does  so,  I  venture  to  say,  with  good 
effect. 

In  the  first  place,  rigorous  independent  enquiry  is  made  b}'  ourselves, 
in  which  the  previous  character  of  the  family,  a  medical  examination 
on  a  prescribed  form  (after^the  manner  of  a  life  insurance  medical  ap- 
plication form)  is  filled  up  by  a  properly  qualified  medical  man,  and 
where  it  can  be  shown  that  the  answers  are  correct,  the  health  of  the 
persons  unquestioned,  and  that  arrangements  have  been  made  for  the 
proper  reception  and  employment  of  the  individuals,  the  Departmental 
consent  is  given,  and  the  consequent  consent  of  theljocal  Government 
Board  to  such  emigration.  Emigration  of  this  class  is  less  in  quantity 
than  that  of  any  other  to  which  I  have  referred,  and  I  think  enquiry 
will  bear  me  out  in  saying  that  notwithstanding  its  source  it  is  per- 
haps a  little  more  satisfactory  than  either  that  emigrated  by  the  Un- 
employed Workmen's  Actor  the  operations  of  charitable  organizations. 

The  trouble,  however,  of  a  State-Aided  emigration  is  that  it  is 
dealing  with  a  class  of  persons  whose  position  is  either  due  to  their 
own  intemperance  or  incoin])etence,  and  who,  for  the  most  part,  lack 
that  self-confidence  and  self-reliance  that  is  necessary  for  success  in 
a  new  country  and  under  new  conditions. 

I  am  satisfied  that  an  extremely  large  proportion  of  the  nonsuc- 
cesses  in  English  emigration  is  due  to  the  unreasonable  proportion  of 
that  class  of  emigration  sent  to  Canada.  In  Scotland,  where  the 
proportion  of  emigrants  to  the  population  is  more  than  double  what 
it  is  in  England,  there  are  no  such  ])hilanthropic  societies  and  no 
such  charitable  organizations  engaged  in  emigration  work,  and  j^ou 
can  not  but  have  observed  how  few  cases  of  nonsuccess  there  are 
amongst  the  Scottish  emigrants. 

In  my  humble  judgment,  the  time  has  now  come  when  the  Depart- 
ment shoidd  devise  rigorous  and  eft'ective  measures,  to  first  discourage, 
and,  secondly,  to  supervise  such  charitably  aided  emigration. 

The  total  number  of  persons  sent  to  Canada  during  the  3'ear  1907  by 
London  charitable  societies  alone  reaches  the  important  figure  of 
12,336.  These  figures  do  not  include  all  who  have  been  sent  to 
Canada  financially  assisted  out  of  the  Rates.  Another  500,  perhaps, 
might  be  added  as  covering  the  o})erations  of  the  various  distress 
committees  tliroughout  England,  who  have  booked  emigrants  in 
numbers  of  from  1 0  to  50  by  private  booking  agencies. 


THE    IMMIGEATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  .  161 

THE    EAST    END    EMIGRATION    FUND. 

The  East  End  Emigration  Society  is  a  purely  charitable  organiza- 
tion, operating  exclusively  in  the  poorest  and  most  crowded  part  of 
London — the  East  End.  It  is  constantly  making  appeals  to  the 
generosity  of  the  wealthy  and  benevolent  through  the  medium  of  the 
public  press,  and  by  private  appeals  for  money  to  emigrate  deserving 
cases. 

It  may  be  conceded  at  once  that  this  organization  is  working  at 
what  it  believes  to  be  a  good  cause,  but  unfortunately  it  is  working  in 
a  territory  where  the  environment  and  conditions  are  all  against  their 
obtaining  a  class  of  persons  suitable  for  Canada;  the  vastly  populated 
and  greatly  congested  East  End  of  London  can  not  be  considered  a 
favorable  field  for  obtaining  that  class  of  emigrants  which  Canada 
needs,  and  that  class  of  men  who  are  at  all  likely  to  accommodate 
themselves  to  the  conditions  obtaining  in  Canada  and  tlirough  their 
own  energy  and  determination  build  up  homes  for  themselves.  The 
conditions  under  which  they  had  lived,  and  in  w^hich  in  all  probability 
their  parents  for  several  generations  have  lived,  do  not  produce  the 
kind  of  men  who  are  fit  for  labor  which  Canadian  farmers  have  to 
offer,  and  I  can  not  but  feel  that  while  I  accord  the  very  best  intentions 
to  this  organization,  it  is  w^orking  in  an  area  that  can  not  possibly 
afford  us  satisfactory  results.  This  organization  books  its  own 
passengers,  and  in  common  with  similar  organizations  has  a  private 
arrangement  for  a  preferential  rate  in  favor  of  itself  as  compared  wath 
the  charge  for  transportation  exacted  from  the  ordinary  self-paying 
emigrant.  During  the  year  this  organization,  without  the  slightest 
control,  either  by  the  Government  in  this  country  or  by  the  Emigration 
Branch  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior  in  this  country,  sent  to 
Canada  6,096  persons,  recruited  from  the  East  End  of  London,  paying, 
it  may  be  presumed,  in  every  case  the  total  cost  of  such  transportation. 

SELF-HELP   EMIGRATION    SOCIETY. 

This  organization  is  likewise  of  a  charitable  character,  although 
it  insists  upon  a  proportion  of  the  passage  being  paid  by  the  people 
emigrated,  relying  upon  the  charity  and  the  good-will  of  the  wealthy 
classes  of  the  Metropolis  for  payment  of  the  balance.  The  Self-Help 
Emigration  Society  sent  to  Canada  during  the  year  1907  a  total  of 
506  persons,  neither  inspected  nor  controlled  by  any  agency  on  this 
side. 

THE    CHURCH    ARMY. 

This  is  a  reformatory  and  charitable  organization  connected  wath 
and  working  under  the  auspices  of  the  Established  Church  of  Eng- 
land. They  sent  to  Canada  last  year  1,595  persons,  of  whom  1,519 
received  assistance  from  the  Church  Army  Emigration  Fund.  This 
organization  is  of  a  many-sided  character,  embracing  the  reclamation 
of  the  drunkard,  the  reception  of  the  discharged  prisoner,  the  shelter 
and  food  of  the  homeless,  and  an  asylum  for  the  unemployed.  It  has 
a  number  of  cheap  night  shelters  throughout  this  citj'-  and  country, 
and  is  engaged  exclusively  in  operating  amongst  the  lowest  and  most 
degraded  classes  to  be  found  in  England.  In  pursuance  of  the  reform- 
atory work,  they  have  a  farm  colony,  to  which  men  are  sent  on  proba- 
tionj^  and  w^here  those  who  are  destined  for  emigration  to  Canada  are 
35365— S.  Doc.  469,  61-2 11 


162  .  THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

placed  for  observation  and  training  in  actual  farming  operations,  but 
as  these  men  were  originally  anything  but  farmers  or  rural  citizens 
the  probation  can  hardly  be  called  satisfactory;  the  training  is  not 
very  practical,  and  the  person  still  retains  his  aversion  to  the  country 
and  his  love  of  populous  places. 

The  Church  Army  also  interests  itself  in  the  emigration  of  persons 
who  can  pay  their  fare;  young  men  who  are  sowing  their  wild  oats; 
young  men  who  are  beyond  parental  control;  young  men  whose  rela- 
tives believe  that  removal  from  old  haunts  and  old  associations  to  a 
new  country  would  afford  a  renewed  opportunity  for  starting  life 
afresh,  and  rehabilitating  themselves  in  the  good  opinion  of  their 
friends,  and  I  am  afraid  that  not  a  few  of  the  latter  are  selected,  not 
from  any  examination,  but  from  the  personal  influence  of  those  who 
are  desirous  of  obtaining  the  emigration  of  such  persons. 

THE    CHURCH    EMIGRATION    SOCIETY. 

This  Society  was  not  formed  with  the  definite  object  of  advancing 
the  passage  money  of  the  emigrants,  but  a  certain  number  of  those 
sent  out  by  the  Society  have  been  assisted  in  this  way.  Their  method 
of  operation  is  to  assist  those  who  assist  themselves;  in  other  words, 
to  pay  a  portion  of  their  transportation,  but  to  encourage  onh'  hus- 
bands and  wives  with  small  families.  I  am  free  to  confess  that  this 
organization  exercises  a  good  deal  of  care  in  the  selection  of  their 
emigrants,  and  insists  upon  the  guarantee  of  the  respectability  of  the 
family  in  the  form  of  a  good  contribution  to  the  cost  of  the  transpor- 
tation, and  also  insists  upon  an  agreement  for  the  repayment  of  the 
proportion  advanced.  I.ast  3'ear  they  sent  altogether  663  persons  to 
Canada.  This  society  is  first  and  foremost  a  religious  societ}',  and 
exists  mainly  for  the  purpose  of  binding  together  members  of  the 
Church  of  England  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 

THE    CENTRAL    UNEMPLOYED    BODY. 

This  is  a  purely  London  organization,  o])erating  under  the  Work- 
men's Unemployed  Act,  confining  its  operations  to  the  unemployed  of 
the  city  of  London,  without  regard  to  any  particular  locality  in  the 
Metropolis.  I  am  not  prepared  to  deny  but  what  they  take  a  great 
deal  of  care,  and  go  to  a  great  deal  of  trouble  in  sifting,  selecting,  and 
finally  approving  of  the  emigrants.  The  objection  to  their  organiza- 
tion, however,  is  that  they  work  exclusively  amongst  a  class  of  people 
for  whom  there  is  no  demand  in  Canada,  i.  e.,  unemployed  tradesmen, 
artisans,  mechanics,  and  other  skilled  persons,  as  well  as  general 
laborers.  The  proportion  of  persons  with  farm  training  coming  under 
their  care  is  infinitesimal,  and,  as  I  have  said,  it  is  difficult  to  draw  the 
line  between  the  unemployed  and  the  unemployable;  and  yet  it  is 
amongst  just  such  classes  that  the  Central  Unemployed  Body  conducts 
its  work.  During  the  3'ear  the  (I!entral  Unemployed  Body  emigrated 
to  Canada  2,842  persons,  booking  them  directly  from  its  own  offices, 
sharing  the  preferential  rate,  the  bonus  claims,  and  other  such  con- 
siderations as  could  be  obtained.  They  have,  as  you  know,  no  regu- 
larly constituted  organization  on  the  Canadian  side,  either  for  the 
reception,  distribution,  or  absorption  of  such  emigrants  as  they  send. 
One  or  two  agents  throughout  Canada  can  neither  take  care  of  nor  place 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  163 

such  numbers  of  persons,  antl  consequently  in  the  total  credited  in 
this  report  to  the  East  End  Emigration  Funtl,  it  should  be  stated  that 
2,573  persons  were  handed  to  the  East  End  Emigration  Fund  by  the 
Central  Unemployed  Body,  because  the  former  society  was  supposed 
to  have  a  better  organization  for  the  employment  of  the  emigrants  on 
arrival  in  Canada.  Apart  from  this,  however,  the  Central  Unem- 
ployed Bodv  sent  2,842  persons  to  Canada,  the  great  majority  of 
whom  I  am  afraid  are  not  at  all  likely  to  readily  assimilate  and  adapt 
themselves  to  Canadian  conditions. 

THE    SALVATION    ARMY. 

During  the  year  1907  the  Salvation  Army  emigrated  406  persons 
whose  fares  were  either  wholly  or  partially  advanced.  These  form  a 
proportion  of  the  15,000,  which  is  about  the  aggregate  of  the  vSalva- 
tion  Ai-mv's  emigration  during  that  year.  Of  these  406  persons,  the 
majority  of  the  wholly  advanced  fares  came  from  emigrants  provided 
by  locaf  distress  committees  in  provincial  towns.  These  local  distress 
committees,  being  assured  by  the  Salvation  Army  of  their  power  to 
receive  and  provide  employment  for  the  emigrants  of  these  distress 
committees,  have  placed  them  in  the  hands  of  the  Army  and  provided 
the  funds.  The  remaining  portion  represents  those  families  of  %yives 
and  children  of  specially  deserving  cases  where  the  Army  itself 
advanced  the  transportation  with  the  hope  of  subsequent  repayment. 

With  reference  to  the  emigrants  of  distress  committees  handed  to 
the  care  of  the  army,  they  are  open  to  the  same  objection  as  such 
emigrants  when  in  the  care  of  any  other  society.  They  are,  for  the 
most  part,  tradesmen,  townsmen,  and  generally  very  incompetent 
and  inferior  ones  at  that.  It  is  worth  noticing,  however,  that  out  of 
the  total  of  15,000  persons  claimed  by  the  Salvation  Army  as  having 
been  sent  to  Canada  in  1907,  only  406  had  their  fares  wholly  or  par- 
tially advanced. 

THE  CENTRAL  EMIGRATION  BOARD. 

The  Central  Emigration  Board,  an  executive  body  not  at  all  of 
a  philanthropic  or  charitable  character,  was  brought  into  existence 
for  the  purpose  of  providing  a  machine  for  booking  and  emigrating 
the  products  of  tlie  provincial  distress  committees.  The  latter  have 
not  taken  kindly  to  the  organization,  inasmuch  as  ])rovincial  distress 
committees  object  to  overlooking  the  claims  of  local  booking  agents, 
probablv  rate  payers  in  their  community,  in  order  to  deal  with  the 
CentrafEmigration  Board  in  London,  from  whom  they  receive  no 
return  and  no  special  consideration.  Consequently,  therefore,  not- 
withstanding the  inauguration  of  this  body,  with  considerable  press 
display  and  not  a  little  prestige  from  important  and  influential  per- 
sons on  the  directorate,  it  has  not  done  a  great  deal  of  business.  Dur- 
ing the  vear  it  sent  to  Canada  228  persons,  the  unemployed  products 
either  of  certain  charitable  societies  or  distress  committees.  I  do 
not  know  what  special  provision  it  has  for  obtaining  work  on  the 
other  side,  but  I  am  afraid  the  organization,  if  any,  must  be  of  a  very 
restricted  character. 


164  THE    IMMIGEATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

In  inclosing  you,  in  tabulated  form,'*  the  totals  of  persons  emigrated  by 
such  philanthropic  societies  as  I  have  dealt  with  in  this  report,  I  beg  to 
offer,  in  the  most  respectful  way,  the  suggestion  for  submission  to  the 
Minister,  that  if  this  emigration  is  not  to  be  discouraged  in  toto,  some 
means  must  be  devised  at  once  for  its  proper  supervision  and  control. 

In  my  opinion,  it  will  be  an  unfortunate  condition  of  affairs  if  such 
organizations  are  permitted,  unrestricted  and  unrestrained,  to  pour 
upon  the  shores  of  Canada  large  numbers  of  persons,  few  of  whom 
are  at  all  fitted  for  our  conditions  and  most  of  whom  are  morally 
and  physically  quite  unfitted.  It  might  be  well  to  institute  a  regu- 
lation that  the  same  permission  should  be  obtained  for  the  emigration 
of  such  persons  as  is  obtained  for  the  emigration  of  persons  from 
workhouses,  and  it  might  also  be  permissible  to  insist  that  such  or- 
ganizations in  England  must  have  a  complement  organization  in 
Canada  and  be  able  to  show  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Department 
their  ability  to  absorb  and  employ  such  emigrants  as  they  send. 

As  most  of  these  organizations  carry  on  their  operations  in  large 
centres  of  population,  they  seldom  reach  persons  of  figricultural 
experience  and,  consequently,  have  in  proportion  to  their  numbers 
sent  to  Canada  very  few  claims  for  the  bonus  given  by  the  Depart- 
ment to  persons  bent  upon  agricultural  pursuits  in  Canada,  and  I 
think,  therefore,  it  would  be  judicious  to  withhold  the  bonus  in  the 
case  of  any  person  obtaining  either  a  free  or  an  assisted  passage, 
ability  to  pay  the  necessary  transportation  charge  being  one  of  the 
most  satisfactory  proofs  of  thrift  and  industry. 

I  have  discussed  with  the  leading  officers  of  the  Local  Government 
Board  the  question  of  the  supervision  of  the  efforts  of  charitable  and 
philanthropic  associations,  and  have  been  given  to  understand  by 
these  officials  that  the  Local  Government  Board  would  look  with  great 
favor  upon  any  regulations  formulated  by  the  Department  tending 
to  ensure  that  all  charitable  and  philanthropic  societies,  either  using 
public  money  or  working  from  funds  provicled  by  public  generosity, 
shall  provide  the  same  strict  investigation  into  the  antecedents,  both 
moral  and  physical,  of  the  persons  proposed  to  be  emigrated  in 
like  manner  with  the  regulations  adopted  with  reference  to  persons 
emigrated  from  the  workhouses  of  England. 

Your  obedient  servant,  j  ^^^^^  Walker, 

-p,  Assistant  Superintendent  of  Emigration. 

Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Ottawa. 

a  Statement  of  persons  sent  out  by  certain  societies  during  1907: 

East  End  Emigration  Fund 6,  096 

(The  above  figures  include  those  sent  out  by  the  East  End  Fund  for  the 
Central  Unemployed  Body.) 

Self-Help  Emigration  Society 506 

(Either  the  whole  or  the  greater  part  of  the  passage  of  these  people  was  pro- 
vided by  the  emigrants  or  those  interested,  small  grants  only  being  made  by 
the  Society.) 

The  Salvation  Army 406 

(Fares  wholly  or  partially  advanced.) 

The  Church  Army 1,  595 

(Of  the  above  1,519  received  financial  assistance  from  the  Church  Army 
funds.) 

The  Church  Emigration  Society 663 

The  Central  Unemployed  Body 2,  842 

(The  above  figures  do  not  include  2,573  persona  sent  out  by  the  East  End 
Emigration  Fund.) 
The  Central  Emigration  Board 228 


Appendix  G. 

ORDERS  IN  COUNCIL  AND  IMMIGRATION  REGULATIONS. 

Orders  in  Council. 

I. 

CERTIFIED  COPY  OF  A  REPORT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE  OF  THE  PRIVY 
COUNCIL,  APPROVED  BY  HIS  EXCELLENCY  THE  GOVERNOR-GENERAL 
ON  THE  25th  FEBRUARY,  1908. 

On  a  memorandiun  dated  20th  February,  1908,  from  the  Minister 
of  the  Interior,  statino;  that  a  very  considerable  number  of  emigrants 
arriving  in  Canada  from  the  British  Isles  have  either  been  rejected  at 
Canadian  ports  or  afterwards  deported  from  Canada  as  undesirables, 
for  causes  named  in  the  Immigration  Act ; 

That  during  the  year  1907  there  were  some  141  rejections  and  441 
deportations  of  British  emigrants; 

That  among  the  many  charitable  and  philanthropic  associations 
actively  engaged  in  the  British  Isles  in  sending  and  financially  assist- 
ing immigrants  to  Canada  are  some  whose  work  is  chiefly  among  the 
unemployed,  destitute,  and  incompetent  classes  in  the  congested 
centres  of  population. 

Wliile  the  Minister  does  not  contend  that  some  of  these  immigrants 
may  not  make  successful  citizens  of  Canada,  nevertheless  it  is  true  that 
it  is  not  the  object  of  these  associations  to  encourage  the  emigration 
of  the  reall}^  competent,  industrious,  and  ambitious  man  so  long  as 
he  succeeds  in  supporting  himself,  and  that  their  operations  are  con- 
fined almost  exclusively  to  the  class  from  which  it  is  very  unlikely 
that  the  needs  of  Canada  can  be  properly  supplied. 

The  class  referred  to  includes  not  only  the  unemployed,  but  a  large 
proportion  of  those  who  are  a  drug  in  the  labour  market  from  misfor- 
tune, incompetence,  or  indifi'erence.  In  the  case  of  these  it  is  no  alle- 
viation of  their  condition  to  transfer  them  here,  because  our  experi- 
ence is  that  they  simply  continue  in  the  same  condition,  and  are  a 
detriment  to  Canada. 

Wliile  the  associations  engaged  in  this  work  often  claim,  and  per- 
haps endeavour  to  use,  discrimination  in  the  matter  of  selection,  in 
efi^ect  it  is  found  that  emigrants  are  sent  here  who  are  entirely  un- 
suited  to  the  conditions  prevailing  in  this  country,  and  who  are 
unlikely  to  succeed  even  under  the  most  favourable  circumstances. 

The  work  of  these  associations  does  not  come  under  the  supervision 
of  the  Canadian  Immigration  Department  in  the  British  Isles,  and  it 
is  very  advisable  that  more  effective  measures  should  be  adopted, 
supervisory  and  restrictive,  in  regard  to  the  undesirable  classes. 

165 


166  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN   CANADA. 

It  might  be  mentioned  that  the  Department  of  the  Interior  exercises 
a  degree  of  supervision  over  a  certain  very  Hmited  class  of  immigrants 
who  are  sent  out  by  the  Poor  Law  Guardians.  If  the  guardians  of  a 
district  are  satisfied  that  a  person  who  has  been  a  charge  on  them 
is  really  capable  of  working  his  way  in  Canada,  or  elsewhere,  under 
new  conditions  and  with  a  fair  start,  they  secure  an  appropriation 
from  public  moneys  for  the  purpose  of  the  emigration  of  such  person. 
When  an  emigrant  is  sent  out  in  this  way,  it  is  imperative  that  the 
consent  of  the  Assistant  Superintendent  of  Emigration  for  Canada 
be  obtained.  In  this  way  the  Department  exercises  some  control. 
Independent  inquiry  is  made,  a  medical  certificate  is  obtained,  and 
other  precautions  are  taken  to  make  sure  of  the  suitability  of  the 
emigrant. 

The  Minister  is  of  the  opinion  that  a  similar  system  of  inspection 
should  be  extended  to  all  charitable  and  philanthropic  societies  or 
organizations  operating  in  England,  whether  using  public  money  or 
funds  provided  by  public  generosity,  so  that  persons  whom  they  pro- 
pose sending  to  Canada  may  be  subject  to  inspection  by  the  officer 
representing  the  Canadian  Government  Emigration  Department  in 
London  as  to  their  antecedents,  both  morally  and  physically,  and 
as  to  their  general  suitability  for  settlement  in  Canada;  such  persons 
to  be  allowed  entry  into  Canada  only  upon  presentation  of  a  proper 
certificate  from  the  Assistant  Superintendent  of  Emigration;  and  to  be 
subject  to  exclusion  and  deportation  in  the  usual  way  should  they 
succeed  in  gaining  admittance  to  Canada  in  contravention  of  the  regu- 
lations. 

The  Immigration  Act  (sec.  10)  provides  that: 

The  Governor  in  Council  may,  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Minister,  make  such 
orders  and  regulations,  not  inconsistent  with  this  Act,  as  are  considered  necessary  or 
expedient  for  tlie  carrying  out  of  this  Act  according  to  its  true  intent  and  meaning  and 
for  the  better  attainment  of  its  objects. 

The  Minister  therefore  recommends  that  an  Order  in  Council  be 
passed  ])rohibiting,  from  and  after  the  15tli  day  of  April,  1908,  the 
landing  in  Canada  of  any  person  whose  passage  has  been  paid  wholly 
or  in  part  by  any  charitable  organization  or  out  of  public  moneys, 
unless  it  is  shown  that  the  authority  in  writing  of  the  Assistant  Super- 
intendent of  Emigration  for  Canada  in  London  has  been  obtained  for 
the  emigration  of  such  person,  and  that  such  authority  has  been  acted 
upon  within  a  period  of  sixty  days. 

The  Committee  submit  the  same  for  approval. 

RODOLPHE    BOUDREAU, 

Clerk  of  the  Privy  Council. 


II. 


Privy  Council,  Canada, 
At  the  Government  House  at  Ottawa, 

Friday,  27th  day  of  March,  1908. 

Present :  His  Excellency  the  Administrator  in  Council. 

The  Administrator  in  Council  is  pleased  to  order,  and  it  is  hereby 
ordered,  that  the  Order  in  Council  of  the  8th  of  January,  1908,  which 
provides  that  in  accordance  with  section  20  of  the  Immigration  Act, 
Chapter  93,  Revised  Statutes  of  Canada,  1906,  the  immigration  agent 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  167 

at  any  port  shall  require  every  immigrant,  male  or  female,  18  years  of 
age  or  over,  arriving  before  February  15,  1908,  to  have  in  his  or  her 
possession  money  to  the  minimum  amount  of  $50,  or  if  arriving  after 
February  15  and  before  April  1 ,  a  minimum  amount  of  $25,  in  addition 
to  a  ticket  to  his  or  her  destination  in  Canada,  unless  satisfactory  evi- 
dence is  furnished  that  the  immigrant  is  going  to  some  definite  employ- 
ment or  to  relatives  or  friends  already  settled  in  Canada  who  will  take 
care  of  such  immigrant,  do  continue  in  force  until  the  31st  day  of 
December,  1908,  in  so  far  as  the  provision  for  a  minimum  amount 
of  $25  is  concerned. 

RODOLPHE    BOUDREAU, 

Clerk  of  the  Privy  Council. 


III. 

Privy  Council,  Canada, 
At  the  Government  House  at  Ottawa, 

Wednesday,  the  27th  day  of  May,  1908. 

Present:  His  Excellency  in  Council. 

Whereas  during  the  present  session  of  Parliament  an  Act  has  been 
passed  repealing  subsection  1  of  section  30  of  the  Immigration  Act, 
Chapter  93  of  the  Revised  Statutes,  1906,  and  substituting  the  follow- 
ing provision  therefor: 

30.  The  Governor  in  Council  may,  by  proclamation  or  order,  whenever  he  considers 
it  necessary  or  expedient,  prohibit  the  landing  in  Canada  of  any  specified  class  of  immi- 
grants or  of  any  immigrants  who  have  come  to  Canada  otherwise  than  by  continuous 
journey  from  the  country  of  which  they  are  natives  or  citizens  and  upon  through 
tickets  purchased  in  that  country. 

And  whereas  it  is  considered  expedient  forthwith  to  prohibit  the 
landing  in  Canada  of  immigrants  who  have  come  to  Canada  otherwise 
than  as  set  forth  in  the  said  provision. 

Therefore,  His  Excellency  in  Council  is  pleased  to  order  that  from 
and  after  the  date  hereof  the  landing  in  Canada  shall  be,  and  the  same 
is  hereby,  prohibited  of  any  immigrants  who  have  come  to  Canada 
otherwise  than  by  continuous  journey  from  the  country  of  which  they 
are  natives  or  citizens,  and  upon  through  tickets  purchased  in  that 
country. 

RoDOLPHE    BoUDREAU, 

Clerk  of  the  Privy  Council. 


IV. 


Privy  Council,  Canada, 
At  the  Government  House  at  Ottawa, 

Wednesday,  the  27th  day  of  May,  1908. 

Present:  His  Excellency  the  Governor-General  in  Council. 

Whereas  a  considerable  number  of  European  immigrants  arrive  in 
Canada  by  way  of  United  States  Atlantic  and  Pacific  seaports,  coming 
in  by  rail  from  port  of  landing  in  the  United  States,  many  of  whom 
are  of  the  classes  prohibited  by  the  Immigration  Act  from  landing 
in  Canada,  and  are  for  this  reason  or  for  causes  arising  within  a  period 
of  two  years  of  their  arrival  in  Canada  deportable  under  the  Act; 


168  THE   IMMIGEATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

And  whereas  upon  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration  seeking  to 
deport  such  persons,  the  railroad  companies  responsible  for  carrying 
them  across  the  border  have  pleaded  inability  to  take  them  back  on 
the  Superintendent's  order,  for  the  reason  that  the  persons  sought  to 
be  deported  were  not  legally  admissible  into  the  United  States,  and 
would  not  be  admitted  into  that  country,  except  for  transit  to  port  of 
landing  and  immediate  delivery  into  the  custody  of  the  steamship 
company  responsible  for  taking  them  back  to  the  port  or  place  from 
which  they  were  brought; 

And  whereas  the  steamship  companies  have  been  communicated 
with  in  this  matter  and  each  company  has  been  asked  to  enter  into  an 
agreement  according  to  the  draft  attached  hereto; 

And  whereas  the  steamship  companies  have  had  this  agreement  and 
the  request  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior  with  respect  thereto  before 
them  since  about  the  23d  of  February,  1908,  but  the  only  company 
that  has  tlius  far  executed  the  agreement  is  the  Allan  Line  Steamship 
Company  (Limited)  of  Glasgow,  running  ships  to  Boston,  Mass.,  and 
Portland,  Me.; 

And  whereas  on  account  of  the  neglect  of  the  other  companies  to 
attend  to  this  matter  the  Department  of  the  Interior  is,  at  the  present 
time,  in  the  position  of  having  some  fifty-five  deportable  immigrants 
on  its  hands  and  being  unable  to  deport  them; 

Therefore  His  Excellency  the  Governor-General  in  Council  in  these 
circumstances,  and  seeing  that  undesirable  immigrants  are  constantly 
coming  into  Canada,  as  above  described,  and  that  the  Superintendent 
of  Immigration  is  unable  to  put  the  law  in  force  with  respect  to  such 
immigrants,  is  pleased  to  order,  as  a  necessary  measure  of  protection 
for  Canada,  under  the  authority  of  section  10  of  the  Immigration  Act, 
Chapter  93,  Revised  Statutes  of  Canada,  1906,  that  all  such  immi- 
grants as  seek  to  come  into  Canada  by  rail,  who  have  come  from  any 
country  on  any  ship  landing  at  a  United  States  port  belonging  to  any 
steamship  company  or  owner  who  has  not  entered  into  the  agreement 
hereto  annexed,  shall  be  and  they  are  hereby  prohibited  from  landing 
in  or  coming  into  Canada. 

RODOLPHE    BOUDREAU, 

Clerk  of  Privy  Council. 


V. 


Privy  Council,  Canada, 
At  the  Government  House  at  Ottawa, 

Wednesday,  the  3d  day  of  June,  1908. 

Present :  His  Excellency  the  Governor-General  in  Council. 

Whereas  by  the  Order  in  Council  of  the  18th  January,  1908,  it  is  pro- 
vided that  in  accordance  with  section  20  of  the  Immigration  Act,  the 
Immigration  Agent  at  any  port  shall  require  every  immigrant,  male  or 
female,  18  years  of  age  or  over,  to  have  in  his  or  her  possession  money 
to  a  minimum  amount  of  S25,  in  addition  to  a  ticket  to  his  or  her  desti- 
nation in  Canada,  unless  satisfactory  evidence  is  furnished  that  the  im- 
migrant is  going  to  some  definite  employment  or  to  relatives  or  friends 
already  settled  in  Canada,  who  will  take  care  of  such  immigrant,  and 
by  a  further  Order  in  Council  of  the  27th  March,  1908,  this  arrange- 
ment is  continued  in  force; 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  169 

And  whereas  Canada  is  looking  primarily  for  immigrants  of  an  agri- 
cultural class  to  occupy  vacant  lands,  and  as  immigrants  from  Asia 
belong  as  a  rule  to  labouring  classes,  and  their  language  and  mode  of 
life  render  them  unsuited  for  settlement  in  Canada  wliere  there  are  no 
colonies  of  their  own  people  to  ensure  their  maintenance  in  case  of 
their  inability  to  secure  employment,  it  is  necessary  that  provision 
be  made  so  that  such  immigrants  may  be  possessed  of  sufficient  money 
to  make  them  temporarily  independent  ol  unfavourable  industrial  con- 
ditions when  coming  into  Canada; 

Therefore  His  Excellency  the  Governor-General  in  Council  is  pleased 
to  order  that  the  amount  of  money  required  to  be  in  possession  of  each 
immigrant  as  a  condition  to  his  being  permitted  to  enter  Canada  shall 
be  and  the  same  is  hereby  increased  to  $200  in  the  case  of  all  Asiatic 
immigrants  other  than  those  with  whose  countries  the  Government  of 
Canada  has  special  arrangements  or  those  concerning  whose  countries 
special  statutory  regulations  exist  on  the  part  of  Canada;  the  condi- 
tions as  to  tickets  to  destination  to  remain  as  at  present. 

RODOLPHE    BOUDREAU, 

Clerk  of  the  Privy  Council. 


VI. 


Privy  Council,  Canada, 
At  the  Government  House  at  Ottawa, 

Tuesday,  the  23d  day  of  June,  1908. 
Present :  His  Excellency  the  Governor-General  in  Council. 
Whereas  by  sections  40  and  58  of  the  Immigration  Act,  Chapter  93 
of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  Canada,  1906,  it  is  provided  as  follows: 

40.  Every  keeper  of  a  tavern,  hotel,  or  boarding  house  in  any  city,  town,  village,  or 
place  in  Canada,  designated  by  any  Order  in  Council,  who  receives  into  his  house  as  a 
boarder  or  lodger  any  immigrant  within  three  months  from  his  arrival  in  Canada,  shall 
cause  to  be  kept  conspicuously  posted  in  the  public  rooms  and  passages  of  his  house 
and  printed  upon  his  business  cards,  a  list  of  the  prices  which  will  be  charged  to  immi- 
grants per  day  and  week  for  board  or  lodging,  or  both,  and  also  the  prices  for  separate 
meals,  which  cards  shall  also  contain  the  name  of  the  keeper  of  such  house,  together 
with  the  name  of  the  street  in  which  it  is  situate,  and  its  number  in  such  street. 

2.  No  such  boarding-house  keeper,  hotel  keeper,  or  tavern  keeper  shall  have  any 
lien  on  the  effects  of  such  immigrant  for  any  amount  claimed  for  such  board  or  lodg- 
ing for  any  sum  exceeding  $5. 

58.  Every  keeper  of  a  tavern,  hotel,  or  boarding  house  in  any  city,  town,  village,  or 
other  place  in  Canada,  designated  by  Order  in  Council,  who — 

(a)  Neglects  or  refuses  to  post  a  list  of  prices  and  to  keep  business  cards  on  which 
is  printed  a  list  of  the  prices  which  will  be  charged  to  immigrants  per  day  or  week  for 
board  or  lodging,  or  both,  and  the  prices  for  separate  meals,  and  also  the  name  of  the 
keeper  of  such  house,  together  with  the  name  of  the  street  in  which  the  house  is 
situated  and  its  number  in  such  street,  or — 

(6)  Charges  or  receives,  or  permits  or  suffers  to  be  charged  or  received,  for  boarding 
or  lodging  or  for  meals  in  his  house,  any  sum  in  excess  of  the  prices  so  posted  and 
printed  on  such  business  cards,  or — 

(c)  Omits  immediately  on  any  immigrant  entering  such  house  as  a  boarder  or  lodger, 
or  for  the  purpose  of  taking  any  meal  therein,  to  deliver  to  such  immigrant  one  of  such 
printed  business  cards,  shall  incur  a  penalty  not  exceeding  $20  and  not  less  than  $5. 

And  whereas  it  is  considered  expedient  to  bring  these  sections  into 
force  in  certain  places; 

Therefore  His  Excellency  the  Governor-General  in  Council  is  pleased 
to  designate,  and  doth  hereby  designate,  for  the  purpose  of  sections 


170  THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

40  and  58  of  the  Immigration  Act,  the  cities  of  Ottawa  and  Toronto, 
in  the  Province  of  Ontario;  the  cities  of  Quebec  and  Montreal,  in  the 
Province  of  Quebec;  the  city  of  Halifax,  in  the  Province  of  Nova 
Scotia;  the  city  of  St.  John,  in  the  Province  of  New  Brunswick;  the 
city  of  Winnipeg,  in  the  Province  of  Manitoba;  and  the  cities  of 
Vancouver  and  Victoria,  in  the  Province  of  British  Columbia,  as 
cities  within  which  every  keeper  of  a  tavern,  hotel,  or  boardino;  house 
therein  who  receives  into  his  house  as  a  boarder  or  lodger  any  immi- 
grant within  three  months  of  his  arrival  in  Canada  shall  be  subject 
to  the  requirements  and  the  provisions  of  the  said  section  40  and  to 
the  penalties  provided  by  the  said  section  58  in  case  of  contravention 
thereof. 

RODOLPHE    BOUDREAU, 

Clerh  of  the  Privy  Council. 


VII. 


Privy  Council,  Canada, 
At  the  Government  House  at  Ottawa 

Frklaij,  the  11th  day  of  September,  1908. 

Present:  His  Excellency  the  Governor-General  in  Council. 

His  Excellency  the  Governor-General  in  Council,  in  virtue  of  the 
provisions  of  Section  20  of  the  Immigration  Act,  Chapter  93,  Revised 
Statutes  of  Canada,  1906,  is  pleased,  in  view  of  the  labour  conditions 
and  of  the  probable  su})pl,y  and  demand  for  labourers  in  Canada  during 
the  coming  winter  to  order  and  it  is  hereby  ordered  that  in  the  case 
of  immigrants  arriving  at  Canadian  Ports  between  the  1st  day  of 
January  and  15th  day  of  February,  1909,  the  Immigration  Agent  at 
any  port  shall  reciuire  every  immigrant,  male  or  female,  18  years  of 
age  or  over,  to  liaA^e  in  his  or  her  possession  money  to  the  minimum 
amount  of  $50  in  addition  to  a  ticket  to  his  or  her  destination  in 
Canada  unless  satisfactory  evidence  is  furnished  that  the  immigrant 
is  going  to  some  definite  employment,  or  to  relatives,  or  friends  already 
settled  in  Canada  who  would  take  care  of  such  immigrant  and  that  on 
the  last  mentioned  date  tiie  money  ciualification  above  ])rescribed  be 
reduced  to  the  minimum  amount  of  S25  for  each  immigrant,  and  so 
remain  until  further  ordered. 

RODOLPHE    BoUDREAU, 

Cleric  of  the  Privy  Council. 


Immigration  Regulations  and  Forms. 

memorandum  for  the  guidance  of  immigration  inspectors. 

Inspectors  appointed  to  enforce  the  provisions  of  the  Immigration 
Act  and  the  regulations  made  thereunder  in  respect  to  immigrants  ar- 
riving in  Canada  by  railway,  or  other  means,  are  expected  to  use  fair 
discretion  in  carrying  out  their  duties,  bearing  in  mind  that  the  pol- 
icy of  the  Department  is  not  one  of  exclusion  of  immigrants,  except- 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  171 

ing  in  cases  where  their  admission  is  directly  provided  against  in  the 
Act,  or  regulations,  or  is  likelj"  to  be  an  injury  to  the  community. 

The  term  "immigrant"  means  and  includes  any  person  arrivino-  in 
Canada  by  railway  train  or  other  mode  of  travel,  provided  such  per- 
son has  not  previously  been  domiciled  in  Canada.  In  any  doubtful 
case  where  previous  domicile  in  Canada  is  alleged  as  a  reason  for 
coming  in  the  Inspector  is  required  to  closely  question  the  party  as 
to  such  domicile,  ascertaining  the  address,  length  of  residence,  and 
how  emploj^ed,  as  well  as  name  and  age  of  passenger,  and  these  par- 
ticulars are  immediately  to  be  reported  to  the  Superintendent  of  Im- 
migration, with  date  of  arrival  and  particulars  as  to  train,  and  form 
and  number  of  ticket,  together  with  Inspector's  remarks  as  to  reasons 
for  objecting  to  passenger. 

Special  attention  is  to  be  given  to  the  classes  designated  as  "unde- 
sirable" and  the  Inspector  must  see  that  none  such  are  admitted. 

(1)  Feeble  minded,  idiots,  epileptics,  insane,  or  those  who  have  had  an  attack  of 
insanity  within  five  years. 

(2)  The  immigrant  who  may  be  afflicted  with  a  loathsome  disease,  or  with  a  disease 
that  may  become  dangerous  to  the  public  health  or  widely  disseminated,  whether  the 
immigrant  intends  to  settle  in  Canada  or  only  to  pass  through  Canada  to  settle  in  some 
other  country. 

(3)  One  who  is  a  pauper,  a  destitute,  a  professional  beggar,  or  vagrant,  or  who  is 
likely  to  become  a  public  charge,  or  one  who  has  been  convicted  of  a  crime  involving 
moral  turpitude.  A  prostitute,  or  one  who  procures,  or  brings,  or  attempts  to  bring 
into  Canada,  prostitutes  or  women  for  purposes  of  prostitution. 

The  above  are  absolutely  prohibited  from  admission  into  Canada, 
and  if  any  such  are  found  on  the  train  which  the  Inspector  is  examin- 
ing, he  will  notify  the  official  or  officials  in  charge  of  the  train  that 
such  person  or  persons  can  not  be  admitted  into  Canada  but  must 
be  returned  immediatel}^  The  Inspector  will  require  no  other  war- 
rant or  authority  for  this  than  that  reposed  in  him  by  virtue  of  his 
appointment,  and  having  taken  the  action  thus  indicated  his  respon- 
sibility in  the  matter  will  cease  until  such  time  as  he  may  find  that 
his  instructions  are  not  being  carried  out.  Then  he  will  immediately 
advise  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Ottawa,  by  wire,  following 
the  telegram  by  a  letter  giving  a  complete  history  of  the  action,  with 
particulars  as  to  train,  date,  name  of  debarred  immigrant,  etc. 

(4)  The  law  requires  that  an  immigrant  who  is  deaf  and  dumb,  or  dumb,  blind, 
or  infirm,  rnust  not  be  permitted  to  come  into  Canada  unless  he  belongs  to  a  family 
accompanying  him,  or  already  in  Canada,  and  which  family  gives  security  satisfactory 
to  the  Minister  for  his  permanent  support  if  admitted  into  Canada. 

In  this  relation  if  the  Inspector  is  satisfied  that  there  are  no  other 
reasons  to  refuse  admission,  he  will  allow  party  to  go  forward  with 
faniily,  if  they  are  on  train,  or  to  family,  if  they  do  not  accompany, 
taking  careful  note  of  name,  destination,  permanent  address,  and  form 
and  number  of  ticket,  so  that  the  case  may  be  followed  up  sub- 
sequently, if  necessary. 

(5)  It  is  provided  by  the  regulations  issued  under  the  Act  that  immigrants  may  be 
prohibited  from  coming  into  Canada,  unless  they  come  from  the  country  of  their  birth, 
or  citizenship,  by  a  continuous  journey,  and  on  through  tickets  purchased  before 
leaving  the  country  of  their  birth,  or  citizenship. 

With  respect  to  the  above  it  may  be  remarked  that  authority  is 
thereby  given  to  exclude  certain  classes  of  persons,  when  the  labour 
conditions  prevailing  in  Canada  render  such  action  desirable.  When 
the  labour  conditions  are  not  such  as  to  render  necessary  the  general 


172  THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

application  of  this  regulation,  Inspectors  are  enabled,  by  it,  to  exclude 
individuals  whom  they  may  have  reason  to  suspect  are  undesirable, 
for  any  of  the  reasons  for  exclusion  set  forth  in  the  Immigration  Act. 
Particular  discretion  mil  have  to  be  exercised  in  cases  coming  under 
this  clause. 

(6)  Immigrants  arriving  between  the  1st  of  December  and  15th  of  February  may  be 
required  to  have  in  their  possession  $50  per  adult  passenger  besides  a  ticket  to  des- 
tination, and  at  other  times  $25  per  adult  passenger  and  ticket  to  destination. 

While  the  Inspector  will  be  very  careful  in  his  examination  to  see 
that  this  clause  is  complied  with,  he  will  not  enforce  it  in  cases  where 
satisfactory  evidence  is  furnished  that  the  immigrant  is  going  to  some 
definite  employment,  or  to  relatives  or  friends  already  settled  in  Can- 
ada who  will  take  care  of  such  immigrant. 

For  the  complete  checking  up  of  trains,  it  may  be  necessary  for  the 
Inspector  to  meet  the  Canada-bound  trains  at  a  stiition  on  the  Ameri- 
can side  of  the  boundai-y  line,  and  accompany  train  to  the  first  point 
at,  or  within,  the  Canadian  boundary. 

Inspectors  are  required  to  familiarize  themselves  thoroughly  with 
the  Immigration  Act  and  Amendments,  and  with  anyOrders  in  Council, 
proclamations  or  regulations,  made  thereunder,  and  they  are  further 
required  at  the  end  of  eacii  month,  and  from  time  to  time  as  they  may 
be  instructed,  to  repoit  in  writing  to  the  Superintendent  of  Immigra- 
tion, Ottawa,  upon  blanks  to  be  prescribed  by  him,  the  number  of  im- 
migrants passing  through  their  respective  ports  of  entry  and  such  other 
particulars  as  may  be  ordered. 

Cases  of  doubt  may,  to  save  time,  be  referred  to  the  Superintendent 
of  Immigration  at  Ottawa,  by  telegraph. 


Schedule  2. 

ORDER    OF   THE    MINISTER    OF   JUSTICE    UNDER   THE    IMMIGRATION    ACT. 

To  the  (Governor  or  Warden)  of  the  {gaol,  prison,  or  penitentiary): 

Whereas ,  an  immigrant  to  Canada  has  within  two  years  of  his  landing 

in  Canada  become  an  inmate  of [having  been  convicted  (or  being  charged  with) 

the  crime  of ]; 

And  whereas  under  the  provisions  of  the  Immigration  Act,  as  amended  by -, 

I  have  been  requested  bv  the  Minister  of  the  Interior  to  issue  an  order  to  you,  the  said 

(warden  or  governor,  as  the  case  maybe),  for  the  delivery  of  the  said — to 

the  person  named  in  the  warrant  of  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  with  a  view 
to  the  deportation  of  the  said (immigrant) : 

Now  know  you  that  I,  the  Minister  of  Justice  of  Canada,  do  hereby,  under  the  pro- 
visions of  the  said  Act,  order  you,  the  said  (warden  or  governor)  to  deliver  the  said 

to  • ,  who  has  been  authorized  by  warrant  of  the  Superintendent 

of  Immigration,  to  receive  said from  you  with  a  view  to  his  deportation 

under  the  provisions  of  the  said  Act. 

For  which  this  shall  be  your  sufficient  warrant. 

Given  at  Ottawa  this day  of ,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  19—,  under  my  hand 

and  seal  of  office. 

r^   g  1  Minister  of  Justice. 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  173 

WARRANT   OF  THE    SUPERINTENDENT   OF    IMMIGRATION    UNDER   THE    IMMIGRATION   ACT. 

To of : 


Whereas -_ — ,  an  immigrant  to  Canada,  has  within  two  years  of  his  landing 

in  Canada  become  an  inmate  of ; 

And  whereas  under  the  provisions  of  the  Immigration  Act,  as  amended  by  • 


the  Minister  of  the  Interior  has  ordered  the  deportation  of  the  said  immigrant  under 
the  provisions  thereof,  and  has  applied  to  the  Minister  of  Justice  for  an  order  addressed 
to  the  (governor  or  warden)  of  the  (gaol,  prison,  or  penitentiary),  commanding  him  to 
deliver  the  said  (immigrant)  into  your  custody  with  a  view  to  his  deportation  under 
the  provisions  of  the  said  act; 

Now  know  you  that ,  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  do  hereby  order 

and  authorize  you  the  said to  receive  the  said  (immigrant)  from  the  said  (gov- 
ernor or  warden)  and  him  the  said  (immigrant)  safely  to  keep  and  to  convey  through 
any  part  of  Canada  and  him  to  deliver  to  the  transportation  company  or  railway  com- 
pany which  brought  him  to  Canada,  with  a  view  to  his  deportation  to  the  port  from 
which  he  came  to  Canada. 

For  which  this  shall  be  your  sufficient  warrant. 

Given  at  Ottawa  this day  of ,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  19 — ,  under  my 

hand  and  seal. 


[l.  s.]  Superintendent  of  Immigration. 

The  following  form  (67  Imm.)  shows  the  evidence  that  is  required 
to  bring  about  the  deportation  of  an  undesirable  immigrant.  Copies 
of  this  form  may  be  obtained  by  writing  to  the  Superintendent  of 
Immigration,  Ottawa.     Letters  so  addressed  are  carried  post  free. 

The  recommendation  to  deport  should  be  signed  by  a  Mayor,  Reeve, 
or  other  public  officer  having  cognizance  of  the  facts. 

The  space  for  doctor's  certificate  may  be  left  blank  in  cases  other 
than  those  in  which  the  cause  of  deportation  is  disease,  or  mental  or 
physical  disability. 

FOR   THE   INFORMATION   OF  THE   SUPERINTENDENT   OF   IMMIGRATION,    OTTAWA. 

,  19-. 

Statement  in  re (undesirable  immigrant). 

Age,  — ;  nationality, ;  arrived  at  port  of  ■ by  steamship ;  date 

of  landing, ;  traveled  inland  on Railway;  present  whereabouts, ; 

why  deportation  is  suggested, ;  history  in  Canada, ;  whether  able  to  pay 

the  whole  or  any  part  of  the  cost  of  transportation, ;  name  and  address  of  friends 

in  the  Old  Country, ;  relationship,  ;  doctor's  certificate,  M.  D. 

(address), . 

Deportation  recommended  by 


(Address), . 

Form  67  Imm.] 

Note. — Four  copies  of  above  are  required,  and  if  the  undesirable  is  thought  to  be 
an  American  citizen,  by  birth  or  naturalization.  Form  67  A  "Supplementary  Informa- 
tion in  Case  of  Undesirable  Immigrants  from  the  United  States"  should  also  be  com- 
pleted in  quadruplicate. 


Appendix  H. 

IMMIGRATION    TO    CANADA    FOR    THE    FISCAL  YEAR    ENDING 

MARCH  31,  1910. 

The  Commission's  report  upon  the  Immip:ration  Situation  in 
Canada  is  based  on  data  covermg  a  period  endinoj  with  March  31, 
1909.  After  the  main  part  of  the  report  had  been  prepared  certain 
data  became  available  relative  to  immigration  to  the  Dominion 
during  the  fiscal  year  ending  March  31,  1910.  These  data  consist 
merely  of  figures  showing  the  number  and  race  or  nationality  of  im- 
migrants to  Canada  during  that  year,  which  were  made  available  for 
the  use  of  the  Commission  through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  W.  D.  Scott, 
Canadian  Superintendent  of  Immigration. 

The  followmg  table  shows  the  character  of  immigration  to  Canada 
for  the  year  mentioned  so  far  as  race  or  nationality  of  the  immigrants 
is  concerned: 


Table  45.— Total  immigration  to  Canada  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  March  31,  1910,  by 

race  or  nationality. 

[Compiled  from  statistical  table  furnished  by  Canadian  iinniisration  department.] 


Race  or  nationality. 


Arabian 

Armenian 

Australian 

Austria-Hungary: 

Bohemian 

Bukowinian 

Croatian 

Dalmatian 

Galician 

Magyar 

Ruthenian 

Slovak 

Austrian,  n.  e.  s.a. 

Hungarian,  n.  e.  s. 

Belgian 

Bulgarian 

Chinese 

Danish 

Dutch 

Egyptian 

French 

Germany: 

Bavarian 

Prussian 

Saxon 

German,  n.  e.  s... 

Greek 

Hebrew 

Hindu 

Icelandic 

Italian 


Number. 


203 

64 

724 

74 

,  n 

,368 

55 

568 

77 

,195 

621 

910 

557 

,156 

300 

741 

2 

,727 

2 
12 
3 

,516 

452 

1,182 

10 

95 

',118 


Race  or  nationality. 


o  Not  elsewhere  specified.  . 

b  Including  186  United  States  citizens  coming  to  Canada  via  ocean  ports. 


Number. 


Japanese 

Negro 

Newfoundland 

New  Zealand 

Norwegian 

Persian 

Polish 

Portuguese 

Roumanian 

Russia: 

Finnish 

Russian,  n.  e.  s 

Servian 

South  African 

Spanish 

Swedish 

Swiss 

Svrian 

Turkish 

United  Kingdom: 

English 

Irish 

Scotch  

Welsh 

United  States 

West  Indies: 

Bermudian 

Jamaican 

West  Indian,  n.  e.  s 

Grand  total 


271 

7 

3,372 

82 

1,370 

5 

1,407 

2 

293 

1,457 
4,5()4 
76 
97 
42 
2,017 
211 
1S5 
517 

40,416 

3,940 

14,706 

728 

103,984 

14 
43 
146 


208,794 


174 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 


175 


By  comparison  with  the  statistical  table  on  page  16  of  this  report 
it  will  be  noted  that  61,886  more  immigrants  were  admittea  to 
Canada  during  the  last  fiscal  year  than  during  the  preceding  fiscal 
year  ending  March  31,  1909.  The  number  admitted  during  the  fiscal 
year  1910,  however,  is  53,675  less  than  during  the  fiscal  year  ending 
March  31,  1908,  which  was  the  year  of  highest  immigration  to  the 
Dominion. 

Immigration  to  Canada  from  the  United  States  is  chiefly  respon- 
sible for  the  increase  in  the  total  numbers  between  the  fiscal  years 
ending  March  31,  1909,  and  March  31,  1910,  the  figures  for  these  years 
being,  respectively,  59,926  and  103,984,  or  an  increase  of  44,058  in 
the  latter  year. 

The  movement  to  Canada  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  March  31, 
1910,  by  geographical  divisions,  in  comparison  with  immigration  from 
the  same  countries  in  1908  and  1909,  is  shown  by  the  following  table: 

Table  46. —  Total  immigration  to  Canada,  hy  specified  countries  or  groups  of  countries, 

fiscal  years  1908  to  1910. 

[Compiled  from  statistical  tables  furnished  by  Canadian  immigration  department.] 


Race,  people,  or  country. 

Number. 

Per 

cent  of  total. 

1908. 

1909. 

1910. 

1908. 

1909. 

1910. 

North  and  west  European,  including  Icelandic. . 

133,136 
54,600 
58,445 
12, 108 
4,180 

60,274 

21,680 

59,926 

2.388 

2;  640 

70, 151 

28,237 

103,984 

2.437 

3,985 

50.7 

20.8 

22.3 

4.6 

1.6 

41.0 

14.8 

40.8 

1.6 

1.8 

33.6 
13.5 

49.8 

1.2 

Others 

1.9 

262, 409 

146,908 

208,794 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

The  most  significant  fact  shown  by  the  above  table  is  the  relative 
decrease  of  the  European  elements  and  the  increase  of  the  United 
States  element  in  the  immigration  movement  to  Canada  since  1908. 

It  will  be  noted  that  in  1908  northern  and  western  European  coun- 
tries furnished  50.7  per  cent  of  the  total  immigration,  while  the  United 
States  furnished  22.3  per  cent.  In  1910,  however,  49.8  per  cent  of  the 
total  number  of  immigrants  admitted  to  Canada  came  from  the  United 
States  and  33.6  per  cent  from  northern  and  western  Europe.  Immi- 
gration from  southern  and  eastern  Europe  to  Canada  was  relatively 
much  less  in  1910  than  in  1908,  the  decrease  being  from  20.8  per  cent 
of  the  total  immigration  in  1908  to  13.5  per  cent  of  the  total  in  1910. 

A  comparison  between  British  and  United  States  immigration  to 
Canada  during  the  years  under  discussion  is  shown  by  the  following 
table: 

T.\BLE  47. — British  and  United  States  immigration  to  Canada,  fiscal  years  1908  to  1910. 


Country. 


United  Kingdom. 
United  States 


.59, 790 
103,984 


176  THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

As  previously  stated,  1908  was  the  year  of  greatest  immigration  to 
Canada.  In  1909  there  was  a  sharp  decline  in  the  total  num})er 
admitted,  immigration  from  the  United  Kingdom  being  particularly 
affected.  There  was,  however,  a  slight  increase  in  the  immigration 
from  the  United  States  in  the  latter  year.  The  decline  in  immigra- 
tion to  Canada  between  1908  and  1909  was  due  to  unfavorable  con- 
ditions in  the  Dominion;  but  it  is  worthy  of  note  that  while  immi- 
gration from  Great  Britain  in  the  latter  year  fell  off,  considerably 
more  than  one-half  the  movement  from  the  United  States  was  not 
checked.  Improved  conditions  in  the  Dominion  in  1910  resulted  in 
an  increase  in  the  immigration  movement  from  practically  all  sources; 
but  it  is  a  striking  fact  that  immigration  from  the  United  States 
increased  73.5  per  cent,  wliile  the  increase  from  the  United  Kingdom 
was  only  13  per  cent. 

Data  are  not  available  to  show  what  each  State  and  Territory  con- 
tributed to  the  immigration  movement  to  Canada  from  the  United 
States  in  1910.  Neither  is  information  relative  to  the  occupation  of 
these  immigrants  available.  The  statistics  furnished  to  the  Com- 
mission by  the  Canadian  immigration  department,  however,  show 
that  included  in  the  103,984  persons  admitted  to  Canada  were  63,539 
males,  20,725  females,  and  19,720  children  whose  sex  is  not  given. 
These  last  figures  indicate  that  a  large  proportion  of  the  movement 
from  the  United  States  to  Canada  was  composed  of  families,  which 
substantiates  similar  statements  in  this  report  relative  to  the  immi- 
gration to  Canada  in  other  years. 


Appendix  I. 
THE  CANADIAN  IMMIGRATION  LAW  OF  MAY  4,   1910. 

After  the  presentation  to  Congress  of  ^ffi^Commission's  report 
on  the  Immigration  Situation  in  Canada  and  while  it  was  still  in 
the  hands  of  the  printer,  the  Government  immigration  bill  presented 
as  Appendix  B  of  this  report  was,  with  some  amendments  of  minor 
importance,  enacted  into  law.  The  new  law  became  effective  on 
May  4,  1910,  and,  with  the  various  orders-in-council  promulgated 
under  it,  was  published  on  May  IQ.^ 

While  the  new  law  makes  no  very  radical  changes  in  the  Canadian 
system  of  promoting  and  controlling  immigration,  such  changes  as 
have  been  made  are,  as  elsewhere  stated,  the  result  of  long  experience 
on  the  part  of  expert  officials,  and  as  such  are  entitled  to  considera- 
tion not  only  by  students  of  the  Canadian  system,  but  by  everyone 
interested  in  immigration  and  immigration  law.  Because  of  this 
the  law  is  published  in  full  as  a  part  of  this  report. 

AN  ACT  Respecting  Immigration. 
[Assented  to  4th  May,  1910.] 

His  Majesty,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Senate  and  House  of  Commons  of  Canada,  enacts  as 
follows : — 

SHORT    TITLE. 


1.  This  Act  mav  be  cited  as  The  Immio;ration  Act. 


Short  title. 


Definitions. 


'Minister.' 
'Officer." 


INTERPRETATION. 

2.  In  this  Act,  and  in  all  orders  in  council,  proclama- 
tions and  regulations  made  thereunder,  unless  the  context 
otherwise  recjuires, — 

{a)  "Minister"  means  the  Mmister  of  the  Interior; 

(h)  ''officer"  means  any  person  appointed  under  this 
Act,  for  any  of  the  purposes  of  this  Act,  and  any  officer  of 
customs;  and  includes  the  Superintendent  of  Immigra- 
tion, immigration  commissioners  and  inspectors  and  every 
person  recognized  by  the  Minister  as  an  immigration 
agent  or  officer  with  reference  to  anything  done  or  to  be 
done  under  this  Act,  whether  within  or  outside  of  Canada, 
and  whether  with  or  without  formal  appointment ; 

«  The  Law  and  Regulations  of  Canada  respecting  Immigration  and  Immigrants. 
Issued  by  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Ottawa,  May  16,  1910. 

35365— S.  Doc.  469,  61-2 12  177 


178  THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

"Officer  in      ((.)  ''immigration    officer    in    charge"    or    "officer    in 
charge.  charge"  means  the  immigration  officer,  or  medical  officer, 

or  other  person  in  immediate  charge  or  control  at  a  port 
of  entry  for  the  purposes  of  this  Act; 

"Domicile."  ((^)  "domicile"  means  the  place  in  which  a  person  has 
his  present  home,  or  in  which  he  resides,  or  to  which  he 
returns  as  his  place  of  present  permanent  abode,  and  not 

Ho^v  Canadian  fQp    q^   mere   special   or   temporary   purpose.     Canadian 
qui™d.*"  ^  ^''domicile  is  acquired  for  the  purposes  of  this  Act  by  a  per- 
son having  his  domicile  for  at  least  three  years  in  Canada 
after  having  been  landed  therein  within  the  meaning  of 

Proviso.  this  Act:  Provided  that  the  time  spent  by  a  person  in 

any  penitentiary,  gaol,  reformatory,  prison  or  asylum  for 
the  msane  in  Canada  shall  not  be  counted  in  the  three- 
year  period  of  residence  in  Canada  which  is  necessary  in 

How^ Canadian  Q J. jp J.  ^q  acquire  Canadian  domicile.     Canadian  domicile 

omiu  e  OS .  ,^  j^^^^  ^^^  ^^^^  piu-poses  of  this  Act,  by  a  person  voluntarily 
residing  out  of  Canada,  not  for  a  mere  special  or  tempo- 
rary purpose,  but  with  the  present  intention  of  making 
his  permanent  home  out  of  Canada  unless  and  until  some- 
thing which  is  unexpected,  or  the  happening  of  which  is 
uncertain,  shall  occur  to  induce  him  to  return  to  Canada. 

"Alien."  ((,)  < '  alien ' '  means  a  person  who  is  not  a  British  subject ; 

"Canadianciti-      (jT)  "(^lnadian  citizcu "  mcaus — 
'^°'  i,  a  })erson  born  in  Canada  who  has  not  become  an  alien; 

ii.  a  British  subject  who  has  Canadian  domicile;  or, 
iii.  a  person  naturalized  under  the  laws  of  Canada  who 
has  not  subsequently  become  an  alien  or  lost  Canadian 
domicile. 

Proviso.  Provided  that  for  the  purpose  of  this  Act  a  woman  who 

has  not  been  landed  in  Canada  shall  not  be  held  to  have 
acquired  Canadian  citizenship  by  virtue  of  her  husband 
being  a  Canadian  citizen;  neither  shall  a  child  who  has 
not  been  lancled  in  Canada  be  held  to  have  acquired 
Canadian  citizenship  through  its  father  or  mother  being  a 
Canadian  citizen; 

"Immigrant."  (^y)  "immigrant"  means  a  person  who  enters  Canada 
with  the  intention  of  acquiring  Canadian  domicile,  and  for 
the  purposes  of  this  act  every  person  entering  Canada 
shall  be  presumed  to  be  an  immigrant  unless  belonging  to 
one  of  the  following  classes  of  persons,  hereinafter  called 
grant*dassS  ™ ' ' " noii-immigraiit  classes " : — 
^anadian^' citi-     i.  Canadian  citizens;  and  persons  who  have  Canadian 

Domiciled  resi- domicile. 

^Diplomatic.  ii.  Diplomatic  and  consular  officers,  and  all  accredited 
representatives  and  officials  of  British  or  foreign  govern- 
ments, their  suites,  families  and  guests,  coming  to  Canada 
to  reside  or  to  discharge  any  official  duty  or  to  pass  through 
in  transit. 

Military.  [[[    Officers  and  men,  with  their  wives  and  families, 

belonging  to  or  connected  with  His  Majesty's  regular 
naval  and  military  forces. 

Tourist.  iy^  Tourists   and    travellers    merely    passing   through 

Canada  to  another  country. 


THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION   IN    CANADA, 


179 


Professional. 


Holders  of  per- 
mit to  enter  Can- 


V.  Students  entering  Canada  for  the  purpose  of  attend-    students. 
ance,  and  while  in  actual  attendance,  at  any  university 
or  college   authorized   by   statute  or  charter  to   confer 
degrees;  or  at  any  high  school  or  collegiate  institute  rec- 
ognized as  such  for  the  purpose  of  this  Act  by  the  Minister. 

vi.  Members  of  dramatic,  musical,  artistic,  athletic  or 
spectacular  organizations  entering  Canada  temporarily 
for  the  purpose  of  giving  public  performances  or  exhibi- 
tions of  an  entertaining  or  mstructive  nature;  and  actors, 
artists,  lecturers,  musicians,  priests  and  ministers  of 
religion,  professors  of  colleges  or  other  educational  insti- 
tutions, and  commercial  travellers,  entering  Canada  for 
the  temporary  exercise  of  their  respective  callings. 

vii.  Holders  of  a  permit  to  enter  Canada,  in  force.for  the 
time  being,  in  form  A  of  schedule  one  to  this  Act,  signed  ada 
by  the  Minister  or  by  some  person  duly  authorized:  Pro-  Proviso. 
vided  that  whenever  in  the  opinion  of  the  Minister  or 
Superintendent  of  Immigration  or  Board  of  Inquiry  or 
othcer  acting  as  such,  any  person  has  been  improperly 
included  in  any  of  the  non-immigrant  classes,  or  has 
ceased  to  belong  to  any  of  such  classes,  such  person  shall 
thereupon  be  considered  an  immigrant  within  the  meaning 
of  this  Act  and  subject  to  all  the  provisions  of  this  Act 
respecting  immigrants  seeking  to  enter  Canada. 

Qi)  "family"  mcludes  father  and  mother,  and  children 
imider  eighteen  years  of  age; 

(i)  "head  of  family"  means  the  father,  mother,  son, j,y 
daughter,  brother  or  sister  upon  wdiom  the  other  mem- 
bers of  the  family  are  mainly  dependent  for  support;     . 

(j)  "passenger"  means  a  person  lawfully  on  board  any 
ship,  vessel,  railway  train,  vehicle  or  other  contrivance 
for  travel,  or  transport,  and  also  includes  any  person  rid- 
ing, walking  or  otherwise  travelling  across  any  interna- 
tional bridge  or  highway;  but  shall  not  be  held  to  include 
the  master  or  other  person  in  control  or  command  of  such 
vessel,  ship,  railway  train,  vehicle,  bridge,  highway  or 
other  contrivance  for  travel  or  transport,  or  any  member 
of  the  crew  or  staff  thereof;  or  military  or  naval  forces 
and  their  families  who  are  carried  at  the  expense  of  the 
Government  of  the  United  Kingdom,  or  the  Government 
of  any  British  Dominion  or  Colony:  Provided  that  any 
member  of  the  crew  of  a  ship  or  of  the  staff  of  a  railway 
train  or  other  contrivance  ror  travel  or  transport  who 
deserts  or  is  discharged  in  Canada  fi'om  his  ship  or  railway 
train  or  other  contrivance  for  travel  or  transport  shall 
thereupon  be  considered  a  passenger  ^vi thin  the  meaning  of 
this  Act; 

(k)  "stowaway"  means  a  person  w^ho  goes  to  sea 
secreted  in  a  ship  without  the  consent  of  the  master  or 
other  person  in  charge  of  the  ship,  or  of  a  person  entitled 
to  give  such  consent;  or  a  person  who  travels  on  any  rail- 
way train  or  other  vehicle  without  the  consent  of  the  con- 
ductor or  other  person  authorized  to  give  such  consent; 


Family." 


Head  of  faui- 


"  Passenger.' 


Proviso. 


Stowaway. 


180 


THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 


'Master." 


'Port    of    en- 


try 


'Landed.' 


"Rejected." 


"Ship."  (I)  ''ship"  or  ''vessel"  includes  every  boat  and  craft 

of  any  kind  whatsoever  for  travel  or  transport  other  than 
by  land; 

(m)  "master"  means  any  person  in  command  of  a 
ship  or  vessel ; 

(n)  "owner"  as  applied  to  a  ship  or  vessel  includes  the 
charterers  of  such  ship  or  vessel  and  the  agent  of  the 
owner  or  charterer  thereof; 

(o)  "port  of  entry"  means  aii}^  port,  railway  station  or 
place  in  Canada  at  which  there  is  an  ofTicer  and  where 
inspection  of  immigrants  may  be  carried  on; 

(p)  "land,"  "landed"  or  "landing,"  as  applied  to  pas- 
sengers or  immigrants,  means  their  lawful  admission 
into  Canada  by  an  ofhcer  under  this  Act,  otherwise  than 
for  inspection  or  treatment  or  other  temporary  purpose 
provided  for  by  this  Act; 

iq)  "rejected,"  as  applied  to  an  immigrant  or  other 
person  seeking  to  enter  Canada,  means  that  such  immi- 
grant or  other  person  has  been  examined  by  a  Board  of 
Inquiry  or  ofiicer  acting  as  such  and  has  been  refused  per- 
mission to  land  in  Canada;         « 

(r)  "deportation"  means  the  removal  under  authority 
of  this  Act  of  any  rejected  immigrant  or  other  person,  or 
of  any  immigrant  or  other  person  who  has  already  been 
landed  in  Canada,  or  who  has  entered  or  who  remains  in 
Canada  contrary  to  any  provision  of  this  Act,  from  any 
place  in  Canada  at  which  such  immigrant  or  other  person 
IS  rejected  or  detained  to  the  place  wlience  he  came  to 
Canada,  or  to  the  country  of  his  birth  or  citizenship ; 

(s)  "immigrant  station"  means  any  i)lace  at  which 
inmiigrants  or  passengers  are  examineil,  inspected, 
treated  or  detained  by  an  ofiicer  for  any  ])urp()se  under 
this  Act,  and  includes  hospitals  maintained  for  the  pur- 
poses of  this  Act; 
"Transpor-  (t)  "transportation  company"  means  and  includes  any 
^^"''°''°"'P^°^'" corporate  body  or  organized  firm  or  person  carrying  or 
])roviding  for  the  transit  of  passengers,  whether  by  ship, 
railway,  bridge,  highway  or  otherwise,  and  any  two  or 
more  such  transportation  companies  co-operating  in  the 
business  of  carrying  passengers; 

(u)  "Immigration  Act"  or  "Act"  shall  be  held  to 
include  all  orders  in  council,  proclamations,  and  regula- 
tions made  hereunder. 


tion 


D  e  p  o  r  t  a- 


"I  m  til  i grant 
station." 


'Act. 


Prohibited 
classes  of  immi- 
grants. 


Persons     me: 
tally  defective. 


PROHIBITED    CLASSES. 

3.  No  immigrant,  passenger,  or  other  person,  unless  he 
is  a  Canadian  citizen,  or  has  Canadian  domicile,  shall  be 
permitted  to  land  in  Canada,  or  in  case  of  having  landed 
in  or  entered  Canada  shall  be  permitted  to  remain  therein, 
who  belongs  to  any  of  the  following  classes,  hereinafter 
called  "prohibited  classes": — 

(a)  Idiots,  imbeciles,  feeble-minded  persons,  epileptics, 
insane  persons,  and  persons  who  have  been  insane  within 
five  years  previous. 


THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  181              I 

(b)  Persons  afflicted  with  any  loathsome  disease,  or  Diseased  per-  J 
with  a  disease  which  is  contagious  or  infectious,  or  which  ^°°^' 

may  become  dangerous  to  the  pubhc  health,  whether  such  ' 

persons  intend  to  settle  in  Canada  or  only  to  pass  through  > 

Canada  in  transit  to  some  other  country:  Provided  that  if  < 

such  disease  is  one  which  is  curable  within  a  reasonably  | 

short  time,  such  persons  may,  subject  to  the  regulations  ' 

in  that  behalf,  if  any,  be  permitted  to  remain  on  board  | 

ship  if  hospital  facilities  do  not  exist  on  shore,  or  to  leave  ' 

ship  for  medical  treatment.  j 

(c)  Immigrants  who  are  dumb,  blind,  or  otherwise  phvs-  Persons  phys-  i 
ically  defective,  unless  in  the  opinion  of  a  Board  of  In- '<^^">' defective.  ., 
quiry  or  officer  acting  as  such  they  have  sufficient  money,  ] 
or  have  such  profession,  occupation,  trade,  employment  '< 
or  other  legitimate  mode  of  earning  a  living  that  they  are  I 
not  liable  to  become  a  public  charge  or  unless  they  belong  I 
to  a  family  accompanying  them  or  already  in  Canada  and  i 
which  gives  security  satisfactory  to  the  Minister  against  J 
such  immigrants  becoming  a  public  charge.  j 

(d)  Persons  who  have  been  convicted  of  any  crime  in-  criminals.  1 
volving  moral  turpitude.  ' 

(e)  Prostitutes  and  women  and  girls  coming  to  Canada  prostitutes 
for  any  immoral  purpose  and  pimps  or  persons  living  on  ^"'^  p'"*?^- 
the  avails  of  prostitution. 

(/)  Persons  who  procure  or  attempt   to   bring  into  procurers. 

Canada  prostitutes  or  women  or  girls  for  the  purpose  of  j 

prostitution  or  other  immoral  purpose.  ; 

ig)  Professional  beggars  or  vagrants,  or  persons  likely  Beggars    and          j 

to  become  a  public  charge.                                                         ^agran  s.  ^ 

(Ii)  Immigrants  to  whom  money  has  been  given  or  charity  immi-           | 

loaned  by  any  charitable  organization  for  the  purpose  of  ^'■^'^'^^-  "j 
enabling  them  to  qualify  for  landing  in  Canada  under 

this  Act,   or  whose  passage  to  Canada  has  been  paid  j 

wholly  or  in  part  by  any  charitable  organization,  or  out  i 

of  public  moneys,  unless  it  is  shown  that  the  authority  in  i 
writing  of  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  or  in  case 
of  persons  coming  from  Europe,  the  authority  in  writing 

of  the  assistant  Superintendent  of  Immigration  for  Can-  | 

ada,  in  London,  has  been  obtained  for  the  landing  in  Can-  j 
ada  of  such  persons,  and  that  such  authority  has  been 

acted  upon  within  a  period  of  sixty  days  thereafter.  , 

(i)  Persons  who  do  not  fulfil,  meet  or  comply  with  the ^  Persons    not  | 

conditions  and  requirements  of  any  regulations  which  f or  re^hiUo^ns.  ^'  ] 

the  time  being  are  in  force  and  applicable  to  such  persons  i 

under  sections  37  or  38  of  this  Act.  : 

4.  The  Minister  may  issue  a  written  permit  authorizing  Permit  to  enter          , 

any  person  to  enter  Canada  without  being  subject  to  the  ^°^  *"                     j 

provisions  of  this  Act.     Such  permit  shall  be  in  the  form  j 

A  of  the  schedule  to  this  Act,  and  shall  be  expressed  to  1 
be  in  force  for  a  specified  period  only,  but  it  may  at  any 
time  be  extended  or  cancelled  by  the  Minister  in  writing. 
Such  extension  or  cancellation  shall  be  in  the  form  AA  of 
the  schedule  to  this  Act. 


182  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

APPOINTMENT,    POWERS    AND    DUTIES    OF    OFFICERS. 

piBcers  ap-  6.  The  Govemor  in  Council  may  appoint  a  superin- 
eraoJ^^n  c^o.ndi' tendent  of  immigration,  commissioners  of  immigration, 
and  such  other  officers  as  are  deemed  necessary  for  carrying 
out  the  provisions  of  this  Act. 
J m migration  2.  The  Govemor  in  Council  may  establish  and  main- 
tain immigration  offices  at  such  places  within  and  outside 
of  Canada  as  from  time  to  time  seems  proper. 


offices. 


Officers  ap-  6.  Subject  to  any  regulations  in  that  behalf,  the  Min- 
fster^^*^  ^^  '"'ister  may  appoint  or  employ,  either  permanently  or  tem- 
porarily, any  subordinate  officers,  not  otherwise  provided 
for,  required  in  furtherance  of  the  provisions  and  objects 
of  this  Act,  including  medical  officers,  inspectors,  guards, 
matrons  and  nurses  at  immigrant  stations,  and  may  con- 
fer upon  them,  and  charge  them  with,  such  power  and 
duties  as  he  considers  necessary  or  expedient. 

Assistance  in  7.  Subject  to  any  regulation  in  that  behalf,  all  offiicers 
gency/^  """"appointed  or  having  authority  under  this  Act  may,  in 
emergency,  employ  such  temporary  assistance  as  is  re- 
quired for  carrying  out  any  duty  devolving  upon  them 
under  this  Act,  but  no  such  employment  shall  continue 
for  a  period  of  more  than  forty-eight  hours  without  the 
sanction  of  the  Minister. 

Immigration      8.  Whcu  at  a  port  of  cutry  there  is  no  immigration  offi- 
agent  ex-offic.o.    ^^^.  available  for  duty  undt^  this  Act,  tlie  chief  customs 
officer  at  that  port  or  any  sul)ordinate  customs  olPicer  des- 
ignated by  him  shall  be,  ex-oflicio,  an  immigration  ofhcer. 


cers 


Duties  of  offi-  9.  Every  officer  appointed  under  this  Act  shall  perform 
all  duties  prescribed  for  him  by  this  Act,  or  by  any  order 
in  council,  proclamation  or  regulation  made  thereunder, 
and  shall  also  perform  such  duties  as  are  required  of  him 
by  the  Minister,  either  (Urectly  or  through  any  other  offi- 
cer; and  no  action  taken  by  any  such  ollicer  under  or  for 
any  purpose  of  this  Act  shall  be  deemed  to  be  invalid  or 
unauthorized  merely  because  it  was  not  taken  by  the  offi- 
cer specially  appointed  or  detailed  for  the  purpose. 

Autiiority    as      10.  Every  officer  appointed  under  this  Act  shall  have 
special  constable.  ^^^^  authority  and  power  of  a  special  constable  to  enforce 
any  of  the  provisions  of  this  Act  relating  to  the  arrest,  de- 
tention or  deportation  of  immigrants,   aliens  or  other 
persons. 

Duties  of  police      n.  All  constablcs  and  other  peace  officers  in  Canada, 
o^-Min^^ter*"^  "^whether  appointed  under  Dominion,  provincial,  or  mu- 
nicipal authority,  shall,  when  so  directed  by  the  Minister 
or  by  an}'  officer  under  this  Act,  receive  and  execute  ac- 
cording to  tlie  tenor  thereof  any  written  order  of  the  Min- 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  183 

ister,  or  of  the  Minister  of  Justice,  or  of  a  Board  of  Inquiry 
or  officer  acting  as  such,  and  any  warrant  of  the  Superin- 
tendent of  Immigration,  for  the  arrest,  detention  or  de- 
portation of  any  immigrant,  aHen  or  other  person  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  provisions  of  this  Act. 

12.  For  the  preservation  of  the  peace,  and  in  order  that    ^ight  of  locai 

1^  1       P  jx  'jjii  /•  police     to     enter 

arrests  may  be  made  ror  oiiences  against  tlie  laws  or  immigrant  sta- 
Canada,  or  of  any  province  or  municipahty  thereof,  where-  '^'°°^' 
in  the  various  immigrant  stations  are  located,  the  officers 
in  charge  of  such  immigrant  stations,  as  occasion  may  re- 
quire, shall  admit  therein  any  constables  or  other  peace 
officers  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  such  laws;  and 
for  the  purposes' of  this  section  the  authority  of  such  offi- 
cers and  the  jurisdiction  of  the  local  courts  shall  extend 
over  such  immigrant  stations. 

APPOINTMENT,     POWERS    AND    PROCEDURE    OF    BOARDS  OF 

INQUIRY. 

13.  The  Minister  may  appoint  three  or  more  officers,  of  ^j-^p p.^^°*^^j°^ 
whom  the  immigration  officer  in  charge  shall  be  one,  atquin-- 

any  port  of  entry,  to  act  as  a  permanent  Board  of  Inquiry 
for  the  summary  determination  of  all  cases  of  immigrants 
or  passengers  seeking  to  enter  Canada  or  detained  for  any 
cause  under  this  Act. 

14.  Such  Boards  of  Inquiry  shall  have  authority  to  de- .  A.utiiority     of 
termine  whether  an  immigrant,  passenger  or  other  per- 
son seeking  to  enter  Canada  or  detained  for  any  cause 

under  this  Act,  shall  be  allowed  to  enter  or  remain  in 
Canada,  or  shall  be  rejected  and  deported. 

15.  The  hearing  of  all  cases  brought  before  such  Board  ^j^^g^^^'j^^^s^  °^ 
of  Inquiry  shall  be  separate  and  apart  from  the  public, 

but  in  the  presence  of  the  immigrant,  passenger  or  other  ^ 

person  concerned  whenever  practicable,  and  such  immi- 
grant, passenger  or  other  person  shall  have  the  right  to  be 
represented  by  counsel  whenever  any  evidence  or  testi- 
mony touching  the  case  is  received  by  the  Board,  and  a 
summary  record  of  proceedings  and  of  evidence  and  testi- 
mony taken  shall  be  kept  by  the  Board. 

2.  The  Board,  and  any  member  thereof,  may,  at  discre-    Taking  of  evi- 
tion,  administer  oaths  and  take  evidence  under  oath  or  by 
affirmation  in  any  form  which  they  deem  binding  upon  the 
person  being  examined. 

16.  In  all  such  cases,  such  Board  of  Inquiry  may  at  the  be  ^cei^ved"'^^  *° 
hearing,  receive  and  base  its  decision  upon  any  evidence, 
considered  credible  or  trustworthy  by  such  Board  in  the 
circumstances  of  each  case;  and  in  all  cases  where  the 
question  of  the  right  to  enter  Canada  under  this  Act  is 

raised  the  burden  of  proof  shall  rest  upon  the  immigrant, 
passenger  or  other  person  claiming  such  right. 


184  THE    IMMIGRATIOX    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

jorUy'^to°prev^L"  ^'^ •  ^he  Board  of  Inquiry  shall  appoint  its  own  chair- 
man and  secretary  to  keep  the  record  of  its  proceedings, 
and  in  all  cases  and  questions  before  it  the  decision,  which 
decision  shall  be  in  writing,  of  a  majorit}'  of  the  Board 
shall  prevail. 

appelf  ''aHowed      ^^-  There  sliall  be  no  appeal  from  the  decision  of  such 
from  board.        Board  of  Inquiry  as  to  the  rejection  and  deportation  of 
immigrants,  passengers  or  other  persons  seeking  to  ladn 
in  Canada,  when  such  decision  is  based  upon  a  certificate 
of  the  examining  medical  officer  to  the  effect  that  such 
immigrants,  passengers  or  other  persons  are  afflicted  with 
any  loathsome  disease,  or  with  a  disease  which  may  be- 
come dangerous  to  the  public  health,  or  that  they  come 
within  any  of  the  following  prohibited  classes,  nameh^, 
idiots,  imbeciles,  feeble-minded  persons,  epileptics  and 
Canadian  %iti°  i^saue  pcrsous :  Provided  always  that  Canadian  citizens 
zens.  and  persons  who  have  Canadian  domicile  shall  be  per- 

mitted to  land  in  Canada  as  a  matter  of  right. 

Cases  where      19.  In  all  cascs  otlicr  than  provided  for  in  the  next 
from\)oard^^'^   preceding  section  an  appeal  may  be  taken  to  the  Minister 
against  the  decision  of  any  such  Board  of  Inquiry  or 
officer  in  charge  by  the  immigrant,  passenger  or  other 
person  concerned  in  the  case,  if  the  appellant  forthwith 
serves  written  notice  of  such  appeal,  (which  notice  may 
be  in  form  C  in  the  schedule  to  this  Act),  upon  the  officer 
in  charge,  or  the  officer  in  whose  custody  the  appellant 
may  be,  and  shall  at  the  same  time  deposit  with   such 
officer  the  sum  of  twenty  dollars   for   himself   and   ten 
dollars  for  each  child  or  other  person  dependent  upon 
such  appellant  and  detained  with  him,  such  sum  to  be 
used  for  the  purpose  of  defraying  the  cost  of  maintaining 
the  appellant  and  those  dependent  upon  him,  pending 
the  decision  of  the  Minister  on  such  appeal.     In  case 
of  the  appeal  being  allowed  by  the  Minister  or  by  the 
Board  of  Inquiry  on  a  re-hearing,  then  the  said  sum 
Security    forshall  be  returned  to  the  appellant;  and  in  case  of  the 
nance"   pending  appeal  being  disallowcd  by  the  ^linister  or  by  the  Board 
appeal.  ^f  Inquiry  on  a  re-hearing,  then  tlie  balance  of  such  sum, 

if  any,  after  deduction  of  regular  detention  charges  for 
board,  shall  be  returned  to  the  appellant;  and  the  appel- 
lant shall  forthwith  be  deported. 

Notice  of  ap-  20.  NoticB  of  appeal  and  deposit  of  the  said  sum  shall 
act  as  a  stay  of  all  proceedings  until  a  final  decision  is 
rendered  by  the  Minister,  and  within  forty-eight  hours 
after  the  filing  of  the  said  notice  and  deposit  of  the  said 
sum  a  summary  record  of  the  case  shall  be  forwarded 
by  the  immigration  officer  in  charge  to  the  Superintendent 

stay    of   pro- of  Immigration,  accompanied  by  his  views  thereon  in 

eeedings.  •.•  °  ^  "^ 

^  writmg. 


THE    IMMIGEATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  185 

21.  Pending  the  decision  of  the  ^linister,  the  appellant  ^^Appeiiam^^.i^n 
and  those  dependent  upon  liini  shall  be  kept  in  custody  decision  of  Min- 
at  an  immigrant  station,  unless  released  under  bond  as'^^"^' 
provided  for  in  section  33  of  this  Act. 

22.  When  there  is  no  Board  of  Inquiry  at  a  port  of  ^j^^;,^^^;]  ^^^,7^^;;! 
entry,  or  at  a  neighbouring  port  to  which  a  person  de-  erased^  by  omcer 
tained  under  this  Act  could  conveniently  be  conveyed,'"'  '"^^^' 

or  to  which  a  case  for  decision  could  conveniently  be 
referred,  then  the  officer  in  charo;e  shall  exercise  the 
powers  and  discharge  the  duties  ot  a  Board  of  Inquiry 
and  shall  follow  as  nearly  as  may  be  the  procedure  of 
such  Board  as  regards  hearing  and  appeal  and  all  other 
matters  over  which  it  has  jurisdiction. 

23.  No  court,  and  no  judge  or  officer  thereof,  shall  have  eourttfnf^es  of 
iurisdiction  to  review,  quash,  reverse,  restrain  or  other- rejection  and  de- 

J    .         .  ,.  . ,  1  '     ^  1  •  1       •    •  1  (•  p  o  r  t  a  1 1  o  n   re- 

wise  mterlere  with  any  proceedmg,  decision  or  order  ot  striated. 
the  Minister  or  of  any  Board  of  Inquiry,  or  officer  in 
charge,  had,  made  or  given  under  the  authority  and  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  Act  relating  to 
the  detention  or  deportation  of  any  rejected  immigrant, 
passenger  or  other  person,  upon  any  ground  whatsoever, 
unless  such  person  is  a  Canadian  citizen  or  has  Canadian 
domicile. 

24.  The  Governor  in  Council  may  make  such  further  jJ^^J^the^^^^regu^ 
regulations  governing  the  procedure  of  Boards  of  Inquiry  boards. 

and  appeal  therefrom  as  are  deemed  necessary. 

SPECIAL    PROVISION    AS    TO    PASSENGERS    BY    VESSEL. 

'     25.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  every  transportation  com- ^jp^^^^^°|^J^,^.*^° 
nanv  bringinof  passengers  or  other  persons  to  Canada  bv  places  designdted 

1         ■    ,  »      &    I  p  r  .    ,j  ^,      ofticer       in 

vessel  to  prevent  such  passengers  or  other  persons  leav- charge. 

ing  such  vessel  in  Canada  at  any  time  or  place  other  than 

as  designated  by  the  immigration  officer  in  charge,  and 

the  failure  of  any  such  company  to  comply  with  such 

duty  shall  be  an^  offence  against  this  Act  and  shall  be    Penalty. 

punished  by  a  fine  of  not  more  than  five  hundred  dollars 

and  not  less  than  twenty  dollars,  in  respect  of  each  such 

passenger  or  person  and  every  passenger  or  other  person 

so  landed  may  be  arrested  and  detained  for  examination 

as  contemplated  under  section  33  of  this  Act. 

26.  The  master  shall  furnish  to  the  immigration  officer    Biii  of  health. 
in  charge  at  the  port  of  entry  a  bill  of  health,  certified  by 

the  medical  officer  of  the  vessel,  such  bill  of  health  being 
in  the  form  and  containing  such  information  as  is  required 
from  time  to  time  under  this  Act. 

27.  Before  any  passengers  are  permitted  to  leave  a  ^^^0®^^^  ™f J  eo 
vessel  in  Canada  the  immigration  officer  in  charge,  or 

any  officer  directed  by  him,  may  go  on  board  and  inspect 
such  vessel,  and  examine  and  take  extracts  from  the 
manifest  of  passengers,  and  from  the  bill  of  health. 


186  THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

Master  to  per-      o.  The  master  shall  permit  any  examination  of  pas- 
of '  passengers  on  sengers  required  under  this  Act  to  be  made  on  board  his 
board  ship.         yessel  whenever  so  directed  by  the  immigration  officer  in 
charge. 

Medical  exami-  28.  Mcdical  officers  appointed  under  this  Act  shall 
gers°°  °  P^®^*^""  n^ai^e  a  physical  and  mental  examination  of  all  immi- 
grants and  passengers  seeking  to  land  in  Canada  from 
any  ship  or  vessel,  except  in  the  case  of  Canadian  citizens 
and  persons  who  have  Canadian  domicile.  Such  exami- 
nation shall  be  made  in  accordance  with  and  subject  to 
regulations  prescribed  by  the  Superintendent  of  Immi- 
gration under  the  direction  or  with  the  approval  of  the 
Minister. 

When  perniis-  29.  The  immigration  officer  in  charge,  after  satisfying 
sen"gers  ^"o  ^bt  himself  that  the  requirements  of  this  Act,  and  of  any 
granted.  order  in  council,  proclamation  or  regulation  made  there- 

under, have  been  carried  out,  shall  grant  written  permis- 
sion to  the  master  of  the  vessel  to  allow  the  passengers  to 
leave  the  vessel. 

SPECIAL    PROVISION    AS    TO    PASSENGERS    BY    LAND. 

Liability  o  f  QQ  Evcrv  trans{)ortation  company  carrying  passengers 
erating""^^  °"  in  Canada  by  land  shall,  for  the  purposes  of  this  Act,  be 
considered  as  one  with  any  transportation  company  with 
which  it  co-operates  or  makes  or  affords  connection 
whether  in  Canada  or  not  and  whether  under  the  same 
management  or  not,  and  shall  be  liable  for  any  offence 
against  this  Act  by  any  comj)any  with  which  it  so  co-oper- 
ates or  makes  or  affords  connection. 

Obligations  of      31,  Regulations    made    by    the    Governor   in    Council 
conipan'ie°s'^bring-  uudcr  tliis  Act  mav  })rovi(le  that  the  obligations  of  trans- 
iald^'^^^^°^^'^^''^portation  companies  bringing  immigrants  and  passengers 
mto  Canada  by  land  shall  be  similar  to  those  imj^osed  hy 
this  Act  on  masters  and  owners  of  vessels  bringing  immi- 
grants and  passengers  to  Canada,  including  the  furnishing 
of    names    and    descrii)tions    of    such    immigrants    and 
passengers. 
Detention    of      o.  Such    regulations   may    also    provide    that    officers 
under  this  Act  shall  have  the  power  to  hold  and  detain 
railway  trains,  cars  and  other  vehicles  entering  Canada 
until  examination  of  immigrants  and  passengers  has  been 
made  as  required  by  this  Act;  and  may  provide  penalties 
for  non-compliance  with  such  regulations  by  transporta- 
tion companies,  or  any  official  or  employee  thereof. 
Obligations  of     3    g^ch   regulations   may   also  impose   a   duty   upon 

transportation  .     >^  .         ^  .  ,   f^  .  -^         ^. 

companies  to  pro- transportation  companies  to  provide,  equip  and  main- 
bu1wingi^^^°^'°°  tain  suitable  buildings  for  the  examination  and  deten- 
tion of  passengers  for  any  purpose  under  this  Act  at  such 
Eorts  or  entry  or  border  stations  as  may  be  designated 
y  the  Minister;  and   may   provide   penalties  for  non- 
compliance   by    transportation    companies    with    such 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  187               J 

regulations:  Provided  that  no  transportation  company  Proviso.                    \ 

shall  be  made  liable  for  the  safe-keeping  of  any  person 

who  is  in  custody  of  an  officer  for  any  cause  under  this 

Act,  unless  such  person  is  on  a  vessel,  railway  train  or  i 

other  vehicle  belonging  to  or  operated  or  controlled  by  \ 

such  company.  j 

32.  Subject  to  any  regulations  made  under  the  preced- g^^^fj'^>^\t/^°°s  f^^ 

ing  section,  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  under  passengers  along  , 

the  direction  or  with  the  approval  of  the  Minister,  shall  ^'^'^*'°'^^^'^'  ' 

prescribe  regulations  for  the  entry,  inspection  and  medical  i 

examination   of   immigrants    and    passengers    along   the  j 

border  of  Canada  so  as  not  to  unnecessarily  dela}^,  impede  ! 

or  annoy  passengers  in  ordinary  travel.  ' 

LANDING    OF    PASSENGERS.  \ 

33.  Every  passenger  or  other  person  seeking  to  landsg^gg^g'^^^^P^^'  1 
in  Canada  shall  first  appear  before  an  immigration  officer,  | 
and  shall  be  forthwith  examined  as  required  under  this  j 
Act,  either  on  shipboard  or  on  train  or  at  some  other 

place  designated  for  that  purpose.  \ 

2.  Every  passenger  or  other  person  seeking  to  land  in  -^^^^^^^""^  *°  " 
Canada  shall  answer  truly  all  questions  put  to  him  by  any  ^^^^  '°°^'  j 
officer  when  examined  under  the  authority  of  this  Act.  j 

3.  Every  passenger  or  other  person  so  examined  shall  Doubtful  cases.  i 
be  immediately  landed  unless  the  examining  officer  has  i 
reason  to  believe  that  the  landing  of  such  passenger  or  | 
other  person  would  be  contrarv  to  any  provision  of  this  i 

Act.                                               ^             ^                          .  \ 

4.  Every  passeng-er  or  other  person,  as  to  whose  right.  Examination  ; 

,         1.1^  •     •  m  1  1        u  i.        1      1 1    u     in  doubtful  cases. 

to  land  the  exammmg  officer  has  any  doubt,  shall   be  ! 

detained  for  further  examination  by  the  officer  in  charge,  ■ 

or  by  the  Board  of  Inquiry,  and  such  examination  shall  ! 

be   fo^th^\^th   conducted  separate   and   apart  from   the  j 
public,  and  upon  the  conclusion  thereof  such  passenger 

or  other  person  shall  be  either  immediately  landed  or  shall  j 

be  rejected  and  kept  in  custody  pending  his  deportation.  i 

5.  An  order  for  deportation  by  a  Board  of  Inquiry  or  Deportation.  j 
officer  in  charge  may  be  made  in  the  form  B  in  the  sched- 
ule to  this  Act,  and  a  copy  of  the  said  order  shall  forth-  j 
with,  be  delivered  to  such  passenger  or  other  person,  and  j 
a  copy  of  the  said  order  shall  at  the  same  time  be  served  , 
upon  the  master  or  owner  of  the  ship  or  upon  the  local  ' 
agent  or  other  official  of  the  transportation  company  by 

which  such  person  was  brought  to  Canada;  and  such  per- 
son shall  thereupon  be  deported  by  such  company  sub- 
ject to  any  appeal  which  may  have  been  entered  on  his 
behalf  under  section  19  of  this  Act. 

6.  Every  person  who  enters  Canada  except  at  a  port  oi  ^^^^^  ^'^  ''^p°''* 
entry  shall  forthwith  report  such  entry  to  the  nearest 
immigration  officer  and  present  himself  for  examination 
as  provided  by  this  section. 


188  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION   IN    CANADA. 

Avoiding  port     7    ^jjy  persoii  who  enters  Canada  except  at  a  port  of 
°  ™  '^^'  entry,  or  who  at  a  port  of  entry  eludes  examination  by 

an  officer  or  Board  of  Inquiry,  or  who  enters  Canada  by 
force  or  misrepresentation  or  stealth  or  other^\dse  con- 
trary to  any  provision  of  this  Act,  or  who  escapes  fi'om 
the  custody  of  an  officer  or  from  an  immiOTant  station 
when  detained  for  any  cause  under  this  Act,  shall  be 
guilty  of  an  offence  under  this  Act,  and  liable  on  convic- 
tion to  a  fine  of  not  more  than  one  hundred  dollars,  and 
may  be  arrested  and  detained  without  a  warrant  by  any 
officer  for  examination  as  provided  under  this  section; 
and  if  found  not  to  be  a  Canadian  citizen,  or  not  to  have 
Canadian  domicile,  such  entry  shall  in  itself  be  sufficient 
cause  for  deportation  whenever  so  ordered  by  a  Board 
of  Inquiry  or  officer  in  charge  subject  to  any  appeal  which 
may  have  been  entered  under  section  19  of  this  Act. 
Penalty  for  g.  Any  transportation  company  or  person  kno-vvingly 
id°immi|rant.  ""and  wilfully  landing,  or  assisting  to  land  or  attempting 
to  land  in  Canada,  any  prohibited  immigrant  or  person 
whose  entry  into  Canada  has  been  forbidden  under  this 
Act,  shall  be  guilty  of  an  offence  and  shall  be  liable  on  con- 
viction, to  a  fine  of  not  more  than  five  hundred  dollars 
and  not  less  than  fifty  dollars  for  each  prohibited  immi- 
o;rant  or  other  person  so  landed  in  Canada,  or  whose  land- 
mg  in  Canada  was  so  attempted. 
Interference  9,  Aoy  transportation  company  or  person  interfering 
perfonnaiice^  of  witli  or  resisting  an  immigration  officer  in  the  performance 
^"'y-  of  his  duty  under  this  Act,  or  knowingly  and  wilfully 

assisting  in  the  escape  of  any  person  detained  by  an  officer, 
or  at  an  immigrant  station,  for  any  purpose  under  this 
Act,  or  giving  false  information  to  an  officer,  whereby  such 
officer  is  induced  to  land  or  permit  the  landing  of  any 
person  in  Canada  who  otherwise  would  be  refused  landing 
for  any  cause  under  this  Act  or  would  be  detained  for 
examination,  shall  be  guilty  of  an  offence,  and  shall  be 
liable  to  a  fine  of  not  more  than  five  hundred  dollars  and 
not  less  than  twenty  dollars  for  each  such  offence. 
Penalty  for  iQ,  Evcry  pcrson  wlio  enters  Canada  as  a  tourist  or 
° "  "^  to  beluch  traveller  or  other  non-immigrant,  but  who  ceases  to  be 


ceases 


failing  to  report,  g^^j^  ^^^ j  remains  in  Canada,  shall  forthwith  report  such 
facts  to  the  nearest  immigration  officer  and  shall  present 
himself  before  an  oflicer  for  examination  under  this  Act, 
and  in  default  of  so  doing  he  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  of  not 
more  than  one  hundred  dollars  and  shall  also  be  liable  to 
deportation  by  order  of  a  Board  of  Inquiry  or  officer  act- 
ing as  such. 
Release  under     n.  Pending  the  final  disposition  of  the  case  of  any  per- 

deposit^''^^™''^  son  detained  or  taken  into  custody  for  any  cause  imder 
this  Act  he  may  be  released  under  a  bond,  which  bond 
may  be  in  the  form  F  in  the  schedule  to  this  Act,  \vith 
security  approved  by  the  officer  in  charge,  or  may  be 
released  upon  deposit  of  money  mth  the  officer  in  charge 
in  lieu  of  a  bond,  and  to  an  amount  approved  by  such 
officer;  upon  condition  that  such  person  shall  appear 
before  a  Board  of  Inquiry  or  officer  acting  as  such  at  any 


THE    IMMIGEATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  189 

port  of  entry  named  by  the  officer  in  charge,  and  at  such 
time  as  shall  be  named,  for  examination  in  regard  to  the 
cause  or  complaint  on  account  of  which  he  has  been  de- 
tained or  taken  into  custody. 

12.  If  such  person  fail  to  appear  for  examination  ^^ nZr'ioTlxsimh^- 
such  time  and  place  named,  or  shall  fail  to  keep  andtion. 
observe  every  other  condition  under  which  he  is  so  released, 
then  such  bond  shall  be  enforced  and  collected,  and  the 
proceeds  thereof,  or  the  money  deposited  in  lieu  of  a  bond, 
as  the  case  may  have  been,  shall  be  paid  into  the  hands  of 
the  Minister  of  Finance,  and  shall  form  part  of  the  Con- 
solidated Revenue  Fund  of  Canada;  and  such  person 
may  be  taken  into  custody  forthwith  and  deported  by 
order  of  a  Board  of  Inquiry  or  officer  acting  as  such. 

MEDICAL  TREATMENT  OF  SICK  AND  DISABLED  PASSENGERS. 

34.  A  passenger  or  other  person  seeking  to  enter  j^^'t^'''^^  *'^^*' 
Canada  or  who  has  been  rejected  or  is  detained  for  any 
purpose  under  this  Act,  who  is  suffering  from  sickness  or 
physical  or  mental  disability,  may  whenever  it  is  so 
directed  by  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration  or  officer 
in  charge  be  afforded  medical  treatment  on  board  ship  or 
in  an  immigrant  station,  or  may  be  removed  to  a  suitable 
hospital  for  treatment,  according  as  the  officer  in  charge 
decides  is  required  by  existing  circumstances  and  the  con- 
dition of  the  person's  health  as  reported  upon  by  the  exam- 
ining medical  officer. 

2.  If,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Superintendent  of  Immi-portauon*''''com- 
gration,  or  of  the  officer  in  charge,  the  transportation  panies^^iiabie^_for 
company  which  brought  such  person  to  Canada  failed  treatment. 

to  exercise  proper  vigilance  or  care  in  so  doing,  then  the 
cost  of  his  hospital  treatment  and  medical  attention  and 
maintenance  shall  be  paid  by  such  transportation  com- 
pany, and  otherwise  the  cost  thereof  shall  be  collected 
from  such  person,  and  if  that  be  not  possible  then  the 
cost  thereof  shall  be  paid  by  the  Department  of  the 
Interior. 

3.  The  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  or  officer  in    cost  of  attend- 

,  i  ,  ...  •  1  1  1     •      ant  or  dependent. 

charge,  may,  whenever  it  is  considered  necessary  or  advis- 
able for  the  proper  care  of  such  persons,  direct  that  a 
suitable  attendant,  or  someone  upon  whom  such  person 
is  dependent,  or  someone  who  is  dependent  upon  such 
person,  as  the  case  may  be,  shall  be  kept  with  such 
person  during  his  medical  treatment  on  board  ship  or 
at  an  immigrant  station  or  hospital,  or  in  case  of  deporta- 
tion from  any  place  within  Canada  shall  accompany  such 
person  to  his  port  of  embarkation  from  Canada;  and  the 
cost  thereof  shall  be  paid  by  the  said  transportation  com- 
pany whenever  in  the  opinion  of  the  Superintendent  of 
Immigration  it  has  failed  to  exercise  proper  vigilance  or 
care  as  aforesaid,  and  otherwise  the  cost  thereof  shall 
be  collected  from  such  person,  and  if  that  be  not  possible 
then  the  cost  thereof  shall  be  paid  by  the  Department  of 
the  Interior. 


190  THE  IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

mm?nof'tocra-      ^^*  ^  passeiigep  or  other,  person  permitted  to  enter 
stitute  landing.    Canada  for  medical  treatment  under  this  Act  shall  not 
be  regarded  as  landed  within  the  meaning  of  this  Act. 

Regulations  for     36.  The   Superintendent   of   Immigration,    under   the 

persons  for'^t^at-  tUrcction  or  With  tlic  approval  of  the  Minister,  shall  pre- 

s^n?tariums.^^'''°  scribe   regulations   whereby   sick    and    diseased   persons 

may  enter  Canada  for  treatment  and  care  at  any  health 

resort,   hospital,  sanitarium,   asylum  or  other  place  or 

institution  for  the  cure  or  care  of  such  persons. 

REGULATIONS     AS    TO     MONETARY    AND    OTHER    REQUIRE- 
MENTS   FROM    SPECIFIED    CLASSES    OF    IMMIGRANTS. 

Immigrants      37.  ReiTulations    made    by    the    Governor   in   C^ouncil 

may  be  required  1         , 1   •       »      ,  •  i  1  •  i  •  •  •      • 

to  possess  pre-  uudcr  this  Act  may  provide  as  a  condition  to  permission 
o7money.^™°"°' to  land  in  Canada  that  immigrants  and  tourists  shall 
possess  in  their  own  right  money  to  a  prescribed  minimum 
amount,  which  amount  may  vary  according  to  the  race, 
occupation  or  destination  of  such  immigrant  or  tourist, 
and  otherwise  according  to  the  circumstances;  and  may 
also  provide  that  all  persons  coming  to  Canada  directly 
or  indirectly  from  countries  which  issue  passports  or 
penal  certificates  to  persons  leaving  such  countries  shall 
produce  such  passports  or  penal  certificates  on  demand 
of  the  immigration  officer  in  charge  before  being  allowed 
to  land  in  Canada. 

38.  The  Governor  in  Council  may,  by  proclamation 

or  order  whenever  he  deems  it  necessary  or  expedient, — 

imm??mnis''" 'lot      ("^  prohibit  the  landing  in  Canathi  or  at  any  specihed 

coming  to  (';nia(i;ipoi-t,  of  ciitiT  ill  Canada  of  any  immigrant  who  has  come 

b  V      continuous  \        t^  1  i  ^  •  ji  1  i-  '  e 

journey.  to  C  auada  othcrwisc  tlian  by  continuous  lourney  trom 

the  country  of  which  he  is  a  native  or  naturalized  citizen, 

and  upon  a  through  ticket  purchased  in  that  country,  or 

prepaid  in  Canada; 

lardTngo'Ssen-      (»)    prohibit    the    landing    in    Canada    of    passengers 

pers  brought  by  brought  to  Canada  by  any  transportation  company  which 

companies    neg-       »      ^  1       i       j  1  ^^i    /^i  •  *  c  j.i  ' 

lecting  to  comply  rcfuscs  or  ncglccts  to  comply  with  the  provisions  ot  tins 

with  provisions  of  A  ,,f  . 
this  Act  .ixCL, 

Prohibition  of      (g)  prohibit  for  a  stated  period,  or  permanently,  the 

specified     classes,      ^  ,.    ^    .       ,,  ,  ^,        ^  ^     ^'  .      "^  'xz      i  i. 

of  immigrants,  lanthng  111  Canada,  or  the  landing  at  any  specihed  port 
spMifled  por^is.  °' of  entry  in  Canada,  of  immigrants  belonging  to  any  race 
deemed    unsuited    to    the    climate    or    requirements    of 
Canada,  or  of  immigrants  of  any  specified  class,  occupa- 
tion or  character. 

panie7to°'re-co™-     39.  When  any  immigrant  or  other  person  is  rejected  or 
vey  rejected  im-  ordered  to  bc  dcDortcd  from  Canada,  and  such  person  has 

migrants  to  coun-  /-,  *^        1        1  ,•  •  ^r  ^i 

try  of  birth  or  not  comc   to  Canada   by  continuous  journey  rrom  the 

citizenship.         couutry  of  wlucli  he  is  a  native  or  naturalized  citizen,  but 

has    come    indirectly    through    another   country,    which 

refuses  to  allow  such  person  to  return  or  be  returned  to  it, 

then  the  transportation  company  bringing  such  person 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  191  | 

to  such   other  countiy  shall   deport  such  person   from  i 

Canada  to  the  country  of  which  he  is  a  native  or  natu-  ; 

ralized  citizen  whenever  so  directed  by  the  Minister  or 
Superintendent  of  Immigration  and  at  the  cost  of  such  ] 

transportation  company,  and  in  case  of  neglect  or  refusal  : 

so  to  do,  such  transportation  company  shall  be  guilty  of  I 

an  offence  against  this  Act,  and  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine    Penalty.  j 

of  not  more  than  five  hundred  dollars  and  not  less  than  j 

twenty  dollars  for  each  such  offence.  ; 

DEPORTATION  OF  PROHIBITED  AND  UNDESIRABLE  CLASSES. 

\ 

40.  Whenever  any  person,  other  than  a  Canadian  citi-    Duty  of  officer  i 

. , ,  .         , ,  ^    r  '  •        ri  11         to  send  complaint  ] 

zen,   \nthm   three   years    after  landmg   m   Canada   lias  to   Minister   re-  j 
been  convicted  of  a  criminal  offence  in  Canada,  or  has  If/^'^^'f/^i^g^g^'^^ 

become  a  prostitute  or  an  inmate  of  a  house  of  ill-fame,  ; 

or  by  common  repute  has  become  a  procurer  or  pimp  or  j 

person  living  on  the  avails  of  prostitution,  or  has  become  \ 

a  professional  beggar  or  a  public  charge,  or  an  inmate  of  a  | 

penitentiary,  gaol,  reformatory^,  prison,  hospital,  insane  -i 

asylum   or   pubhc   charitable    institution,    or   enters    or  I 

remains  in  Canada  contraiy  to  any  provision  of  this  Act,  : 

it  shah  be  the  duty  of  any  officer  cognizant  thereof,  and  \ 

the  duty  of  the  clerk,  secretary  or  other  official  of  any  j 

municipality  in  Canada  wherein  such  person  may  be,  to  \ 

forthwith  send  a  written  complaint  thereof  to  the  Minister  \ 

or  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  giving  full  particulars.  1 

41.  Whenever  any  person  other  than  a  Canadian  citizen    Duty  of  officers  j 
advocates  in  Canada  the  overthrow  by  force  or  violence  of  to^Min^stTr^  con-          | 
the  government  of  Great  Britain  or  Canada,  or  other  Brit-  ^emin^  ^^^^.  \ 
ish  dominion,  colony,  possession  or  dependency,  or  tlie  bie  classes. 
overthrow  by  force  or  violence  of  constituted  law  and  au- 
thority, or  the  assassination  of  any  official  of  the  Govern- 
ment of  Great  Britain  or  Canada  or  other  British  domin- 
ion, colony,  possession  or  dependency,  or  of  any  foreign 
government,  or  shall  by  word  or  act  create  or  attempt  to 

create  riot  or  public  disorder  in  Canada,  or  shall  by  com-  i 

mon  repute  belong  to  or  be  suspected  of  belonging  to  any 
secret  society  or  organization  which  extorts  money  from,  ! 

or  in  any  way  attempts  to  control,  any  resident  of  Canada 
by  force  or  threat  of  bodily  harm,  or  by  blackmail;  such 
person  for  the  purposes  of  tliis  Act  shall  be  considered  and  j 

classed  as  an  undesirable  immigrant,  and  it  shall  be  the  I 

duty  of  any  officer  becoming  cognizant  thereof,  and  the  i 

duty  of  the  clerk,  secretary  or  other  official  of  any  munici-  i 

pality  in  Canada  wherein  such  person  may  be,  to  forth-  \ 

with  send  a  written  complaint  thereof  to  the  Minister  or  j 

Superintendent  of  Immigration,  giving  full  particulars. 

42.  Upon  receiving  a  complaint  from  any  officer,  or    investigation  of  \ 
from  any  clerk  or  secretary  or  other  official  of  a  munici- cemmgundesira- 
pality,  whether  directly  or  through  the  Superintendent  of  ^^^le  classes. 
Immigration,  against  any  person  alleged  to  belong  to  any 


192  THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

prohibited  or  undesirable  class,  the  Minister  may  order 
such  person  to  be  taken  into  custody  and  detained  at  an 
immigrant  station  for  examination  and  an  investigation 
of  the  facts  alleged  in  the  said  complaint  to  be  made  by  a 
Board  of  Inquiry  or  by  an  officer  acting  as  such.  Such 
Board  of  Inquiry  or  officer  shall  have  the  same  powers  and 
privileges,  and  shall  follow  the  same  procedure,  as  if  the 
person  against  whom  complaint  is  made  were  being  ex am- 
med  before  landing  as  provided  in  section  33  of  this  Act ; 
and  similarly  the  person  against  whom  complaint  is  made 
shall  have  the  same  rights  and  privileges  as  he  would  have 
if  seeking  to  land  in  Canada. 

Deportation  in  2.  If  upou  investigation  of  the  facts  such  Board  of  In- 
quiry or  examining  officer  is  satisfied  that  such  person 
belongs  to  any  of  the  prohibited  or  undesirable  classes 
mentioned  in  sections  40  and  41  of  this  Act,  such  person 
shall  be  deported  forthwith,  as  provided  for  in  section  33 
of  this  Act,  subject,  however,  to  such  right  of  appeal  as  he 
may  have  to  the  Minister. 

Order  to  leave  3.  The  Govcmor  in  Council  may,  at  any  time,  order  any 
Canada.  ^^^-^^  persou  fouud  by  a  Board  of  Inquiry  or  examing  offi- 

cer to  belong  to  any  of  the  undesirable  classes  referred  to 
in  section  41  of  this  Act  to  leave  Canada  within  a  specified 
period.  Such  order  may  be  in  the  form  D  in  the  schedule 
to  this  Act,  and  shall  be  in  force  as  soon  as  it  is  served  upon 
such  person,  or  is  left  for  him  by  any  oflicer  at  the  last 
known  ])lace  of  abode  or  address  of  such  person. 

Penalty  for  re-      4     \j^y  person  rciected  or  deported  under  this  Act  who 

iecled  or  deported  "'  ..""  ,  j/-i  ^         e^  1  '    ^ 

person  remaining  eutcrs  or  rciuams  HI  or  rctums  to  C  anada  alter  sucn  rejec- 
canadaf"'°'"'°^tion  or  deportation  without  a  permit  under  this  Act  or 
other  lawful  excuse,  or  who  refuses  or  neglects  to  leave 
Canada  when  ordered  so  to  do  by  the  Governor  in  Council 
as  provided  for  in  this  section,  shall  be  guilty  of  an  off'ence 
against  this  Act,  and  may  forthwith  be  arrested  by  any 
officer  and  be  deported  on  an  order  from  the  Minister  or 
the  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  or  may  be  prosecuted 
for  sucli  offence,  and  shall  be  liable,  on  conviction,  to  two 
years  imprisonment,  and  immediately  after  expiry  of  any 
sentence  imposed  for  such  offence,  may  be  again  deported 
or  ordered  to  leave  Canada  under  this  section. 
Deportation  of      5^  jn  any  case  where  deportation  of  the  head  of  a  family 
hea  o   amiy.    .^  ^i-^^iercd,  all  dependent  members  of  the  family  may  be 
deported  at  the  same  time.     And  in  any  case  where  de- 
portation of  a  dependent  member  of  a  family  is  ordered  on 
account  of  having  become  a  pubhc  charge,  and  in  the 
opinion  of  the  Minister  such  circumstance  is  due  to  wilful 
neglect  or  non-support  by  the  head  or  other  members  of 
Deportation  of  the  family  mxorally  bound  to  support  such  dependent 
biroHamii™'™"  members,  then  all  members  of  the  family  may  be  cleported 
at  the  same  time.     Such  deportation  shall  be  at  the  cost 
of  the  persons  so  deported;  and  if  that  be  not  possible 
then  the  cost  of  such  deportation  shall  be  paid  by  the 
Department  of  the  Interior. 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  193 

43.  When  any  person  has,  within  three  years  of  hmding  certain°prfspne?s 
in  Canada,  become  an  inniate  of  a  penitentiary,  gaol,  re-  for  deportation, 
formatory  or  prison,  the  ^linister  of  Justice  may,  upon  the 
request  of  the  Minister  of  the  Interior,  issue  an  order  to  the 
warden  or  governor  of  such  penitentiary,  gaol,  reforma- 
tory or  prison,  which  order  may  be  in  the  form  E  in  the 
schedule  to  this  Act,  commanding  him  after  the  sentence 
or  term  of  imprisonment  of  such  person  has  expired  to  de- 
tain such  person  for,  and  dehver  him  to,  the  officer  named 
in  the  warrant  issued  by  the  Superintendent  of  Immigra- 
tion, which  warrant  may  be  in  tlie  form  EE  in  the  sched- 
ule to  this  Act,  with  a  view  to  the  deportation  of  such  per- 

2'  Such  order  of  the  Minister  of  Justice  shall  be  suffi-  -.^^^/.'^^i  °^^,fj^ 
cient  authority  to  the  warden  or  governor  of  the  peniten- and^^ war^nt^^  of 
tiary,  gaol,  reformatory  or  prison,  as  the  case  may  be,  to  immigration. 
detain  and  deliver  such  person  to  the  officer  named  in  the 
warrant  of  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration  as  afore- 
said, and  such  warden  or  governor  shall  obey  such  order, 
and  such  warrant  of  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration 
shall  be  sufficient  authority  to  the  officer  named  therem  to 
detain  such  person  in  his  custody,  or  in  custody  at  any 
immigrant  station,  until  such  person  is  dehvered  to  the 
authorized  agent  of  the  transportation  company  which 
brought  sucji  person  into  Canada,  with  a  view  to  deporta- 
tion as  herein  provided. 

OBLIGATIONS    OF     TRANSPORTATION    COMPANIES    IN    CASES 
OF    REJECTION    AND    DEPORTATION. 

44.  Every  immigrant,  passenger,  stowaway  or  other 
person  brought  to  Canada  by  a  transportation  company  j^^e^f'°i^^i/f: 
and  rejected  by  the  Board  of  Inquiry  or  officer  in  charge,  grants. 
shall,  if  practicable,  be  sent  back  to  the  place  whence  he 
came,  on  the  vessel,  railway  train  or  other  vehicle  by 
which  he  was  brought  to  Canada.  The  cost  of  his  mainte- 
nance, while  being  detained  at  any  immigrant  station 
after  having  been  rejected,  as  well  as  the  cost  of  his  return, 
shall  be  paid  by  such  transportation  company. 

2.  If  any  such  transportation  company — 

(a)  refuses  to  receive  any  such  person  back  on  board  of 

such  vessel,  railway  train  or  other  vehicle  or  on  board  of  ^g^^f^'^^^^^^^d!^ 
any  other  vessel,  railway  train  or  other  vehicle  owned  or 
operated  by  the  same  transportation  company,  when  so 
directed  by  the  officer  in  charge;  or, 

(b)  fails  to  detain  any  such  person  thereon;  or, 

(c)  refuses  or  fails  to  return  hun  to  the  place  whence  ^^.^^^^^^  ^^  ^^ 
he  came  to  Canada;  or,  ^         _  tura""""®  ^°  '^ 

(d)  refuses  or  fails  to  pay  the  cost  of  his  maintenance  "™' 

while  on  land  awaitmg  deportation;  or,  co^sf  Tna^ntl^ 

(e)  makes  any  charge  against  any  such  person  for  his  nance. 
maintenance  while  on  land,  or  for  his  return  to  the  port  of  p^^^^^^J^^^^^  ^e^ 
embarkation,  or  takes  any  security  from  any  such  person  maintenance. 
for  the  payment  of  such  charge; 

35365— S.  Doc.  469,  61-2 13 


194  THE    IMMIGRATIOX    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

Penalty.  sucli  jiiaster,   agent,   owner  or  transportation  company 

concerned  shall  be  guilty  of  an  offence  against  this  Act, 
and  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  of  not  more  than  five  hundred 
dollars  and  not  less  than  fifty  dollars  for  each  offence ;  and 
no  such  vessel  shall  have  clearance  from  any  port  of 
Canada  until  such  fine  is  paid. 

Deportation  by  45.  Every  person  ordered  to  be  deported  under  this 
wh^'havr  been  Act  wlio  has  been  brought  to  Canada  by  ship,  shall  be 
landed  in  Canada.  j.g^Qj^^^g^.g(^j^  £pgg  ^f  charge,  by  the  raihva}^  company  or 

companies  which  brought  him  to  the  place  in  Canada 
where  he  is  being  detained  for  deportation,  to  the  ocean 
port  where  he  was  landed,  or  the  nearest  available  winter 
ocean  port,  as  may  be  directed  by  the  Board  of  Inc^uiry, 
and  thence  he  shall  be  conveyed  free  of  charge  by  the 
transportation  company  which  brought  him  to  Canada 
to  the  place  in  the  country  whence  he  was  brought  or  to 
the  country  of  his  birth  or  citizenship,  and  in  such  manner 
as  to  passage  accommodation  as  may  be  directed  by  the 
officer  in  charge;  and  similarly  every  such  person  brought 
Deportation  by  1^0  Canada  by  a  railway  train  or  other  vehicle  shall,  sub- 
'^'°'  ject  to  the  regulations  under  sections  31  and  32  of  this 

Act,  be  reconveyed  free  of  charge  by  the  transportation 
company  which  carried  him  to  the  place  in  Canada  where 
he  is  rejected  or  where  he  is  being  detained  for  deportation 
to  the  place  in  the  country  whence  he  was  brought  or  to 
the  country  of  his  birth  or  citizenship. 

Penalty   on      43    E^'crv  transportation  company,  which  refuses  or 

transportation  ,  ^  1*^        •   1       ,1  '1  c    ^i        -\f     •   ±_ 

company  refus- ncglccts  to  comply  With  the  ordcr  or  tlie  Minister  or 
lolo^rdered'to^be' Superintendent  of  Immigration  or  Board  of  Inquiry  or 
deported.  officer  acting  as  such  to  take  on  board,  guard  safely,  and 

return  to  the  country  whence  he  came,  or  to  the  country 
of  his  birth  or  citizenship,  any  passenger  or  other  person 
brought  to  Canada  by  such  transportation  company  and 
ordered  to  be  deported  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act 
shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  of  not  more  than  five  hundred  dol- 
lars and  not  less  than  fifty  dollars  in  each  case. 

prop^treatoent  ^'^ '  ^hc  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  under  the 
of  persons  de- direction  or  with  the  consent  of  the  Minister,  shall  pre- 
ported.  scribe  regulations  for  the  proper  detention  and  treatment 

on  board  ship  or  railway  train  or  other  vehicle  of  all  per- 
sons who  have  been  ordered  to  be  deported  under  this 
Act,  both  while  awaiting  and  during  deportation. 

tr^n^^ o^Vion      ^^'  EvBry  transportation  company  which,  through  the 

company  permit-  conuivaucc  or  ncgligeiice  of  any  of  its  officials  or  em- 

son^^rde?ed°to^be  ployccs,  permits  tfic  escape  of  any  person  delivered  into 

deported.  the  custody  of  such  transportation  company  by  any  officer 

for  deportation  under  this  Act  shall,  on  conviction,  be 

punished  by  a  fine  of  not  more  than  five  hundred  dollars 

and  not  less  than  fifty  doUars  for  each  offence. 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN    CANADA.  195 

2.  In  the  event  of  such  person  escaping  from  the  cus- .  ^'^'i' J?  J°°ii{y 
todv  of  a  transportation  company,  it  shall  be  the  dutv  oicer   when  such 
the"^  master  of  the  vessel,  conductor  of  the  train,  dock-P'"'^^"^^^^"^- 
master,  special  constable  or  other  official  or  employee  of 
the  transportation  company  in  whose  custody  such  person 
then  was,  to  immediately  report  such  escape  to  the  nearest 
available  immigration  officer;  and  it  shall  also  be  the  duty 
of  the  said  company  forthwith  to  report  such  escape  to 
the  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  and  such  report  shall 
state  when,  and  from  whom,  such  person  was  received, 
and  the  time  and  mode  of  escape.     Failure  on  the  part  of 
such  master,  conductor,  or  other  official  to  so  report  to 
the  nearest  available  immigration  officer  shall  render  him 
liable  to  a  penalty  of  not  more  than  twenty  dollars  and 
not  less  than  ten  dollars  for  each  offence,  and  failure  on  the 

gart  of  the  transportation  company  to  so  report  to  the 
uperintendent  of  Immigration  shall  render  such  com- 
pany liable  to  a  fine  of  not  more  than  one  hundred  dollars 
and  not  less  than  twenty  dollars  for  each  offence. 

OBLIGATIONS    OF   MASTERS    OF   VESSELS    AND    PILOTS. 

49.  The  master  of  every  vessel  arriving  at  any  port- ^g^^^^^^ffh  ,^n^^ 
of  entry  in  Canada  shall  forthwith  after  such  arrival,  andter  to  imbigra- 
before  any  entry  of  such  vessel  is  allowed,  deliver  to  the'^'°°°^'''®'"- 
immigration  officer  in  charge  a  manifest  in  the  form  pre- 
scribed by  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  of  all  the 
passengers  and  stowaways  on  board  such  vessel  at  the 
time  of  her  departure  from  the  port  or  place  whence  she 
last  cleared  or  sailed  for  Canada,  or  who  were  on  board 
such  vessel  at  the  time  of  her  arrival  in  Canada,  or  at 
any  time  during  her  voyage;  and  such  manifest  shall  also 
state  the  name  and  apparent  age  of  all  passengers  on 
board  of  such  vessel  on  such  voyage  who  are  insane, 
idiotic,  epileptic,  dumb,  blind  or  infirm,  or  suffering  from 
any  disease  or  injury  or  physical  defect  wdiich  may  be 
cause  for  rejection  under  this  Act,  and  whether  or  not 
they  are  accompanied  b}'  relatives  able  to  support  them. 

2.  Such  manifest  shall  further  state  if  an}'  birth  has  ^'^*g5'^^^*'\P^e 
taken  place  during  the  vo^'age,  and  shall  state  the  name,  tfeenTorno"  have 
age  and  last  place  of  residence  of  any  person  who  has  died  ^g|^  dunng  voy- 
during  the  voyage,  and  shall  specify  the  cause  of  death 

and  whether  such  person  was  accompanied  by  relatives 
or  other  persons  who  are  entitled  to  take  charge  of  the 
moneys  and  effects  left  by  such  person  and  the  disposition 
made  thereof. 

3.  If  there  were  no  such  relatives  or  other  persons  so  ro'^r'^'of  de^ 
entitled  the  manifest  shall  fully  designate  the  quantity  ceSed^  passen- 
and  description  of  the  property,  whether  money  or  other- ^^'^^^ 

wise,  left  by  such  person;  and  the  master  of  the  vessel 
shall  pay  over  to  the  immigration  officer  in  charge  at  the 
port  at  which  the  vessel  is  entered,  and  fully  account  for, 
all  moneys  and  effects  belonging  to  any  person  who  has 


196 


THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 


Receipt     foFfiied  on  the  voyage.     The  officer  in  charge  shall  there- 

mTg?ation^officS'  upon  givc  to  the  master  a  receipt  for  all  moneys  or  effects 

so  placed  in  his  hands  by  the  master,  which  receipt  shall 

contain  a  full  description  of  the  nature  or  amount  thereof. 

4.  If  the  master  of  such  vessel  fails — 

Failure  to  de-      (q,)  to  deliver  such  manifest  required  bv  this  section;  or, 

parTiaroHS      (&)  wilfully  or  negligently  fails  to  state  therein  all  the 

particulars  of  information  required  by  this  section;  or, 

(c)  wilfully  or  negligenth'  makes  any  false  statement 
in  such  manifest ; 

he  shall  be  guilty  of  an  offence  against  this  Act  and  shall 
be  liable  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars  and 
not  less  than  twenty  dollars  for  every  person  with  regard 
to  whom  any  such  omission  occurs  or  any  such  false 
statement  is  made. 


manifest. 


Penalty. 


Entrv  in  mani-  50.  Tlic  mastcr  of  au}'  vesscl  sailing  from  a  port  out- 
Ssengers""°"'''side  of  Canada  who  embarks  passengers  after  the  vessel 
has  been  cleared  and  examined  by  the  proper  officer  at 
the  port  of  departure,  and  who  does  not  report  such  addi- 
tional passengers  in  the  manifest  required  to  be  delivered 
under  this  Act  to  the  immigration  officer  in  charge  at  the 
port  of  entry,  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  of  not  more  than 
Penalty.  one  hundred  dollars  and  not  less  than  twenty  dollars  for 

each  passenger  so  embarked  as  aforesaid  and  not  included 
in  one  of  the  said  manifests. 


Manifest  of  out- 
bound passen- 
gers. 


Penalty. 


Proviso. 


51.  The  master  of  every  vessel  embarking  outbound 
passengers  from  any  seaport  of  Canada  shall,  on  the  return 
voyage  of  such  vessel  to  Canada,  deliver  to  the  immigra- 
tion officer  in  charge  a  manifest  in  form  prescribecl  by  the 
regulations  in  that  behalf  giving  the  names  of  all  such 
passengers  on  board  such  vessel,  or  booked  to  sail  by  such 
vessel,  and  stating  in  ever^  case  whether  they  are  British 
subjects  or  aliens,  and  their  sex,  nationality,  and  port  of 
dcstmation. 

2.  If  the  master  of  any  vessel  refuses  or  omits  to  deliver 
such  manifest  of  outbound  passengers  he  shall  incur  a 
penalty  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars  and  not  less 
than  twenty  dollars  for  every  passenger  with  regard  to 
whom  he  has  refused  or  wilfully  neglected  to  give  the 
required  information,  and  clearance  of  such  vessel  may 
be  refused  until  such  manifest  has  been  delivered  to  the 
immigration  officer  in  charge:  Provided,  however,  that 
the  master  of  any  vessel  plymg  between  seaports  of  Can- 
ada and  adjacent  or  neighbouring  seaports  m  Newfound- 
land or  the  United  States  may,  by  written  permission  of 
the  Minister  or  Superintendent  of  Immigration  given  to 
such  master  or  to  the  transportation  company  of  which 
he  is  an  employee,  be  exempted  from  the  requirements 
of  this  section. 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA.  197 

52.  If  the  master  of  anv  vessel  arriving  at  any  port  of ,.  faster  permit- 

•      /-,  1  •-        -  ^  ^'l  /i    ^  1  t"iK      passengers 

entry  in  C  anada  permits  anv  passenger  to  leave  the  vessel  to  land  before  de- 
before  he  has  delivered  to  the  immigration  officer  in  "^•^""g  "^^^'f^^t. 
charge  a  correct  manifest  in  the  form  prescribed  by  the 
regulations  in  that  behalf,  and  received  permission  from 
the  officer  in  charge  to  allow  the  passengers  to  land,  he 
shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  of  not  more  than  one  hundred  dol-    Penalty. 
lars  and  not  less  than  twenty  dollars  for  every  passenger 
so  leaving  the  vessel. 

2.  If  the  master  of  any  vessel  arriving  at  any  port  of    Master    failing 
entry  in  Canada  fails  to  produce  or  satisfactorily  account  p'Lse^ngere" 
for  every  passenger  whose  name  aj^pears  on  the  manifest, 

when  required  so  to  do  b}'  the  immigration  officer  in 
charge  of  the  port  of  entry  to  which  such  passenger  is 
manifested,  such  master  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  of  not    Penalty. 
more  than  one  hundred  dollars  and  not  less  than  twenty 
dollars  in  the  case  of  each  such  passenger. 

3.  If  the  master  of  any  vessel  arriving  at  any  port  of  Master  permit- 
entry  in  Canada  permits  any  stowaway  to  leave  the  vessel  lind  withoufier" 
\\-ithout  permission  of  the  immigration  officer  in  charge,  J^'cha^ge"^  °^'^^^ 
or  through  negligence  permits  such  stowaway  to  escape 

from  the  vessel  before  the  immigration  officer  in  charge 
has  given  permission  for  such  stowaway  to  be  landed,  or 
after  such  stowaway  has  been  ordered  to  be  deported,  or 
in  the  event  of  such  escape  fails  to  report  it  forthwith  to 
the  immigration  officer  in  charge,  he  shall  be  liable  to  a  Penalty, 
fine  of  not  more  than  one  hundred  dollars  and  not  less 
than  twenty  dollars  for  every  stowaway  so  leaving  or 
escaping  from  the  vessel. 

4.  If  the  master  of  any  vessel  arriving  at  any  port  of  ^Master  dis- 
entry  in  Canada  shall  pay  off  or  discharge  any  member  without^  ex'amu 
of  the  crew  of  such  vessel  without  such  member  having  °^"°'^- 

first  been  examined  by  an  immigration  officer,  as  required 
under  section  33  of  this  act,  he  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  of 
not  more  than  one  hundred  dollars  and  not  less  than    Penalty, 
twenty  dollars  for  every  member  of  the  crew  so  paid  off 
or  discharged. 

5.  If  the  master  of  any  vessel  arriving  at  any  port  of    Master    failing 
entry  in  Canada  fails  to  report  to  the  immigration  officer  d'esertion.'''^^''  ° 
in  charge  every  case  of  desertion  from  the  crew  of  such 

vessel  occurring  at  such  port  so  soon  as  such  desertion  is 

discovered,   or  shall  refuse  or  neglect   to   describe   the 

deserter  for  purposes  of  identification  whenever  required 

by  such  officer  he  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  of  not  more  than    Penalty. 

one  hundred  dollars  and  not  less  than  twenty  dollars  in 

the  case  of  each  such  deserter. 

53.  Nothing  in  this  Act  shall  prevent  the  master  of  any  ,gj^.^^®^?g|gg,™ifg^ 
vessel  fi'om  permitting  any  passenger  to  leave  the  vessel  fore  arrival  at 
outside  of  Canada  at  the  request  of  such  passenger  before  ^^J^  °^  destina- 
the  arrival  of  the  vessel  at  her  final  port  of  destination; 

but  in  every  such  case  the  name  of  the  passenger  so  leav- 
ing shall  be  entered  in  the  manifest  of  passengers  made 
out  at  the  time  of  the  clearing  of  the  vessel  from  the  port 


188  THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

Avoiding  port      7^  Any  peisoii  who  enters  Canada  except  at  a  port  of 
of  entry.  entry,  or  who  at  a  port  of  entry  eludes  examination  by 

an  officer  or  Board  of  Inquiry,  or  who  enters  Canada  by 
force  or  misrepresentation  or  stealth  or  othermse  con- 
trary to  any  provision  of  this  Act,  or  who  escapes  from 
the  custody  of  an  officer  or  from  an  immigrant  station 
when  detained  for  any  cause  under  this  Act,  shall  he 
guilty  of  an  offence  imder  this  Act,  and  liable  on  convic- 
tion to  a  &ie  of  not  more  than  one  hundred  dollars,  and 
may  be  arrested  and  detained  ^\dthout  a  warrant  by  any 
officer  for  exammation  as  provided  under  this  section; 
and  if  found  not  to  be  a  Canadian  citizen,  or  not  to  have 
Canadian  domicile,  such  entry  shall  in  itself  be  sufficient 
cause  for  deportation  whenever  so  ordered  by  a  Board 
of  Inquiry  or  officer  in  charge  subject  to  any  appeal  which 
may  have  been  entered  under  section  19  of  this  Act. 
Penalty     for     g.  Any  transportation  comj)any  or  person  knowingly 

lTtamigra°nt.''''' and  ^dlfully  landing,  or  assisting  to  land  or  attempting 
to  land  in  Canada,  any  prohibited  immigrant  or  person 
whose  entry  into  Canada  has  been  forbidden  under  this 
Act,  shall  be  guilty  of  an  offence  and  shall  be  liable  on  con- 
viction, to  a  fine  of  not  more  than  five  hundred  dollars 
and  not  less  than  fifty  dollars  for  each  prohibited  immi- 
grant or  other  person  so  landed  in  Canada,  or  whose  land- 
ing in  Canada  was  so  attempted. 
Interference     9.  A»y  transportation  company  or  person  interfering 

Sn^S    of  with  or  resisting  an  immigration  officer  in  the  performance 

duty.  Qjf  yg  f[^iy  under  this  Act,  or  kno^\dngly  and  ^vilfully 

assisting  in  the  escape  of  any  person  detained  by  an  officer, 
or  at  an  immigrant  station,  for  any  purpose  under  this 
Act,  or  giving  false  information  to  an  officer,  whereby  such 
officer  is  induced  to  land  or  permit  the  landing  of  a,ny 
person  in  Canada  who  otherwise  would  be  refused  landing 
for  any  cause  under  this  Act  or  would  be  detained  for 
examination,  shall  be  guilty  of  an  offence,  and  shall  be 
liable  to  a  fine  of  not  more  than  five  hundred  dollars  and 
not  less  than  twenty  dollars  for  each  such  offence. 
Penalty     for      iQ.  Evcry  person  who  enters  Canada  as  a  tourist  or 

ce^as^es  to  be'Iu^ch  traveller  or  other  non-immigrant,  but  who  ceases  to  be 

failing  to  report,  g^^j-^  ^^^ J  remains  in  Canada,  shall  forthwith  report  such 
facts  to  the  nearest  immigration  officer  and  shall  present 
himself  before  an  officer  for  examination  under  this  Act, 
and  in  default  of  so  doing  he  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  of  not 
more  than  one  hundred  dollars  and  shall  also  be  liable  to 
deportation  by  order  of  a  Board  of  Inquiry  or  officer  act- 
ing as  such. 
Release  under     1 1 .  Pending  the  final  disposition  of  the  case  of  any  per- 

deposi't''.''^^'°'^"^son  detained  or  taken  into  custody  for  any  cause  under 
this  Act  he  may  be  released  under  a  bond,  which  bond 
may  be  in  the  form  F  in  the  schedule  to  this  Act,  with 
security  approved  by  the  officer  in  charge,  or  may  be 
released  upon  deposit  of  money  with  the  officer  in  charge 
in  lieu  of  a  bond,  and  to  an  amount  approved  by  such 
officer;  upon  condition  that  such  person  shall  appear 
before  a  Board  of  Inquiry  or  officer  acting  as  such  at  any 


THE    IMMIGKATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  189 

port  of  entry  named  by  the  ofiicer  in  charge,  and  at  such 
time  as  shall  be  named,  for  examination  in  regard  to  the 
cause  or  complaint  on  accoimt  of  which  he  has  been  de- 
tained or  taken  into  custody. 

12.  If  such  person  fail  to  appear  for  examination  at  ^^}^/^  ^  .^p- 
such  time  and  place  named,  or  sliall  fail  to  keep  and  H^.  ""^  ^^'"'°^' 
observe  every  other  condition  under  which  he  is  so  released, 
then  such  bond  shall  be  enforced  and  collected,  and  the 
proceeds  thereof,  or  the  money  deposited  in  lieu  of  a  bond, 
as  the  case  may  have  been,  shall  be  paid  into  the  hands  of 
the  Minister  of  Finance,  and  shall  form  part  of  the  Con- 
solidated Revenue  Fund  of  Canada;  and  such  person 
may  be  taken  into  custody  forthwith  and  deported  by 
order  of  a  Board  of  Inquir}^  or  officer  acting  as  such. 

MEDICAL  TREATMENT  OF  SICK  AND  DISABLED  PASSENGERS. 

34.  A  passenger  or  other  person  seeking  to  enter  m^^t^'^^'  *'"^^*' 
Canada  or  who  has  been  rejected  or  is  detained  for  any 
purpose  imder  this  Act,  who  is  suffering  from  sickness  or 
physical  or  mental  disability,  may  whenever  it  is  so 
directed  bv  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration  or  officer 
in  charge  Be  afforded  medical  treatment  on  board  ship  or 
in  an  immigrant  station,  or  may  be  removed  to  a  suitable 
hospital  for  treatment,  according  as  the  officer  in  charge 
decides  is  required  by  existing  circumstances  and  the  con- 
dition of  the  person's  health  as  reported  upon  by  the  exam- 
ining medical  officer. 

2.  If,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Superintendent  of  Immi-portatlon^'^'^com- 
gration,  or  of  the  officer  m  charge,  the  transportationpanies  liable  for 

o  /  ^  <D    /  1  ^  cost    of    incQic^l 

company  which  brought  such  person  to  Canada  failed  treatment. 
to  exercise  proper  vigilance  or  care  in  so  doing,  then  the 
cost  of  his  hospital  treatment  and  medical  attention  and 
maintenance  shall  be  paid  by  such  transportation  com- 
pany, and  other^\^se  tlie  cost  thereof  shall  be  collected 
from  such  person,  and  if  that  be  not  possible  then  the 
cost  thereof  shall  be  paid  by  the  Department  of  the 
Interior. 

3.  The  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  or  officer  in    cost  of  attend- 

h^   1  • .    •  •  1  1  1     •      ant  or  dependent. 

arge,may,  whenever  it  is  considered  necessary  or  advis- 
able for  the  proper  care  of  such  persons,  direct  that  a 
suitable  attendant,  or  someone  upon  whom  such  person 
is  dependent,  or  someone  who  is  dependent  upon  such 
person,  as  the  case  may  be,  shall  be  kept  with  such 
person  during  his  medical  treatment  on  board  ship  or 
at  an  immigrant  station  or  hospital,  or  in  case  of  deporta- 
tion from  any  place  within  Canada  shall  accompany  such 
person  to  his  port  of  embarkation  from  Canada;  and  the 
cost  thereof  shall  be  paid  by  the  said  transportation  com- 

fany  whenever  in  the  opinion  of  the  Superintendent  of 
mmigration  it  has  failed  to  exercise  proper  vigilance  or 
care  as  aforesaid,  and  otherwise  the  cost  thereof  shall 
be  collected  from  such  person,  and  if  that  be  not  possible 
then  the  cost  thereof  shall  be  paid  by  the  Department  of 
the  Interior. 


200  THE  IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA. 

deck  of  such  vessel  appropriated  to  the  use  of  such  pas- 
sengers and  unoccupied  by  stores  or  other  goods,  not 
being  the  personal  luggage  of  such  passengers,  or, 

(b)  a  greater  number  of  persons,  including  the  master 
and  crew  and  the  cabin  passengers,  if  an}^,  than  one  for  every 
two  tons  of  the  tonnage  of  such  vessel,  calculated  in  the 
manner  used  for  ascertaining  the  tonnage  of  British  ships, 

Penalty.  ^l^g  master  of  such  vessel  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  not  ex- 

ceeding twenty  dollars,  and  not  less  than  ten  dollars  for 
each  passenger  or  person  constituting  such  excess. 

"Adult"  de-  2.  For  the  purpose  of  this  section,  each  person  of  or 
above  the  age  of  fourteen  years  shall  be  deemed  an  adult, 
and  two  persons  above  the  age  of  one  year  and  under  the 
ao^e  of  fourteen  vears  shall  be  reckoned  and  taken  as  one 
adult. 

Sale  of  intoxi-      3_  jf  there  shall  be  a  bar  or  other  place  for  the  sale  of 

eating  liquors  to  .     .        .         .  ,.  ,  i    •       xi  „*    „^ 

steerage   passen- mtoxicating  liquors  ou  any  such  vessel  in  the  quarters 
^^^^-  assigned  to  third-class  or  steerage  passengers,  or  to  which 

third-class  or  steerage  passengers  are  permitted  to  have 
access  at  any  time  during  the  voyage  of  such  vessel  to 
Canada,  the  master  of  such  vessel  shall  be  guilty  of  an 
offence  against  this  Act  and  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  not 
exceeding  five  hundred  dollars  and  not  less  than  fifty 
Penalty.  dollars;  and  an}^  officer  or  member  of  the  crew  of  such 

vessel  who  sells  or  gives  intoxicating  liquor  to  any  third- 
class  or  steerage  passenger,  during  the  voyage  of  such 
vessel  to  Canada,  without  the  consent  of  the  master  or 
ship  surgeon  or  other  qualified  medical  practitioner  on 
board  thereof,  shall  be  guilty  of  an  offence  against  this 
Act  and  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  fifty  dollars 
and  not  loss  than  ten  dollars  for  every  such  offence. 

Right  of  imnii-      60.  Evcry  immigrant  on  any  vessel  arriving  at  a  port  of 

^^"board  "^v'^'e"  cutiT  to  wliich  the  owiicr  or  master  of  such  vessel  engaged 

carr^rg1"a'vaii'to  couvoy  him,  if  facilities  for  housing  or  inland  carriage 

able.  for  such  immigrant  are  not  immediately  available,  shall 

be  entitled  to  remain  and  keep  his  luggage  on  board  such 

vessel  for  a  period  of  twenty-four  hours  or  until  such 

facilities  are  available,  which  ever  shall  first  occur,  and  the 

master  of  such  vessel  shall  not,  until  such  time,  remove 

any  berths  or  accommodation  used  by  such  immigrant. 

Passengers    to      gl.  Passengcrs  and  their  luggage  shall  be  landed  from 

expense.'   '^^  °  any  slfip  bv  the  master  thereof  free  of  expense  to  the  said 

passengers,  and  such  landing  shall  be  either  at  a  usual 

public  lantling  place  at  the  port  of  entry  or  at  such  other 

place  as  is  designated  by  the  officer  in  charge. 

Appointment      62.  The  Minister  or  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration 

01  landing  places.  -  ..  ,,.  i        t,  .•  ^xi       ••„ 

may,  from  time  to  time,  by  instructions  to  the  immigra- 
tion officer  in  charge,  appoint  the  places  at  which  passen- 
gers arriving  at  such  port  shall  be  landed. 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA.  201 

63.  At  the  places  so  appointed  the  Minister  or  Superin- jjjpjj|||[[  f^r  im- 
tendent  of  Immigration  may  cause  proper  shelter  and 
accommodation  to  be  provided  for  immigrants  until  they 

can  be  forwarded  to  their  place  of  destination. 

64.  If  both  the  immigrant  parents,  or  the  last  surviving  propifr?y*'^o/  de- 
immigrant  parent  of  any  child  brought  with  them  in  any  ceased  immigrant 
vessel  bound  for  Canada,  die  on  the  voyage,  or  at  any  ^^'^^'^^^' 
immigrant  station  or  elsewhere  in  Canada  while  still  under 

the  care  of  any  immigrant  agent,  or  other  officer  under 
this  Act,  the  Minister,  or  such  officer  as  he  deputes  for  the 
purpose,  may  cause  the  effects  of  such  parents  to  be  dis- 
posed of  for  the  benefit  of  such  child  to  the  best  advantage 
in  his  power,  or  in  his  discretion  to  be  delivered  over  to 
any  institution  or  person  assuming  the  care  and  charge 
of  such  child. 


n  case 
aints  re- 


66.  If  complaint  be  made  to  the  Minister  or  the  Super-  inquiry 
intendent  of  Immigration  against  any  company  or  person  specung  violation 
for  any  violation  of  this  Act,  in  any  matter  relating  to"^"^'^'^' 
immigrants  or  immigration,  the  Minister  may  cause  such 
inquiry  as  he  thinks  proper  to  be  made  into  the  facts  of* 
the  case,  or  may  bring  the  matter  before  the  Governor  in 
Council  in  order  that  such  inquiry  may  be  made  under 
TJie  Inquiries  Act. 

2.  If  upon  such  inquiry  it  appears  to  the  satisfaction  of  Procedure, 
the  Minister  that  such  company  or  person  has  been 
guilty  of  such  violation,  the  Minister  may  require  such 
company  or  person  to  make  such  compensation  to  the 
person  aggrieved,  or  to  do  such  other  thing,  as  is  just  and 
reasonable;  or  may  adopt  measures  for  causing  such 
proceeding  to  be  instituted  against  such  company  or 
person  as  the  case  requires. 

66.  The  Governor  in  Council  may  make  such  regula- sp^ctog^empioT- 
tions  and  impose  such  penalties  as  are  deemed  expedient  "lent  agencies. 
to  safeguard  the  interests  of  immigrants  seeking  employ- 
ment from  any  companies,  firms,  or  persons  carrying  on 

the  business  of  intelligence  offices  or  employment  or  labour 
agencies  at  any  place  in  Canada. 

IMMIGRANT    RUNNERS. 

67.  The  Superintendent  of  Immigration  may  issue  to  ^L'^^^isesjoHm- 
agents  of  transportation  companies,  forwarding  and  trans- 
fer companies,  hotels  and  boarding  houses,  a  license 
authorizing  such  persons  to  exercise  the  vocation  of  im- 
migrant runners,  or  of  soliciting  the  patronage  of  immi- 
grants for  their  respective  companies,  hotels  or  boarding 

houses,  or  of  booking  passengers.  Such  license  shall  be  in 
the  form  prescribed  by  the  Superintendent  of  Immigra- 
tion, and  may  at  any  time  be  cancelled  by  him  under  the 
direction  or  with  the  consent  of  the  Minister. 


202  THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA. 

to^i^™Mted  ex-  ^^'  ^^  person  shall,  at  any  port  or  place  in  Canada,  for 
cept  by  licensed  hire,  reward  or  gain,  or  the  expectation  thereof,  conduct, 
persons.  soHcit  or  rccommend,   either  orally  or  by  handbill  or 

placard  or  in  any  other  manner,  any  immigrant  to  or  on 
behalf  of  any  o\\Tier  of  a  vessel,  or  to  or  on  behalf  of  any 
um-keeper  or  boarding  house  keeper,  or  any  other  person, 
for  any  purposes  connected  with  the  preparations  or  ar- 
rangements of  such  immigrant  for  his  passage  to  his  final 
place  of  destination  in  Canada,  or  elsewhere,  or  give  or 
pretend  to  give  to  such  immigrant  any  information  oral, 
printed  or  otherwise,  or  assist  him  to  his  said  place  of 
destination,  or  in  any  way  exercise  the  vocation  of  book- 
ing passengers,  or  of  taking  money  for  their  inland  fare,  or 
for  the  transportation  of  their  luggage,  unless  such  person 
has  first  obtained  a  license  from  the  Superintendent  of 
Immigration  authorizing  him  to  act  in  such  capacity. 

Selling  tickets      69.  Every  person  licensed  under  this  Act  as  an  immi- 

to  immigrants  at  ,  ''^  ,•  iiici-  . 

excessive  rates,  grant  ruuncr,  or  person  actmg  on  behalf  of  any  transpor- 
tation company,  or  forwarding  or  transfer  company,  or 
hotel  or  boarding  house,  and  every  person  in  his  employ, 
who  sells  to  any  immigrant  a  ticket  or  order  for  the  pas- 
sage of  such  immigrant,  or  for  the  conversance  of  his 
luggage,  at  a  higher  rate  than  that  for  whicli  it  could  be 
purchased  directly  from  the  company  or  person  under- 
taking such  conveyance,  and  every  person  who  purchases 
any  such  ticket  from  an  immigrant  for  less  tlian  its  value, 
or  gives  in  exchange  for  it  one  of  less  value,  shall  be  guilty 
of  an  olfence  against  this  Act,  and  the  license  of  such  per- 
son shall  be  cancelled. 

Persons  not  to     70.  No  licensed  immigrant  runner,  or  agent  or  person 

DOdrcl    vessels   or  •  • 

enter  immigrant  acting  on  behalf  of  any  transportation  company,  or  other 
autho^ty)^  ''^°"^  pei'sou,  shall  go  on  board  any  vessel  after  such  vessel  has 
arrived  in  Canadian  waters  until  all  passengers  thereon 
have  been  landed,  or  shall  go  into  any  immigrant  statio"n, 
unless  he  is  authorized  so  to  do  by  the  Superintendent  of 
Immigration  or  officer  in  charge. 

DUTIES   OF  INN-KEEPERS. 

be^postl(?1n%o^     "^^^  Every  inn-keeper  or  boarding  house  keeper  in  any 

t€is  and  boarding  city,  to^^^l,  village  or  place  in  Canada  designated  by  any 

^us^  for  immi-  ^^.^^j.  jj^  council,  wlio  rcccivcs  into  his  house  as  a  boarder 

or  lodger  any  immio;rant  within  three  months  after  his 

arrival  in  Canada,  shall  cause  to  be  kept  conspicuously 

posted  in  the  public  rooms  and  passages  of  his  house  and 

printed  upon  liis  business  cards,  a  list  of  the  prices  which 

will  be  charged  to  immigrants  per  day  and  per  week  for 

board  or  lodging,  or  both,  and  also  the  prices  for  separate 

meals,  which  cards  shall  also  contain  the  name  of  the 

keeper  of  such  house,  together  with  the  name  of  the 

street  in  which  it  is  situate,  and  its  number  in  such  street. 

Inn-keeper's      2.  No  sucli  inn-keeper  or  boarding  house  keeper  shall 

^°^  '™  have  any  lien  on  the  effects  of  such  immigrant  for  any 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA.  203 

amount  claimed  for  such  boarding  or  lodging  for  any 
sum  exceeding  five  dollars. 

72.  Every  such  inn-keeper  or  boarding  house  keeper,  Penalty  on  inn- 

i  i,'"^,!  /Ti  /^  •  •  J     ^  <•  keeper  for  detain- 

who  detams  the  eiiects  oi  any  imimigrant  by  reason  oi ing  immiKrants 
any  claim  for  board  or  lodging  after  he  has  been  tendered  ^erf^  ^"'^'^  ^^^' 
the  sum  of  five  dollars  or  such  less  sum  as  is  actually 
due  for  the  board  or  lodging  of  such  immigrant,  shall 
incur  a  penalty  not  exceeding  twenty-five  dollars  and  not 
less  than  five  dollars,  over  and  above  the  value  of  the 
effects  so  detained,  and  he  shall  also  be  liable  to  restore 
such  effects. 

2,  In  the  event  of  such  unlawful  detention,  the  effects  j^^^^^'"*'*!  ^<""  ^f- 
so  detained  may  be  searched  for  and  recovered  under 
search  warrant  as  in  the  case  of  stolen  goods. 

RULES,  FORMS  AND  NOTICES. 

73.  In  addition  to  the  forms  set  out  in  the  schedule  to  of  iS"rSto 
this  Act  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  under  direc-  prescribe  forms. 
tion  or  with  the  consent  of  the  Minister,  shall  prescribe, 
formulate  and  issue  such  rules,  notices,  forms  of  reports 

and  manifests,  and  other  forms  as  are  deemed  necessary 
from  time  to  time  in  connection  with  regulations  made 
under  this  Act  or  for  the  use  and  guidance  of  officers 
under  this  Act,  or  of  transportation  companies  and  agents 
thereof,  and  masters  of  vessels  and  immigrants. 

UNIFORMS. 

74.  The  Superintendent  of  Immigration  shall,  under  jj^^^'fo^^^  J^_ 
the  direction  or  with  the  consent  of  the  Minister,  pre-cers. 

scribe  and  contract  for  suitable  uniforms  and  insignia 
for  the  various  officers  on  duty  at  ports  of  entry,  and  the 
same  shall  be  supplied  to  such  officers,  and  one-third  of 
the  cost  thereof  shall  be  chargeable  to  such  officers,  or 
in  the  case  of  officers  having  their  uniforms  made  to 
order  a  proportionate  sum  shall  be  paid  to  them  on 
account  thereof. 

75.  All  officers  while  on  duty  at  ports  of  entry,  or  on  ujj?fom  when*on 
duty  elsewhere  inspecting  immigrants  or  passengers,  or  duty, 
acting  on  a  Board  of  Inquiry,  or  on  duty  in  connection. 

with  the  deportation  of  any  person  under  this  Act,  shall 
wear  the  uniform  prescribed  for  him,  unless  otherwise 
directed  by  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration. 

PROSECUTIONS  AND  PROCEDURE. 

76.  Any  officer  maj^  institute  summary  proceedings    Prosecutions. 
before  any  police  magistrate,  recorder  or  justice  of  the 

peace  against  any  transportation  company  or  director, 
official  or  employee  thereof  charged  with  an  offence  against 
this  Act,  at  the  place  where  such  offence  was  committed, 


204  THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN   CANADA. 

or  at  the  place  where  such  company  has  an  office  or  place 
of  busmess  in  Canada,  or  where  such  person  then  is. 

Costs.  2.  Such  police  magistrate,  recorder  or  justice  of  the 

peace  may,  in  addition  to  any  fine  or  penalty  imposed, 
award  costs  against  any  such  company  or  person  as  in 
ordinary  cases  of  summary  proceedings,  and  m  default  of 

Imprisonment,  payment  thereof  may  award  imprisonment  for  a  term  not 
exceeding  three  months,  to  termmate  on  payment  of  the 
fine  or  penalty  and  costs  incurred,  and  may,  in  his  discre- 

Award  of  pen-  tion,  award  any  part  of  such  fine  or  penalty,  when  recov- 
^'^y-  ered,  to  the  person  aggrieved  by  or  through  the  act  or  neg- 

lect of  such  company  or  person. 

Application  of     3.  Subjcct  to  sucli  award  to  a  person  aggrieved  all  fines 
fines  and  penal-  ^^ ^  penalties  recovered  under  this  Act  shall  be  paid  to  the 
Minister  of  Finance  and  shall  form  part  of  the  Consoli- 
dated Revenue  Fund  of  Canada. 

Lien  on  prop-  4.  Evcry  duty  and  every  fine  or  penalty  imposed  under 
tatfoncomp^nies!  authority  of  this  Act  upon  a  transportation  company,  or 
upon  any  director,  official  or  employee  thereof,  shall  until 
payment  thereof  be  a  lien  upon  any  and  all  property  of 
such  company  in  Canada,  and  may  be  enforced  and  col- 
lected by  the  seizure  and  sale  of  all  or  any  such  property 
under  the  warrant  or  process  of  the  mao;istrate  or  court 
before  whom  it  has  been  sued  for,  and  shall  be  preferred 

Liability  of  di-  to  all  otlicr  licus  or  hypothecations  except  wages. 
dl\s^^  ^"    °  '       5.  Every  duty  imposed  under  authority  of  this  Act 
upon  a  transportation  company  shall  be  a  duty  devolving 

Owners  of  ves- upon  cvcry  director,  official  or  employee  thereof,  and 
every  duty  imposed  upon  the  master  of  a  vessel  shall  be  a 
duty  devolving  upon  the  owner  thereof. 

Imprisonment     Q    Imi)risonment  of  a  master  or  owner  of  any  vessel,  or 

not  a  discharge  of.  ^  rr^    •    t  i  <•  j  i     i- 

lien.  of  any  official  or  employee  of  any  transportation  com- 

pany, for  any  offence  against  this  Act,  shall  not  discharge 
the  ship  or  other  property  of  such  company  from  the  lien 
attached  thereto  by  this  Act. 

to^bTqu^hefilor      '^'^ '  ^^  convictiou  or  proceeding  under  this  Actshall  be 
want  of  form.      quaslicd  for  waut  of  form,  nor,  unless  the  penalty  imposed 
is  one  hundred  dollars  or  over,  be  removed  by  appeal  or 
certiorari  or  otherwise  into  any  superior  court. 
Warrants     of     2.  No  Warrant  of  commitment""  shall  be  held  void  by 
commi  men  .      j-p^goj^  ^f  j^j^y  defect  therein,  if  it  is  therein  alleged  that  the 
*  person  has  been  convicted,  and  there  is  a  good  and  valid 
conviction  to  sustain  such  warrant. 
Security  in  case      3.  In  case  of  rcmoval  by  appeal  or  certiorari  or  other- 
of  appeal.  ^^.^^  ^^  ^^^  couviction  or  proceeding  under  this  Act  into 

any  superior  court,  security  shall  be  given  to  the  extent 
of  one  hundred  dollars  for  the  costs  of  such  removal  pro- 
ceedings to  such  superior  court. 

^^Generai    pen-     yg    Evcry  pcrsou  wlio  violates  any  provision  of  this 
*  ^'  Act,  or  of  any  order  in  council,  proclamation  or  regula- 

tion thereunder  in  respect  of  which  violation  no  other 
penalty  is  provided  by  this  Act,  shall  incur  a  penalty  not 
exceeding  one  hundred  dollars. 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION   IN    CANADA.  205 

APPLICATION    TO    CHINESE. 

79.  All  provisions  of  this  Act  not  repugnant  to  the  pro-  Act  ^  chin^e." 
visions  of  The  Chinese  Immigration  Act  shall  apply  as  well 

to  persons  of  Chinese  origin  as  to  other  persons. 

EXPENSES    OF    ADMINISTRATION. 

80.  All  expenses  incurred  in  administering  this  Act  and  cofWTdmiui'J 
carrying  out  the  provisions  thereof,  and  of  affording  help  tering  Act. 
and  advice  to  immigrants,  and  aiding,  visiting  and  reliev- 
ing destitute  immigrants,  procuring  medical  assistance 

and  otherwise  attending  to  the  objects  of  immigration, 
shall  be  paid  out  of  any  moneys  granted  by  Parliament 
for  any  such  purpose  and  under  such  regulations  or  under 
such  orders  in  council,  if  any,  as  are  made  for  the  distri- 
bution and  application  of  such  moneys. 

GENERAL    REGULATIONS. 

81.  The  Governor  in  Council  may,  on  the  recommenda- j^po^'*'-  ^°^^l 
tion  of  the  Minister,  make  such  orders  and  regulations,  tions. 

not  inconsistent  mth  this  Act,  as  are  considered  necessary 
or  expedient  for  enforcing  the  provisions  of  this  Act  ac- 
cording to  the  true  intent  and  meaning  thereof. 

REPEAL. 

82.  The  following  Acts  are  repealed:  Chapter  93  of  the    Acts  repealed. 
Kevised  Statutes,  1906;  chapter  19  of  the  statutes  of  1907; 

and  chapter  33  of  the  statutes  of  1908. 


SCHEDULE. 
Form  A. — Permit  to  enter  Canada. — Canada. — The  Immigration  Act,  section  4- 

To  all  Immigration  Officers: 

This  is  to  certify  that (name  in  full),  of ; (last  place  of 

residence), (occupation  or  other  description),  is  hereby  permitted  to 

enter  and  remain  in  Canada  for  a  period  of  from  the  date  hereof  free  from 

examination  or  other  restrictions  under  the  Immigration  Act. 

Dated  at  Ottawa  this day  of 19 — . 

Minister  of  the  Interior. 
[Seal  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior.] 


Form  AA. — Cancellation   (or  extension)  of  permit. — Canada. —  The  Immigration  Act, 

section  4- 

To  all  Immigration  Officers: 

This  is  to  certify,  that  the  Permit  to  Enter  Canada  issued  to (name 

in  full),  of (last  place  of  residence),  on  the day  of 19—  is 

hereby  cancelled  (or  is  hereby  extended  for  a  further  period  of from  the  date 

hereof.) 

Minister  of  the  Interior. 
[Seal  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior.] 


206  THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

Form  B. — Order  for  deportation. — Canada. —  The  Immigration  Act,  section  S3. 

To (transportation  company)  and  to (person  rejected), 

port  of  entry ,  Province  of : 

This  is  to  certify  that (name  in  full),  of (last  place  of 

residence),  a  person  seeking  to  enter  Canada  at  this  port,  ex  (ship  or  train) 

from which  arrived  at  this  port  on at  —  o'clock  has  this  day 

been  examined  by  the  Board  of  Inquiry  {or  officer  in  charge)  at  this  port,  and  has 
been  rejected  for  the  following  reasons: (''  .re  state  reasons  in  full). 

And  the  said is  hereby  ordered  to  be  deported  to  the  place  from 

whence  he  came  to  Canada.  Such  conveyance  shall  be  by  the  first  available  ship 
or  train  of  the  transportation  company  which  brought  the  said to  Canada. 

Dated  at this day  of 19—. 

Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Inquiry 
{or  Immigration  Officer  in  Charge). 

NOTICE   TO    PERSON    ORDERED   TO    BE    DEPORTED. 

If  you  claim  to  be  a  Canadian  citizen  or  to  have  acquired  Canadian  domicile,  you 
have  the  right  to  consult  counsel  and  appeal  to  the  courts  against  deportation. 

In  all  other  cases  you  may  appeal  to  the  Minister  of  the  Interior  against  any  decision 
of  the  Board  of  Inquiry  or  officer  in  charge  whereby  you  are  ordered  to  be  deported 
unless  such  decision  is  based  upon  a  certificate  of  the  examining  medical  officer  that 
you  are  affected  with  a  loathsome  disease  or  a  disease  which  may  become  dangerous 
to  the  public  health.  The  formal  notice  of  appeal  will  be  supplied  to  you  by  the 
immigration  officer  in  charge  upon  request  and  upon  deposit  of  the  sum  of  twenty 
dollars  for  the  cost  of  your  maintenance,  and  the  sum  of  ten  dollars  for  the  maintenance 
of  each  person  dependent  upon  you,  until  the  Minister  has  decided  upon  your  case. 


Form    C— Notice   of  appeal.— Canada.— The   Immigration   Act,    section   19. 

To  the  Minister  of  the  Interior, 

Ottaxva,  Canada. 

l^ (name  in  full),  of (last  place  of  residence),  hereby 

appeal  from  the  decision  of  the  Board  of  Inquiry  (or  officer  in  charge)  at  this  port 
whereby  my  application  to  land  in  Canada  has  been  rejected,  and  I  have  been  ordered 
to  be  deported  to .  . 

And  I  deposit  herewith  the  sum  of  twenty  dollars  for  cost  of  my  maintenance,  and 
ten  dollars  for  the  maintenance  of  each  person  dependent  upon  me  pending  your 
decision. 

Dated  at the day  of ,19—. 


Appellant. 


Form  T>.— Order  to  leave   Canada.— Canada.— The  Immigration  Act,  section  42. 


^^'hereas  it  has  been  shown  bv  evidence  satisfactory  to  His  Excellency  the  Governor 
in  Council  that  you  advocated  "in  Canada  the  overthrow  of  the  Government  of  Canada 
by  force  or  violence  (or  as  the  case  may  be).  j  tt- 

You  are  hereby  ordered  under  and  by  virtue  of  the  authority  conferred  upon  His 

Excellency  by  section  42  of  the  Immigration  Act  within days  after  the  service 

of  this  order  upon  you,  or  after  its  being  left  for  you  at  your  last  known  address  or  place 
of  abode,  to  leave  and  depart  from  Canada,  and  not  to  return. 

Dated  at  Ottawa  this day  of 19 — . 

Clerk  of  the  Council. 
[Seal  of  the  Privy  Council.] 


THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  207 

Form  E.— Order  of  the  Minister  of  Justice.— Canada.— The  Immigration  Act,  section  43. 

To (Governor  or  Warden  of  gaol,  prison,  reformatory  or  penitentiary): 

\\'hereas of has  within  three  years  of  landing  in  Canada 

become  an  inmate  of  ,  having  been  convicted  of  the  crime  of  .     And 

whereas,  under  the  provisions  of  The  Immigration  Act,  Ihave  been  requested  by  the 

Minister  of  the  Interior  to  issue  an  order  to  you,  the  said (warden  or 

governor,  as  the  case  may  be)  to  detain  the  said after  expiry  of  his  sen- 
tence, or  term  of  imprisonment,  and  to  deliver  him  to  the  officer  named  in  the  warrant 
of  the'Superintendent  of  Immigration  with  a  view  to  the  deportation  of  the  said 

Now  know  you  that  I,  the  Minister  of  Justice  of  Canada,  do  hereby,  under  the  pro- 
visions of  the  said  Act,  order  you,  the  said (warden  or  governor),  to 

detain  and  deliver  the  said to the  officer  authorized  by 

warrant  of  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  to  receive  the  said  -— 

from  you  with  a  view  to  his  deportation  under  the  provisions  of  the  said  Act. 

For  which  this  shall  be  your  sufficient  warrant. 

Dated  at  Ottawa  this day  of 19—. 


Minister  of  Justice. 
[Seal  of  the  Department  of  Justice.] 


Form  EE.— Warrant  of  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration.— Canada.— The  Immigra- 
tion Act,  section  4-3. 

By  the  Superintendent  of  Immigration. 
To ,of :  .      . 

Whereas ,  of ,  has  within  three  years  of  his  landing  in 

Canada  become  an  inmate  of (gaol,  prison,  reformatory  or  penitentiary) . 

And  whereas,  under  the  provisions  of  the  Immigration  Act,  the  Minister  ot  the 

Interior  has  ordered  the  deportation  of  the  said and  has  applied  to  the 

Minister  of  Justice  for  an  order  addressed  to  the (governor  or  warden) 

of  the  said (gaol,  prison,  reformatory  or  penitentiary)  commanding  him 

to  detain  and  deliver  the  said into  your  custody  after  expiry  of  his 

sentence  or  term  of  imprisonment  in  the  said (gaol,  prison,  reforma- 
tory or  penitentiary)  with  a  view  to  his  deportation  under  the  provisions  of  the 
said  Act.                                                                                         ^  ^        .        .        j    i       u 

Now  know  you  that  I, ,  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  do  hereby 

order  you  to  receive  the  said (name  of  prisoner)  and  him  safely  to  keep 

and  to  convey  through  any  part  of  Canada,  and  him  to  deliver  to  the  transportation 
company  which  brought  him  to  Canada,  with  a  view  to  his  deportation  to  the  port 
from  which  he  came  to  Canada. 

For  which  this  shall  be  your  sufficient  warrant. 

Dated  at  Ottawa  this day  of 19 — . 

Superintendent  of  Immigration. 
[Seal  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior.] 


Form  F.— Bone?  to  appear  for  examination.— Canada.— The  Immigration  Act,  sectionSS. 
Canada,  Province  of ,  in  the  matter  of  The  Immigration  Act  and  of  A.  B. 

Be  it  remembered  that  on  the day  of ,  in  the  year  nineteen  hundred  and 

,  A.  B.,  formerly  of  [state  place  of  domicile  before  coming  to  Canada],  [occupation^ 

a  person  seeking  to  enter  or  remain  in  Canada;  and  L.  M.  of  [name  of  place],  in  the  said 
province  [occupation],  and  N.  O.  of  the  same  place  [occupation],  personally  came  before 
me  and  acknowledged  themselves  to  owe  to  our  Sovereign  Lord  the  King,  his  heirs 
and  successors,  the  several  sums  following,  that  is  to  say: 

The  said  A.  B.  the  sum  of dollars,  and  the  said  L.  M.  and  N.  O.  the  sum  of 

dollars  each,  of  good  and  lawful  current  money  of  Canada,  to  be  made  and 

levied  of  their  several  goods  and  chattels,  lands  and  tenements  respectively,  to  the 
use  of  our  said  Sovereign  Lord  the  King,  his  heirs  and  successors,  if  he,  the  said 
A.  B.  fails  in  the  condition  hereunder  written. 


208  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA. 

Taken  and  acknowledged  the  day  and  year  first  above  mentioned  at in  the 

province  aforesaid  before  me ^  [Justice  of  Peace,  or.  Notary  Public]. 

The  condition  of  the  above  written  obligation  is  such,  that  whereas  the  said  A.  B. 
is  held  in  custody  under  authority  of  The  Immigration  Act  for  examination  touching 
the  right  of  the  said  A.  B.  to  enter  or  remain  in  Canada;  if,  therefore,  the  said  A.  B. 
appears  before  the  Board  of  Inquiry  or  officer  acting  as  such  at  the  Immigrant  Station 

at on  the day  of next  at  the  hour  of in  the  noon,  and 

there  surrenders  himself  into  custody  of  an  Immigration  Officer  and  submits  to 
examination  under  the  said  Act,  and  does  not  attempt  to  escape  from  such  custody, 
then  this  obligation  shall  be  void,  otherwise  to  stand  in  full  force  and  effect. 


REGULATION. 

The  following  Regulation  was  promulgated  by  the  Superintendent 
of  Immigration,  May  6,  1910 — 

No  immio;rant  shall  be  treated  for  any  of  the  diseases  specified  or 
referred  to  m  subsection  (6)  of  Section  Three  of  the  Immigration  Act 
unless  it  appears  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Canadian  Immigration 
Medical  Inspector  conducting  the  medical  examination  that  such 
immigrant  was  free  from  disease  when  leaving  his  or  her  home  to 
commence  the  journey  to  Canada,  and  that  any  disease  which  the 
immigrant  has  at  time  of  arrival  in  Canada  has  been  contracted 
or  developed  during  the  journey,  and  that  it  can  be  completely  and 
permanently  cured  within  a  reasonably  short  space  of  time;  and  fur- 
ther, that  no  cost  shall  be  incurred  by  the  Department  for  such 
treatment. 

ORDERS-IN-COUNCIL, 

The  following  orders-in-council  have  been  promulgated  under  the 
Canadian  immigration  act  of  May  4,  1910: 

P.  C.  924. 

At  the  Government  House  at  Ottawa, 

Monday,  the  9th  day  of  May,  1910. 

Present:  His  Excellency  in  Council. 

His  Excellency  in  Council  is  pleased,  in  virtue  of  the  provisions  of 
Section  37  of  the  Immigration  Act  of  9  and  10  Edward  VII,  to  make 
and  doth  hereby  make  the  following  Regulations: — 

1.  No  immigrant,  male  or  female,  other  than  a  member  of  a  family 
provided  for  under  the  following  regulations  shall  be  permitted  to 
enter  Canada  between  the  first  da}^  of  March  and  the  thirty-first  day 
of  October  both  days  inclusive,  unless  he  or  she  have  in  actual  and 
personal  possession  at  the  time  of  arrival,  money,  belonging  abso- 
lutely to  such  immigrant,  to  the  amount  of  at  least  S25.00  in  addition 
to  a  ticket  or  such  sum  of  money  as  will  purchase  a  ticket  or  transport 
for  such  immigrant  to  his  or  her  destination  in  Canada. 

2.  If  an  immigrant  so  intending  to  enter  Canada  is  the  head  of  a 
famil}^  and  is  accompanied  by  his  or  her  family  or  any  members 
thereof,  the  foregoing  regulations  shall  not  apply  to  such  family  or 
the  members  thereof  but  the  said  immigrant  head  of  family  shall  have 
in  his  or  her  possession,  in  addition  to  the  said  sum  of  money  and 
means  of  transport  hereinbefore  required,  a  further  sum  of  money, 
belonging  absolutely  to  such  immigrant,  equivalent  to  $25.00  for 
each  member  of  the  said  family  of  the  age  of  eighteen  years  or 


THE    IMMIGRATION    SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  209 

upwards,  and  $12.50  for  each  member  of  said  family  of  the  age  of  five 
years  or  upwards  and  under  the  age  of  eighteen  years,  and  in  addition 
tickets  or  a  sum  of  money  equivalent  to  the  cost  of  transport  for  all 
the  said  members  of  the  family  to  their  place  of  destination  in  Canada. 

3.  Every  such  immigrant,  seeking  to  enter  Canada,  between  the 
first  day  of  November  and  the  last  day  of  February  both  inclusive, 
shall  be  subject  to  the  foregoing  regulations,  with  the  substitution 
of  $50.00  for  $25.00  and  $25.00  for  $12.50,  wherever  the  said  sums 
of  $25.00  and  $12.50  are  mentioned  in  the  said  regulations. 

4.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  immigration  officers  at  the  various 
places  or  ports  of  entry  or  landing  in  Canada  to  see  that  the  foregoing 
regulations  are  complied  with.  Provided,  however,  that  the  immi- 
gration agent  may,  notwithstanding  anything  hereinbefore  contained, 
exempt  any  immigrant  from  the  operation  of  the  foregoing  regula- 
tions if  it  is  shown  to  his  satisfaction  that : 

(a)  The  immigrant,  if  a  male,  is  going  to  assured  employment  at 
farm  work,  and  has  the  means  of  reaching  the  place  of  such  employ- 
ment; or 

(h)  That  the  immigrant,  if  a  female,  is  going  to  assured  employ- 
ment at  domestic  service,  and  has  the  means  of  reaching  the  place  of 
such  employment;  or 

(c)  That  the  immigrant,  whether  male  or  female,  is  of  one  of  the 
following  descriptions,  and  is  going  to  reside  with  a  relative  of  one 
of  the  following  descriptions,  who  is  able  and  willing  to  support  such 
immigrant  and  has  the  means  of  reaching  the  place  of  residence  of 
such  relative : 

(1)  Wife  going  to  husband. 

(2)  Child  going  to  parent. 

(3)  Brother  or  sister  going  to  brother. 

(4)  Minor  going  to  married  or  independent  sister. 

(5)  Parent  going  to  son  or  daughter. 

These  regulations  shall  not  apply  to  immigrants  belonging  to  any 
Asiatic  race. 

(Sgd.)  RODOLPHE    BOUDREAU, 

Cleric  of  the  Privy  Council. 


P.  C.  918. 

At  the  Government  House  at  Ottawa, 

Monday,  the  9th  day  of  May,  1910. 

Present:  His  Excellency  in  Council. 

His  Excellency,  in  virtue  of  the  provisions  of  section  37  of  the 
Immigration  Act,  Statutes  of  Canada,  9  and  10  Edward  VII,  and  by 
and  with  the  advice  of  the  King's  Privy  Council  for  Canada,  is  pleased 
to  make  and  doth  hereby  make  the  following  regulation: — 

No  immi^ant  shall  be  permitted  to  enter  Canada  if  he  or  she, 
being  a  subject  or  citizen  of  any  country  which  issues  a  passport  or 
penal  certificate  or  both  to  persons  emigrating  therefrom,  fails  to 
produce  such  passport  or  penal  certificate  or  both  upon  demand  by 
the  immigration  officer  in  charge,  and  whether  coming  to  Canada 
directly  or  indirectly  from  any  such  country. 

(Sgd.)  Rodolphe  Boudreau, 

Cleric  of  the  Privy  Council, 
35365— S.  Doc.  469,  61-2 14 


210  THE   IMMIGRATION    SITUATION   IN    CANADA. 

P.  C.  926. 

At  the  Government  House  at  Ottawa, 

Monday,  the  9th  day  of  May,  1910. 

Present:  His  Excellenc}^  in  Council. 

His  Excellency  in  Council  is  pleased,  under  the  authority  of 
section  37  of  the  Immiijration  Act  of  9  and  10  Edward  A' II,  to  make 
and  doth  hereby  make  the  following  regulation: — 

No  immigrant  of  Asiatic  origin  shall  be  permitted  to  enter  Canada 
unless  in  actual  and  personal  possession  in  his  or  her  own  right  of 
two  hundred  dollars,  unless  such  person  is  a  native  or  subject  of  an 
Asiatic  country  in  regard  to  which  special  statutory  regulations  are 
in  force  or  with  which  the  Government  of  Canada  has  made  a  special 
treaty,  agreement  or  convention. 

(Sgd.)  RoDOLPHE  Boudreau, 

Clerk  of  the  Privy  Council. 


P.  C.  920. 

At  the  Government  House  at  Ottawa, 

Monday,  the  9t'h  day  of  May,  1910. 
Present :  His  Excellency  in  Council. 

His  Excellency  in  Council  is  pleased,  under  the  authority  of  sub- 
section 1  of  section  38  of  the  Immigration  Act  of  9  and  10  Edward 
VII,  to  make  and  doth  hereby  make  the  following  regulation: — 

From  and  after  the  date  hereof  the  landing  in  Canada  shall  be  and 
the  same  is  hereby  ])rohibited  of  any  immigrants  who  have  come  to 
Canada  otherwise  than  by  continuous  journey  from  the  country  of 
which  they  are  natives  or  citizens,  and  upon  through  tickets  pur- 
chased in  that  country  or  purchased  or  prepaid  in  Canada. 

(Sgd.)  RoDOLPHE  Boudreau, 

Cleric  of  the  Privy  Council. 


P.    C.    919. 

At  THE  Government  House  at  Ottawa, 

Monday,  the  9th  day  of  May,  1910. 

Present:  His  Excellency  in  Council. 

Whereas  by  section  71  of  the  Immigration  Act,  9  and  10  Edward 
VII,  it  is  provided  as  follows: — 

71.  Every  inn-keeper  or  boarding  house  keeper  in  any  city,  town, 
village  or  place  in  Canada  designated  by  any  Order  in  Council,  who 
receives  into  his  house  as  a  boarder  or  lodger  any  immigrant  within 
three  months  after  his  arrival  in  Canada,  shall  cause  to  be  kept  con- 
spicuously posted  in  the  public  rooms  and  passages  of  his  house,  and 
printed  upon  his  business  cards,  a  list  of  the  prices  which  will  be 
charged  to  immigrants  per  day  and  per  week  for  board  and  lodging, 
or  both,  and  also  the  prices  for  separate  meals,  which  cards  shall  also 
contain  the  name  of  the  keeper  of  such  house,  together  with  the  name 
of  the  street  in  which  it  is  situate,  and  its  number  in  such  street. 


THE   IMMIGRATION   SITUATION    IN    CANADA.  211 

2.  No  such  inn-keeper  or  boarding  house  keeper  shall  have  any  lien 
on  the  effects  of  such  immigrant  for  any  amount  claimed  for  such 
boarding  or  lodging  for  any  sum  exceeding  five  dollars.    . 

And  whereas  it  is  considered  expedient  to  bring  this  section  into 
force  in  certain  places,  Therefore  His  Excellency  in  Council  is  pleased 
to  designate  and  doth  hereby  designate,  for  the  purpose  of  the  said 
section  71,  the  cities  of  Ottawa  and  Toronto,  in  the  province  of  Onta- 
rio; the  cities  of  Quebec  and  Montreal,  in  the  province  of  Quebec; 
the  city  of  Halifax,  in  the  province  of  Nova  Scotia;  the  city  of  St. 
John,  in  the  province  of  New  Brunswick;  the  city  of  Winnipeg  in  the 
provmce  of  Manitoba;  and  the  cities  of  Vancouver,  Victoria  and 
Prince  Rupert,  in  the  province  of  British  Columbia,  as  cities  in  which 
every  keeper  of  a  tavern,  hotel  or  boarding  house  therein  who  receives 
into  his  house  as  a  boarder  or  lodger  any  immigrant  within  three 
months  after  his  arrival  in  Canada,  shall  be  subject  to  the  require- 
ments and  the  provisions  of  the  said  section. 

(Sgd.)  RODOLPHE    BOUDREAU, 

Clerk  of  the  Privy  Council. 


The  following  form  C'  67  Imm.")  shows  the  evidence  that  is  required 
to  bring  about  the  deportation  of  an  undesirable  immigrant.  Copies 
of  this  form  may  be  obtained  by  writing  to  the  Superintendent  of 
Immigration,  Ottawa.     Letters  so  addressed  are  carried  post  free. 

The  recommendation  to  deport  should  be  signed  by  a  Mayor,  Reeve 
or  other  public  officer  having  cognizance  of  the  facts. 

The  space  for  Doctor's  certificate  may  be  left  blank  in  cases  other 
than  those  in  which  the  cause  of  deportation  is  disease,  or  mental  or 
physical  disability. 

FOR  THE  INFORMATION  OF  THE  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  IMMIGRATION, 

OTTAWA. 

, ,  19—. 


Statement  in  re  — \ (undesirable  immigrant)  —    Age Nationality 

Arrived  at  the  Port  of by  S.  S. Date  of  landing , Travelled 

inland  on  Railway    Present  whereabouts  Why  Deportation  is  sug- 
gested   (The  grounds  should  be  stated  as  nearly  as  possible  in  the  terms  of  the 

Immigration  Act) History  in  Canada Whether  able  to  pay  the  whole 

or  any  part  of  the  cost  of  transportation Name  and  address  of  friends  in  the 

Old    Country   Relationship   Doctor's    Certificate   M.    D. 

(address) 

Deportation  recommended  by 


(address) 

Form  67,  Imm. 

Note. — Four  copies  of  above  are  required,  and  if  the  undesirable  is  thought  to  be 
an  American  Citizen,  by  birth  or  naturalization,  form  "67  A"  is  ^Iso  required  to  be 
completed  in  quadruplicate. 


INDEX. 


Aberdeen,  agency  in,  11.  ,     ,     •     tt  •     j  cix  ^ 

Advertising,  11-13;  placards  at  Dublin  Exposition,  24;  methods  m  United  btates, 

28-30'. 
African  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  37,  174. 
Age  of  United  States  immigrants  from  Canada,  39. 
Ao'ents:  Booking,  12.  26,  35,  153;  immigration,  11,  12,  58;  m  charge  of  juveniles,  26; 

"       Canadian,  in  United  States,  29,  30,  35. 
Agriculture.     (See  Farming.) 
Alabama,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 
Alaska,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 
Alberta,  Japanese  in,  64;  natives  of  United  States  in,  33. 
Aliens.     (See  Immigrants.) 
Alsatian  immigrants  to  Canada,  16. 

Anarchists,  barred  from  Canada,  56,  129,191;  barred  from  United  States,  42,  133,  147. 
Anno,  S.,  evidence  before  Canadian  commission,  69. 
Antwerp,  agency  in,  11. 
Arabian  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  174. 
Arizona,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 
Arkansas,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 
Armenians:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  51,  174;  to  United  States  from 

Canada,  37:  deported,  51. 
Asiatic  Exclusion  League,  cooperated  with  sugar  planters  of  Hawaii,  66. 
Asiatics:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  18,  52,  175;  to  United  States  from  Canada, 

38,  39;  deported,  52;  exclusion  of,  60,  61;  money  requirement,  47,  169,  210; 

number  in  Canada,  75.     (See  also  separate  races.) 
Australasia,  natives  of,  in  Canada,  74,  75. 
Australian  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  174;  deported,  50. 
Austria-Hungary:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  174;  natives  of,  in  Canada, 

74-76. 
Austrian  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  51,  174;  deported,  50,  51. 
Bavarian  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  174. 
Belfast,  agency  in,  11. 
Belgians:  Immigration  favored,  11,  12;  number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  51, 

174;   deported,  50,  51;  number  in  Canada,  74,  75. 
Bermudian  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  174. 

Birmingham,  agency  in,  11.  ;.  /~i 

Boards  of  inquiry,  special  and  permanent,  43,  57,  58,  144;  authority  of,  56,  144;   Can- 
adian laws  in  re,  104-106,  183;   United  States  laws  in  re,  144. 
Boarding  houses,  regulated,  59,  124,  169,  202;   keepers  of  Japanese,  66,  67. 
Bohemians:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16, 174;  to  United  States  from  Canada, 

37;  deported,  50.  . ,  o  oc 

Bonus  paid  to  agents,  amount  of,  12,  30,  35,  153;  immigrants  on  whom  paid,  12,  18,  35, 

153. 
Brazilian  immigrants  to  Canada,  16. 
British.     (See  English,  Irish,  etc.) 
British  Columbia:     Natives  of  United  States  in,  33;  Chinese  in,  62;  Japanese  m,  64-66; 

Hindus  in,  71;  immigration  act,  60,  61. 
British  Islands,  natives  of,  in  Canada,  74,  75. 
Brown,  David  E.,  evidence  before  Canadian  commission,  70. 
Bryce,  P.  H.,  on  deportation  of  defectives,  53,  54. 

Bukowinians:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  51,  174;  deported,  50,  51,  54. 
Bulgarians:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  51,  174;  to  United  States  from 

Canada,  37;  deported,  50,  51,  54. 

213 


214  INDEX. 

Calif oruia,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 

Central  America,  Chinese  bound  for,  64. 

Central  Emigration  Board,  emigration  promoted  by,  163,  164. 

Central  Unemployed  Body,  emigration  promoted  by,  162,  164. 

Charity:  British  organizations,  25,. 158-165;    juvenile  immigration,  25,  26;  assisted 

immigration,  26,  27,  134, 181;  public  charges,  48,  49,  55,  56,  133,  191. 
Children.     (See  Juvenile.) 

Chillingworth,  Charles  F.,  assisted  Japanese  immigration  to  Vancouver,  67,  68. 
Chinese:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  18,  52,  60-65,  174;  occupations  of,  21; 

wages,  63;   deported,  50,  52;   in  transit,  64;   head-tax  on,  61,  62;   number    in 

Canada, 74-76. 
Church  Army,  emigration  promoted  by,  161,  164. 
Church  Emigration  Society,  emigration  promoted  by,  162,  164. 
Churches,  cooperation  with,  59. 

Cities,  emigrants  from,  21,  53;   immigration  to,  discouraged,  9. 
Clark,  John  H.,  author's  acknowledgment  to,  10;  on  Canadian  emigration  to  United 

States,  34;   on  return  emigration  to  United  States,  40. 
Clerks,  immigrants  to  Canada,  21. 
Colorado,  lands,  30;  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 
Connecticut,  homestead crs  to  Canada,  32. 
Contract  labor,  not  excluded  by  Canada,  42,  57,  58;  United  States  laws  in  re,  42,  58, 

134,  135,  143;  excluded  from  United  States  in  1908,  44;  emigration  of  Hindu, 

prohibited,  72. 
Cost.     (See  Expenditures.) 
Criminals:  Canadianlawsinre,  42, 84-86, 102,171, 181;  Canadian  orders  of  deportation, 

130,  172,  173;  United  States  laws  in  re,  41,  133;  United  States  census  of  alien, 

55,  56. 
Croatians:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16, 174;  to  United  States  from  Canada,  37. 
Cuba,  Chinese  bound  for,  64. 

Cubans,  immigrants  to  United  States  from  Canada,  37. 
Dalmatian.'^:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,    16,    174;  to    United    States    from 

Canada,  37. 
Danish:  Immigration  favored,   11,   12;  number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  51, 

174;  deported,  50,  51,  54;  number  in  Canada,  74,  75. 
Davichaud,  assisted  Hindu  contract  labor,  71. 
Defectives  and  di-lincpients,  53-55. 
Delegates,  farmers  abroad,  12,  13. 
Deportation,  48-56;  Canadian    laws   in  re,  48,  49,  54-56,  83-86,  112-117,  187,  191; 

Canadian  order  in  council,  45,  46,   167,   168,  212;  orders  of  deportation,  128- 

130,   172,   173,  205-20S;  number  of  j)erpons  dejjorted   from  Canada,  50-52,  55; 

causes  of,  53,  54;  United  States  laws  in  re,  54,  55,  135,  140-142,  146;  number 

of  persons  deported  from  United  States,  55. 
Discretionary  authority  of  Canadian  officials,  10,  45-48. 
Diseased  immigrants:  Canadian  laws  in  re,  83,  84,  101,  107,  110,  155,  171,  181,  208; 

deported  from  Canada  1907-1909,53,54;  medical  inspection,  44,83,  107;  treat- 
ment of,  110,  111,  141,  189;  United  States  laws  in  re,  133,  136,  141,  146. 
Domestic  servants,  immigration  favored,  12,  20,  58;  immigrants  to  Canada,  21,  39. 
Doukhobors,  immigrants  to  Canada,  16. 
Dublin,  agencv  in,  11;  Ex])osition,  24. 
Dutch:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  51,  174;  to  United   States  from 

Canada,  37;  deported,  50-54;  number  in  Canada,  74-76. 
East  End  Emigration  Society,  emigration  promoted  by,  161,  164. 
Eaist  Indians.     {See  Hindus.) 
Egyptian  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  174. 
Emigration:  Return,  34;  repatriation  of  Canadians,  31;  United    States   to    Canada, 

28-35;  Canada  to  United  States,  36-40. 
Emplovment:  assured,  20,  46,  57-59,209;  bureaus,  58. 
EngHsh:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  24,  28,  51,  174;  to  United  States 

from  Canada,  38;  deported,  50,  52,  54;  homesteaders  to  Canada,  22,  23;  natives 

of  Canada,  37;  number  in  Canada,  74-76;  Canadian  expenditures,  14. 
European:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  14-20,  44,  51,  52,  174-176;  to  United 

States,  19,  44;  homesteaders  to  Canada,  22,  23;  Canadian  expenditures,  13-15. 
Exclusion,  Canadian  laws  in  re,  41^5,  60,  151;  United  States  laws  in  re,  41,  42,  44, 

133,  134;  classes  excluded,  41-43;  Hindu,  73. 
Exeter,  agency  in,  11. 
Exhibits,  immigration,  11,  24,  29. 
Expenditures,  Canadian,  for  immigration,  9,  12-15;  in  United  States,  34,  35. 


INDEX.  215 

Farminf:  Lands,  9,  20-22;  settlers  desired  in  Canada,  9,  11-13,  20,  58;  settlers 
entering  Canada,  21-22,  31,  32;  immigrants  to  United  States  from  Canada,  39; 
from  elsewhere,  31,  32. 

Finnish:  Immigration  favored,  11,  12;  number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  51, 
174;  to  United  States  from  Canada,  38;  deported,  50,  51,  54;  emigrants  from 
United  States,  31. 

Fiscal  year,  defined,  13. 

Florida,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 

Fortier,  L.  M.,  author's  acknowledgment  to,  10. 

French:  Immigration  favored,  11,  12;  number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  51, 
174;  to  United  States  from  Canada,  38;  deported,  50,  51,  54;  number  in  Canada, 
74-76;  natives  of  Canada,  37. 

French-Canadians:  Return  to  Canada,  31,  34;  immigrants  to  United  States,  38; 
natives,  37. 

Galician  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  23,  51,  174;  deported,  50,  51,  54. 

Geer,  A.  V.,  assisted  Japanese  immigration  to  Vancouver,  68. 

Georgia,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 

Germans:  Immigration  favored,  11;  number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  51, 
174;  to  United  States  from  Canada,  38;  deported,  50,  51,  54;  number  in  Canada, 
74-76;  emigrants  from  United  States,  31. 

Glasgow,  agency  in,  11. 

Gotoh,  Mr.,  experiment  with  Japanese  contract  labor,  68,  69. 

Great  Britain.     (See  English,  Irish,  etc.) 

Greeks:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  51,  174;  to  United  States  from  Can- 
ada, 38;  deported,  50,  51,  52. 

Harrison,  Ralph  P.,  author's  acknowledgment  to,  10. 

Hawaii,  Japanese  from,  65-70.  \ 

Head  tax.     {See  Tax.) 

Hebrews:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  23,  51,  174;  to  United  States  from 
Canada,  38;  deported,  50,  51,  54;  number  in  Canada,  76. 

Hindus:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  18,  52,  60,  65,  70-73,  174;  to  United 
States  from  Canada,  37,  39;  deported,  50,  52,  54;  occupations  of,  21;  legislation 
against,  47,  48;  number  in  Canada,  75,  76. 

Holland:  Immigration  favored,  11,  12;  natives  of,  in  Canada,  74-76. 

Homestead  entries  into  Canada,  21-23,  32,  33. 

Hotels,  regulated,  59,  125,  169,  202. 

Hungarian  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  51,  174;  deported,  50,  51,  54. 

Husband,  W.  W.,  author  of  the  report,  10. 

Icelandic:  Immigration  favored,  11;  number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16-19,  44,  51, 
52,  174,  175;  to  United  States,  19,  44;  deported,  50,  51,  52;  rejected,  44;  occupa- 
tions of,  21;  homesteaders,  22;  number  in  Canada,  74,  75. 

Idaho,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 

Illinois,  emigrants  to  Canada,  31;  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 

Illiterates,  from  Canada,  39;  legislated  against  in  British  Columbia,  60. 

Immigrants: 

To  Canada,  desired,  9,  11,  15,  20,  46,  58;  not  desired,  11,  15,  46,  171;  number  of,  9, 
14-19,  28,  30,  35,  44,  51,  52,  174-176;  excluded,  41,  42;  rejected,  44,  45;  property 
of,  31;  occupations  of,  21;  bonus  paid  on,  11,  12,  18,  30,  35;  right  to  counsel,  43. 
To  United  States,  number  of,  9,  19  44,  55;  rejected,  44,  45;  deported,  55;  occupa- 
tions of,  39;  laws  in  re,  132-150;  farmers,  31;  Canadian,  36-40;  Irish,  23-25. 

Immigration,  Canadian:  Selection,  9,  11,  15,  18,  41;  efforts  in  United  States,  28-30; 
expenditures,  13,  14,  35;  inspection,  43^5,  56,  57,  83,  107,  186;  prohibition,  15, 
45-48,  73,  83, 101,  167,  180,  190;  exclusion,  41^5,  60,  73,  151;  rejection,  44,  45, 
48,  65,  83,  116;  deportation,  45,  46,  48-56,  83,  113,  128,  167,  187,  191;  protection, 
58,  59,  86,  121,  198;  assisted,  26,  27,  43,  181;  juvenile,  25,  26;  recent,  28-32,  74, 
174-176;  earlier,  33;  laws  in  re,  41-59,  79-131, 165-173, 177-212;  orders  in  council, 
27,  42,  43,  45-47, 165-173,  209-212;  policy  of  Canada,  U,  45;  racial  composition, 
15,  19,  31,  74-76;  sources  of,  9,  15-20,  31,  33,  35;  from  United  States,  9,  10,  12, 
14,  16,  18,  28-35,  51,  52,  174-176;  from  United  Kingdom,  9,  14,  16-19,  174-176; 
from  Europe,  14-20,  44,  51,  52,  174-176;  Irish,  23-25;  Chinese,  61-64;  Japanese, 
64-70;  oriental,  60-73;  Hindu,  70-73;  to  United  States,  36^0;  via  United  States, 
46.     (iSee  a/so  separate  races.) 

Immigration,  United  States  Bureau  of,  37,  57. 

Indian  emigration  act,  72.     {See  also  Hindus.) 

Indiana,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 

Industrial  immigrants:  No  demand  for,  20;  to  New  England,  38. 

Inspection  of  immigrants,  44,  83,  107,  186. 

Iowa,  emigrants  to  Canada,  31;  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 


216  iNDE5t. 

Irish:  Immigration  favored,  11;  number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  23-25,  51, 
174;  to  United  States  from  Canada,  37,  38;  deported,  50,  51,  54;  homesteaders, 
22,  23;  Canadian  expenditures,  14;  number  in  Canada,  74-76. 
Italians:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  51,  174;  to  United  States  from 

Canada,  38;  deported,  50-52,  54;  number  in  Canada,  75,  76. 
Jamaican  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  174. 

Japanese:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  18,  52,  60,  64-70,  174;  to  United 
States  from  Canada,  38,  39;  deported,  50,  52;  occupations  of,  21;  wages,   66; 
number  in  Canada,  75. 
Jewish      (See  Hebrews.) 
Juvenile  immigration,  25,  26. 

Kansas,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 

Kentucky,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 

King,  W.  L.  Mackenzie,  author's  acknowledgment  to,  10;  report  on  Chinese  immigra- 
tion, 62,  63;  on  Japanese  immigration,  65-70;  on  Hindu  immigration,  70-73. 

Korean  immigrants  to  United  States  from  Canada,  38. 

Labor,  immigrants  to  Canada,  21,  32,  39;  contract,  42-i4,  57,  58,  72;  farm,  21,  39,  58; 
native  superseded  by  foreign,  40;  Chinese,  62,  63;  Japanese,  65-70;  Hindu,  71, 
72;  employment  bureaus,  58. 

Lands:  Agricultural,  9,  11,  20,  31;  railway,  22;  public,  20-22,  31,  32. 

Laws: 

Canadian,  immigration  law,  41-59,  73,  76-131,  165-173,  177-212;  flexibility  of, 
27,  45-48;  medical  inspection,  57;  deportation,  48,  49,54-57,  187,  191;  money 
qualification,  46,  190,  209;  Chinese,  61,  127,  204;  British  Columbia  immigration 
act,  60,  61;  Indian  emigration  act,  72. 
United  States,  immigration  law,  132-150;  medical  inspection,  57;  exclusion, 
41^3,  58;  deportation,  54-56;  assisted  immigration,  134. 

Literacy,  of  United  States  immigrants  from  Canada,  39;  British  Columbia  legislation 
regarding,  60,  61. 

Lithuanian  immigrants  to  United  States  from  Canada,  38. 

Liverpool,  agency  in,  11. 

London,  agency  in,  11. 

Louisiana,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 

Magyars:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  174;  to  United  States  from 
Canada,  38. 

Maine,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 

Makino,  K.,  assisted  Japanese  immigration  to  Vancouver,  68. 

Malay  immigrants  to  Canada,  16. 

Maltese  immigrants  to  Canada,  16. 

Manitoba,  natives  of  United  States  in,  33;  Japanese  in,  64. 

Maruyama,  K.,  assisted  Japanese  immigration  to  Vancouver,  67. 

Maryland,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 

Massachusetta,  emigrants  to  Canada,  31;  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 

Mechanics,  immigrants  to  Canada,  21,  32. 

Medical  inspection,  Canadian,  44, 45,  56,  57,  83, 107, 186;  United  States,  44,  45,  57,  140. 

Mennonites,  immigrants  to  Canada,  16.  . 

Mexico,  Chinese  bound  for,  64;  Japanese  from,  65;  Mexican  immigrants  to  United 
States  from  Canada,  38. 

Michigan,  emigrants  to  Canada,  31;  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 

Miners,  immigrants  to  Canada,  21. 

Minnesota,  emigrants  to  Canada,  31;  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32,  33. 

Minto,  Earl,  disallowed  British  Columbia  immigration  act,  60. 

Missouri,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 

Moldavian  immigrants  to  Canada,  16. 

Money:  .         .  ,  .„ 

Requirement,  Canadian  law  in  re,  83,  111,  168,  190,  209;  varies  with  season,  46, 

167,  170,  172;  of  Asiatics,  47,  169,  210;  of  Japanese,  67;  of  Hindus,  73. 
Amount  brought  to  United  States  by  Canadian  immigrants,  39. 

Montana,  lands,  30;  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 

Morikawa,  Mr.,  discouraged  Japanese  immigration  to  Vancouver,  67-69. 

Munro,  Doctor,  author's  acknowledgment  to,  10;  inspection  of  Japanese  at  Van- 
couver, 67-69. 

Nebraska,  emigrants  to  Canada,  31;  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 

Negro  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  174;  number  in  Canada,  76. 

Nevada,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 

New  Brunswick,  natives  of  United  States  in,  33. 

New  Hampshire,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 


INDEX.  217 

New  Jersey,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 

New  Mexico,  homesteadera  to  Canada,  32. 

New  York,  emigrants  to  Canada,  31;  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 

New  Zealand:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  174. 

Newfoundland:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  174;  natives  of,  in  Canada,  75; 

natives  of,  in  United  States,  36,  37;  Chinese  bound  for,  64. 
North  Carolina,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 

North  Dakota,  emigrants  to  Canada,  31;  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32,  33. 
Norwegians:  Immigration  favored,  11,  12;  number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17, 

51,  174;  deported,  50,  51,  54;  number  in  Canada,  75. 
Nova  Scotia,  natives  of  United  States  in,  33. 
Occupations,  favored,  12;  of  immigrants,  20,  21,  39. 
O'Connor,  T.  P.,  quotation  from  paper,  24. 
O'Hara,  F.  C.  F.,  author's  acknowledgment  to,  10. 
Ohio,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 
Oklahoma,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 
Oliver,   Frank,   Canadian  Minister  of  the  Interior,   13;  introduced  bill  amending 

Canadian  immigration  act,  43. 
Ontario,  lands  west  of,  20;  natives  of  United  States  in,  33,  34. 
Orders  in  council,  Canadian,  in  re  assisted  immigration,  27,  42,  43,  166;  immigration 

through  United  States  ports,  45,  46,  168;  money  requirement,  46,  47,  167,  169, 

170,  209,211;  hotel  regulation,  170,  211;  continuous  journey  on  through  ticket, 

47,  167,190. 
Oregon,  emigrants  to  Canada,  31;  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 
Orientals:  Immigrants  to  Canada,  60-73;  Canadian  legislation  regarding,  47;  oriental 

commission,  62,  63,  71. 
Pacific  Islands,  immigrant  to  United  States  from  Canada,  38. 
Paris,  agency  in,  11. 

Passports,  Japanese,  70;  to  United  States,  133. 
Penal  institutions,  immigrants  in  United  States,  55,  56. 
Pennsylvania,  emigrants  to  Canada,  31;  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 
Persian  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  174. 
Polish:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  51,  174;  to  United  States  from 

Canada,  38;  deported,  50,  51. 
Polygamists,  barred  from  United  States,  42,  133. 
Population: 

Of  Canada,  foreign  elements,  74-76;  native-born,  36;  Irish,  25;  United  States, 

36;  Japanese,  64,  65. 
Of  United  States,  Irish,  25;  Canadian,  36,  37. 
Portuguese:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16, 174;  to  United  States  from  Canada, 

38;  in  Hawaii,  66. 
Prentis,  Percy  L.,  author's  acknowledgment  to,  10. 
Press,  advertising  through,  11,  12. 
Prince  Edward  Island,  natives  of  United  States  in,  33. 
Probation  of  immigrants,  49,  52. 
Prohibition  of  certain  classes,  Canadian,  83,  84,  101,  102,  171,  180, 190;  United  States, 

133-135.     {See  also  Exclusion,  Deportation,  etc.) 
Propaganda,  Canada's  immigration,  9,  11;  in  United  States,  28-30;  not  tolerated  in 

some  countries,  15. 
Prostitutes,  Canadian  laws  in  re,  42,  43,  53,  84,  102, 113,  171,  181,  191;  United  States 

laws  in  re,  41,  54,  55, 133-135. 
Protection  of  immigrants,  after  landing,  58,  59,  201;  laws  in  re,  86-89,  121-124, 198. 
Prussian  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  174. 
Public  charges.     {See  Charity.) 
Quebec,  natives  of  United  States  in,  33,  34. 

Regulations,  Canadian  immigration,  41,  57,  59,  165-173,  205,  208.     {See  also  Laws.) 
Rejection  of  immigrants,  44,  45,  48,  65,  83,  116. 
Rhode  Island,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  32. 
Roumanians:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  51,  174;  to  United  States 

from  Canada,  38;  deported,  50,  51,  52;  number  in  Canada,  75;  farm  laborers,  31. 
Russians:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  23,  51,  174;  to  United  States  from 

Canada,  38;  deported,  50,  51,  54;  number  in  Canada,  75,  76. 
Ruthenians:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  51,  174;  to  United  States  from 

Canada,  38;  deported,  51. 
Salvation  Army,  cooperation  with,  12;  assisted  immigration  to  Canada,  163. 
Saskatchewan,  natives  of  United  States  in,  33;  Japanese  in,  64. 
Saxon  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  174. 
Scandinavians:  Number  in  Canada,  76;  immigrants  to  United  States  from  Canada,  38; 

emigrants  from  United  States  to  Canada,  31. 


218  INDEX. 

Scotch:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  24,  51,  174;  to  United  States  from 
Canada,  37,  38;  deported,  50,  51,  54;  number  in  Canada,  75,  76;  homesteaders, 
22,  23;  Canadian  expenditures,  14. 
Scott,  W.  D.,  author's  acknowledgment  to,  10, 174;  circular  to  booking  agents,  153-157. 
Self-Help  Emigration  Society,  emigration  promoted  by,  161,  104. 
Servants,  bonus  paid  on,  12;  wanted  in  Canada,  12,  20,  58;  number  entering  Canada, 

21;  immigrants  to  United  States  from  Canada,  39. 
Servian  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  174. 

Sex,  of  United  States  immigrants  from  Canada,  39;  of  Canadian  immigrants  from 
United  States.  176.  ^        ,       o 

Slovaks:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  174;  to  United  States  from  Canada,  38. 
Smith,  J.  Obed,  on  farmer  delegates  from  Canada,  13. 
Sources  of  i  mmigration .     {Seel  mmigration . ) 
South  African  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  174. 
South  America,  Chinese  bound  for,  64. 
South  Carolina,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  33. 

South  Dakota,  lands,  30;  emigrants  to  Canada,  31;  homesteaders  to  Canada,  33. 
Spanish:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  174;  to  United  States  from  Canada,  38. 
Spanish-American  immigrants  to  United  States  from  Canada,  38. 
Stvrian  immigrants  to  Canada,  16. 
Sugar  Planters'  Association,  Hawaiian,  65-70. 
Swedish:  Immigration  favored,  11,  12;   number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  51, 

174;  deported,  50,  51,  54;  number  in  Canada,  75. 
Swiss:  Immigration  favored,  11;    number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  51,  174; 

deported,  50,  51;  number  in  Canada,  75. 
Syrians:  Number  of   immigrants  to  Canada,  16-19,  44,  51,  52,  174,  175;  to  United 
States,  19,  38,  44;  deported,  50,  51,  52;  rejected,  44;  occupations  of,  21;  num- 
ber in  Canada,  75. 
Tax,  head:  Canadian,  on  Chinese,  61,  62;  United  States,  on  all  aliens,  132,  133. 
Tennessee,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  33. 
Texas,  lands,  29,  30;  homesteaders  to  Canada,  33. 
Transit:  Via  United  States,  45,  46;  Chinese  in,  64. 

Trinidad,  Chinese  bound  for,  64.  .     ,   r,  ^ 

Turkish:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  51,  174;  to  United  States  from 

Canada,  38;  deported,  50-52;  number  in  Canada,  75. 
United  Kingdom:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  9,  16,  17,  19, 174-176;  to  United 
States,  19;  entries  and  deportations,  51;  Canadian  expenditures  in,  13-15,  34. 
{See  also  English,  Irish,  etc.) 
United  States:  Immigration  favored,  12;  number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  9,  16,  18, 
28-35,  51,  52,  174-176;  homesteaders,  21-23;  natives  of,  in  Canada,  33,  75,  76; 
Canadian  expenditures  in,  13-15,  34,  35;  immigration  laws,   132-150;  immi- 
gration to,  19,  23,  31,  36-40,  44,  55;  rejections,  44;  deportations,  50-52,  54,  55; 
effect  of  Canadian  laws  on,  39;  Chinese  bound  for,  64;  Chinese  in  transit,  64; 
Irish  immigration  to,  23-25;  census  of  public  charges,  55,  56. 
Utah,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  33. 
Vancouver,  Chinese  in  transit,  64;  orientals  to,  65,  66. 
Vermont,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  33. 
Victoria,  Chinese  in  transit,  64;  orientals  to,  66. 
Virginia,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  33. 

Wages,  Chinese,  63;  Japanese,  66.  •      il.       t>  • 

Walker,  J.  Bruce,  report  on  charitable  organizations  promoting  emigration  from  Brit- 
ish Isles,  26,  158-164. 
Wallace,  E.  J.,  author's  acknowledgment  to,  10. 
Washington,  emigrants  to  Canada,  31;  homesteaders  to  Canada,  33. 
Welsh:  ^Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  17,  23,  24,  28,  51,  174;  to  United  States 
from  Canada,  38;  deported,  50-52,  54;  number  in  Canada,  75;  Canadian  expen- 
ditures, 14;  homesteaders,  22. 
West  Indies:  Number  of  immigrants  to  Canada,  16,  174;  to  United  States  from  Can- 
ada, 38;  deported,  50;  Chinese  bound  for,  64. 
West  Virginia,  homesteaders  to  Canada,  33. 
Wheeler,  Wm.  R.,  memoranda  on  investigation  in  Ireland,  24. 
"WTiite,  W.  J.,  on  Canadian  propaganda  in  United  States,  28-30. 
Wisconsin,  emigrants  to  Canada,  31;  homesteaders  to  Canada,  33. 
Wyoming,  lands,  30;  homesteaders  to  Canada,  33. 
York,  agency  in,  11. 
Yoshy,  Mr.,  experiment  with  Japanese  contract  labor,  68,  69. 

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